English Wikipedia

The English Wikipedia is the English-language edition ware that powers Wikipedia, are English users.
of the free online encyclopedia Wikipedia. Founded on
15 January 2001, it is the rst edition of Wikipedia and,
as of July 2016, has the most articles of any of the edi- 2 Users and editors
tions.[2] As of April 2017, nearly 12.2% of articles in
all Wikipedias belong to the English-language edition.
This share has gradually declined from more than 50
percent in 2003, due to the growth of Wikipedias in
other languages.[3] There are 5,383,578 articles on the The English Wikipedia reached 4,000,000 registered user
site (live count).[4] In October 2015, the combined text accounts on 1 April 2007,[15] just a little over a year since
of the English Wikipedias articles totalled 11.5 gigabytes it had crossed a threshold of 1,000,000 registered user
when compressed.[5] On 1 November 2015, the English accounts in late February 2006.[16]
Wikipedia announced it had reached 5,000,000 articles[6] Over 800,000 editors have edited Wikipedia more than
and ran a special logo to reect the milestone.[7] 10 times.[17] 300,000 editors edit Wikipedia every
The Simple English Wikipedia is a variation in which month; of these, over 30,000 perform more than 5 ed-
most of the articles use only basic English vocabulary. its per month, and a little over 3,000 perform more than
There is also the Old English (nglisc/Anglo-Saxon) 100 edits per month.[18] By 24 November 2011, a total
Wikipedia (angwiki). Community-produced news pub- of 500 million edits had been performed on the English
lications include The Signpost.[8] Wikipedia.
As the largest Wikipedia edition, and because English
is such a widely used language, the English Wikipedia
1 Pioneering edition draws many users and editors whose native language is
not English. Such users may seek information from the
See also: Wikipedia:Milestones English Wikipedia rather than the Wikipedia of their na-
tive language because the English Wikipedia tends to con-
tain more information about general subjects. Successful
The English Wikipedia was the rst Wikipedia edition collaborations have been developed between non-native
and has remained the largest. It has pioneered many English speakers who successfully add content to the En-
ideas as conventions, policies or features which were later glish Wikipedia and native English speakers who act as
adopted by Wikipedia editions in some of the other lan- copyeditors for them.
guages. These ideas include featured articles,[9] the
neutral-point-of-view policy,[10] navigation templates,[11]
the sorting of short stub articles into sub-categories,[12] 2.1 Arbitration Committee
dispute resolution mechanisms such as mediation and
arbitration,[13] and weekly collaborations.[14] Main article: Arbitration Committee
The English Wikipedia has adopted features from
Wikipedias in other languages. These features include The English Wikipedia has an Arbitration Committee
veried revisions from the German Wikipedia (dewiki) (also known as ArbCom) that consists of a panel of edi-
and town population-lookup templates from the Dutch tors that imposes binding rulings with regard to disputes
Wikipedia (nlwiki). between other editors of the online encyclopedia.[19] The
Although the English Wikipedia stores images and audio Committee was created by Jimmy Wales on 4 December
les, as well as text les, many of the images have been 2003 as an extension of the decision-making [20][21]
power he
moved to Wikimedia Commons with the same name, as had formerly held as owner of the site.
passed-through les. However, the English Wikipedia When initially founded, the Committee consisted of 12
also has fair-use images and audio/video les (with copy- arbitrators divided into three groups of four members
right restrictions), most of which are not allowed on Com- each.[20][22] Since then, the Committee has gradually ex-
mons. panded its membership to 18 arbitrators.[23]
Many of the most active participants in the Wikimedia Like other aspects of the English Wikipedia, some of
Foundation, and the developers of the MediaWiki soft- Wikipedias sister projects have emulated the Arbitration

1
2 4 WIKIPROJECTS, AND ASSESSMENTS OF ARTICLES IMPORTANCE AND QUALITY

Committee with their own similar versions.[24] For in- ican English Wikipedia because the English Wikipedia
stance, in 2007, an Arbitration Committee was founded was the original edition.[33] Editors agreed to use U.S.
on the German Wikipedia called the Schiedsgericht.[25] spellings for primarily American topics and British
spellings for primarily British topics. In 2009 Lih wrote,
No doubt, American spellings tend to dominate by de-
fault just because of sheer numbers.[34]
3 Controversies
Main article: Criticism of Wikipedia
See also: Wikipedia Seigenthaler biography incident and
Essjay controversy
4 Wikiprojects, and assessments of
Several incidents of threats of violence against high articles importance and quality
schools on Wikipedia have been reported in the main-
stream press.[26][27][28] The Glen A. Wilson High School
was the subject of such a threat in 2008,[26][27][28] and Main article: WikiProject
a 14-year-old teenager was arrested for making a threat
against Niles West High School on Wikipedia in 2006.[29]
A "WikiProject" is a group of contributors who want to
A 2013 study from Oxford University concluded that the work together as a team to improve Wikipedia. These
most disputed articles on the English Wikipedia tended groups often focus on a specic topic area (for example,
to be broader issues, while on other language Wikipedias womens history), a specic location or a specic kind of
the most disputed articles tended to be regional issues; task (for example, checking newly created pages). The
this is due to the English languages status as a global English Wikipedia currently has over 2,000 WikiProjects
lingua franca, which means that many who edit the En- and activity varies.[35]
glish Wikipedia do not speak English as a native language.
The study stated that the most disputed entries on the In 2007, in preparation for producing a print version, the
English Wikipedia were: George W. Bush, anarchism, English Wikipedia[36] introduced an assessment scale of the
Muhammad, list of WWE personnel, global warming, quality of articles. Articles are rated by WikiProjects.
circumcision, United States, Jesus, race and intelligence, The range of quality classes begins with Stub (very
and Christianity. [30] short pages), followed by Start, C and B (in increas-
ing order of quality). Community peer review is needed
for the article to enter one of the highest quality classes:
3.1 Varieties of English either A, "good article" or the highest, "featured arti-
cle". Of the about 4.4 million articles and lists assessed
One controversy in the English Wikipedia concerns as of March 2015, a little more than 5,000 (0.12%) are
which national variety of the English language is to be featured articles, and fewer than 2,000 (0.04%) are fea-
preferred, with the most commonly advocated candidates tured lists. One featured article per day, as selected [37][38]
by
being American English and British English.[31] Perennial editors, appears on the main page of Wikipedia.
suggestions range from standardizing upon a single form The articles can also be rated as per importance as
of English to forking the English Wikipedia project. A judged by a WikiProject. Currently, there are 5 impor-
style guideline states, the English Wikipedia has no gen- tance categories: low, mid, high, top, and "???"
eral preference for a major national variety of the lan- for unclassied/uncertain level. For a particular article,
guage and an article on a topic that has strong ties to dierent WikiProjects may assign dierent importance
a particular English-speaking nation uses the appropriate levels.
variety of English for that nation.[32] An article should
The Wikipedia Version 1.0 Editorial Team has developed
use spelling and grammar variants consistently; for ex- a table (shown below) that displays data of all rated arti-
ample, color and colour are not to be used in the same ar-
cles by quality and importance, on the English Wikipedia.
ticle, since they represent American and British English,
If an article or list receives dierent ratings by two or
respectively. The guide also states that an article mustmore WikiProjects, then the highest rating is used in
remain in its original national variant. the table, pie-charts, and bar-chart. The software reg-
There has been a similar issue in the Chinese language ularly auto-updates the data.
Wikipedia concerning regional dierences in writing. Researcher Giacomo Poderi found that articles tend to
Eorts at a language fork for Portuguese Wikipedia have reach featured status via the intensive work of a few
failed, and succeeded for Norwegian Wikipedia. editors.[39] A 2010 study found unevenness in quality
Andrew Lih wrote that the English Wikipedia didn't among featured articles and concluded that the com-
have the chance to go through a debate over whether munity process is ineective in assessing the quality of
there should be a British English Wikipedia or an Amer- articles.[40]
 3

???

Featured articles
Featured lists
A-class articles
Good articles
B-class articles
C-class articles
Start-class articles
Quality-wise distribution of over 5.5 million articles
and lists on the English Wikipedia, as of 29 January Stub articles
2017[41]
Lists
Featured articles (0.11%)
Featured lists (0.04%) Unassessed articles and lists
A class (0.03%)
[Note: The table above (prepared by the Wikipedia Ver-
Good articles (0.50%)
sion 1.0 Editorial Team) is automatically updated daily by
B class (2.00%)
User:WP 1.0 bot, but the bar-chart and the two pie-charts
C class (4.32%)
are not auto-updated. In them, new data has to be entered
Start class (26.41%)
by a Wikipedia editor (i.e. user).]
Stub class (53.01%)
Lists (3.65%)
Unassessed (9.94%)
5 Graphics

Other 6.09%

Austronesian 4.80%

Sino-Tibetan 3.34% English

Uralic 2.80% 16.76%

Altaic
7.29%

Other Indo-European
58.92%

Importance-wise distribution of over 5.5 million arti-

cles and lists on the English Wikipedia, as of 29 Jan- Percentages
uary 2017[41] of articles written in various language families. In
March 2013, 16.76% of articles were in English.
Top (0.91%)
High (3.20%)
Medium (12.21%)
Low (51.68%)
??? (32.00%)
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000 The
Top countries in which the English Wikipedia is the
High most popular language version of Wikipedia are
Medium shown in red.[42]
Low
4 6 INTERNAL NEWS PUBLICATIONS

Top
25 contributor countries to the English Wikipedia.
Dark green: Native English speaking countries;
light green: countries with English as a foreign
language.[43]

Wikipedia community.[50][51] A wide range of editors

contribute articles and other pieces.[8]

In The publication was founded in January 2005 by

April 2009, the Wikimedia Foundation conducted Wikipedia administrator and later Chair of the
a usability study on the English Wikipedia, ques- Wikimedia
tioning users about the editing mechanism.[44]
marking English Wikipedias milestone of ve mil-
lion articles on 1 November 2015
6 Internal news publications
See also: The Signpost (Wikipedia)
Community-produced news publications include The
Signpost.[8] The Signpost (previously known as The
Wikipedia Signpost [46] ) is the English Wikipedias
newspaper.[8][47][48] It is managed by the Wikipedia
community and is published online weekly.[8][49] Each
edition contains stories and articles related to the
Foundation Board of Trustees, Michael
[8][46][52]
Snow. Originally titled The Wikipedia Signpost,
it was later shortened to simply The Signpost.[46][53]
The newspaper reports on Wikipedia events including
Arbitration Committee rulings,[54] Wikimedia Founda-
tion issues,[55] and other Wikipedia-related projects.[56]
Snow continued to contribute as a writer to The Signpost
until his appointment to the Board of Trustees of the
Wikimedia Foundation in February 2008.[57]
Investigative journalism by The Signpost in 2015 on
changes to freedom of panorama copyright restrictions
in Europe was covered by publications in multiple lan-
guages including German,[58] Italian,[59] Polish,[60] and
Russian.[61] Wikipedia users Gamaliel and Go Phight-
Video
ins! became editors-in-chief of The Signpost in Jan-
uary 2015; prior editor-in-chief The ed17 noted that dur-
ing his tenure the publication expanded its scope by in-
cluding more reporting on the wider Wikimedia move-
ment and English Wikipedia itself.[62] In a letter to read-
ers upon the newspapers tenth anniversary, the new co-
editors-in-chief stressed the importance of maintaining
independence from the Wikimedia Foundation in their
reporting.[63]
The Signpost has been the subject of academic analy-
sis in publications including Sociological Forum,[64] the
social movements journal Interface,[65] and New Review
of Academic Librarianship;[66] and was consulted for
data on Wikipedia by researchers from Los Alamos Na-
tional Laboratory and Dartmouth College.[67] It has gar-

nered generally positive reception from media publica-
tions including The New York Times,[68] The Register,[69]
Nonprot Quarterly,[70] and Heise Online.[71] The book
Wikipedia: The Missing Manual called The Signpost es-
sential reading for ambitious new Wikipedia editors.[72]
Other past and present community news publications in-
clude the "WikiWorld" web comic, the Wikipedia Weekly
podcast, and newsletters of specic WikiProjects like
The Bugle from WikiProject Military History and the
monthly newsletter from The Guild of Copy Editors.
There are also a number of publications from the Wiki-
media Foundation and multilingual publications such as
the Wikimedia Blog and This Month in Education.
7 See also
English Wikipedia blackout
History of Wikipedia
Reliability of Wikipedia
Simple English Wikipedia
Wikipedia for Schools
Wikipedia community
Wikipedia:Milestones
Wikipedia:Milestone statistics
8 Footnotes
[1] There is some controversy over who founded Wikipedia.
Wales considers himself to be the sole founder of
Wikipedia and has told the Boston Globe that its prepos-
terous to call Sanger the co-founder. However, Sanger
strongly contests that description. He was identied as a
co-founder of Wikipedia as early as September 2001 and
referred to himself as being founder as early as January
2002.
Sidener, Jonathan (6 December 2004). Everyones
Encyclopedia. San Diego Union Tribune. Re-
trieved 15 October 2006.
Meyers, Peter (20 September 2001). Fact-Driven?
Collegial? This Site Wants You. New York Times.
Retrieved 15 October 2006.
Sanger, Larry. What Wikipedia is and why it mat-
ters. Retrieved 12 April 2006.
[2] about 50 percent more than the next in rank, the Swedish
Wikipedia. See m:List of Wikipedias.
[3] Wikimedia Meta-Wiki (21 September 2008). List of
Wikipedias. Retrieved 21 September 2008.
5
[4] The number of articles on the English Wikipedia
is shown by the MediaWiki variable {{NUMBERO-
FARTICLES}}, with all Wikipedias as total {{NUM-
BEROF|ARTICLES|total}} = 44,160,825.
[5] See size of downloads at Wikipedia:Database download
and a list of historical sizes here
[6] "Wikipedia:Five million articles. Wikipedia. Wikimedia
Foundation. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
[7] "File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-en 5m articles.png. Wikime-
dia Commons. Wikimedia Foundation. Retrieved 1
November 2015.
[8] Phoebe Ayers; Charles Matthews; Ben Yates (2008). How
Wikipedia Works: And how You Can be a Part of it. No
Starch Press. pp. 345. ISBN 978-1-59327-176-3.
[9] English Wikipedia (30 January 2007). Featured arti-
cles. Retrieved 30 January 2007.
[10] English Wikipedia (25 January 2007). Neutral point of
view. Retrieved 30 January 2007.
[11] Wikimedia Meta-Wiki (29 January 2007). "Help:
Template". Retrieved 30 January 2007.
[12] English Wikipedia (19 January 2007). WikiProject Stub
sorting. Retrieved 30 January 2007.
[13] English Wikipedia (27 January 2007). Resolving dis-
putes. Retrieved 30 January 2007.
[14] English Wikipedia (30 January 2007). Article Creation
and Improvement Drive. Retrieved 30 January 2007.
[15] Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2007-04-02/News and
notes. Retrieved 20 April 2007
[16] Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2006-02-27/News and
notes. Retrieved 20 April 2007
[17] Wikipedia Statistics Tables English.
Stats.wikimedia.org. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
[18] Wikipedia Statistics Tables English.
Stats.wikimedia.org. Retrieved 8 August 2013.
[19] Schi, Stacy (2 December 2006). Know-alls. The Age.
Australia: Fairfax Digital Network. Retrieved 15 June
2009.
[20] Wales, Jimmy (4 December 2003). WikiEN-l Wiki-
quette committee appointments. Wikipedia. Wikimedia
Foundation. Retrieved 9 June 2009.
[21] Homan, David A.; Salil Mehra (2010). Wikitruth
Through Wikiorder. Emory Law Journal. 59 (2010).
SSRN 1354424 .
[22] Hyatt, Josh (1 June 2006). Secrets of Greatness: Great
Teams. Fortune. Time Warner. Retrieved 15 June 2009.
[23] Wales, Jimmy (20 December 2008). ArbCom Appoint-
ments. Wikipedia. Retrieved 14 June 2009.
[24] Wikidata (1 April 2015). Wikipedia sitelinks for Arbi-
tration Committee. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
6 8 FOOTNOTES
[25] Kleinz, Torsten (30 April 2007). Wikipedia sucht
Schiedsrichter (in German). heise online. Retrieved 9
June 2009.
[26] Hennessy-Fiske, Molly (29 April 2008). Wikipedia
threats went unchecked Los Angeles Times. Los Ange-
les Times.
[27] Hacienda Heights school receives possible threat.
abc7.com. Abclocal.go.com. 18 April 2008. Retrieved
8 August 2013.
[28] Student arrested for violent threats on Wikipedia. Los
Angeles Times. 29 April 2008. Retrieved 19 January
2012.
[29] Teen charged after threat to school on Wikipedia.
Bloomington, IL: Pantagraph.com. Associated Press. 31
October 2006. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
[30] Gross, Doug. "Wiki wars: The 10 most controversial
Wikipedia pages. CNN. 24 July 2013. Retrieved on 26
July 2013. Archived 12 April 2016 at the Wayback Ma-
chine.
[31] English Wikipedia. "Wikipedia:Manual of Style
(spelling)". Retrieved 25 February 2006.
[32] English Wikipedia. "Wikipedia:Manual of Style. Re-
trieved 10 October 2007.
[33] Lih, p. 135.
[34] Lih, p. 136.
[35] Wikipedia: Wikiprojects. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
[36] "Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Assessment.
Retrieved 28 October 2007.
[37] Comparing featured article groups and revision patterns
correlations in Wikipedia. First Monday. Retrieved 13
July 2010.
[38] Fernanda B. Vigas; Martin Wattenberg; Matthew M.
McKeon (22 July 2007). The Hidden Order of
Wikipedia (PDF). Visual Communication Lab, IBM Re-
search. Retrieved 30 October 2007.
[39] Poderi, Giacomo, Wikipedia and the Featured Articles:
How a Technological System Can Produce Best Quality Ar-
ticles, Master thesis, University of Maastricht, October
2008.
[40] Lindsey, David (5 April 2010). Evaluating quality con-
trol of Wikipedias featured articles. First Monday. 15
(4). Retrieved 29 January 2017.
[41] Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Statistics
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
[42] Zachte, Erik (14 November 2011). Wikimedia Trac
Analysis Report Wikipedia Page Views Per Country
Trends. Wikimedia Statistics. Retrieved 19 January
2011.
[43] Zachte, Erik (14 November 2011). Wikimedia Trac
Analysis Report Page Edits Per Wikipedia Language
Breakdown. Wikimedia Statistics. Retrieved 19 January
2011.
[44] Usability and Experience Study. Wikimedia Founda-
tion. Retrieved 19 January 2012.
[45] Wikimedia Trac Analysis Report Page Ed-
its Per Wikipedia Language Breakdown.
Stats.wikimedia.org. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
[46] Cohen, Noam (5 March 2007). A Contributor to
Wikipedia Has His Fictional Side. The New York Times.
p. C5. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
[47] Koebler, Jason (16 February 2016). The Secret Search
Engine Tearing Wikipedia Apart. Vice.
[48] Georoy, Romain (16 January 2014). Une employe de
Wikipdia dbarque pour avoir monnay ses articles.
Les Inrockuptibles.
[49] Dobusch, Leonhard (12 January 2014). Interview
mit Dirk Franke ber Grenzen der Bezahlung in der
Wikipedia. Netzpolitik.org.
[50] Rosen, Rebecca (6 February 2013). If You Want Your
Wikipedia Page to Get a TON of Trac, Die While Per-
forming at the Super Bowl Half-Time Show. The At-
lantic. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
[51] Dariusz Jemielniak (2014). Common Knowledge?: An
Ethnography of Wikipedia. Stanford University Press. pp.
231. ISBN 978-0804797238.
[52] McCarthy, Caroline (18 July 2008). Wikimedia Foun-
dation edits its board of trustees. CNET.
[53] Okoli, Chitu; Mehdi, Mohamad; Mesgari, Mostafa;
Nielsen, Finn rup; Lanamki, Arto (24 October 2012).
The peoples encyclopedia under the gaze of the sages:
A systematic review of scholarly research on Wikipedia.
doi:10.2139/ssrn.2021326. SSRN 2021326 .
[54] Oz, Ayelet (1 September 2014). The Legal Con-
sciousness of Wikipedia. Harvard Law School.
doi:10.2139/ssrn.2572381. SSRN 2572381 .
[55] Sotirios Paroutis; Loizos Heracleous; Duncan Angwin
(1 February 2013). Practicing Strategy: Text and Cases.
SAGE Publications. pp. 237. ISBN 978-1-4462-9047-
7.
[56] Waters, John K. (2010). The Everything Guide to So-
cial Media. Adams Media. pp. 180, 270. ISBN 978-
1440506314.
[57] Ral315 (18 February 2008). From the editor: This week,
I'd like to congratulate and thank Michael Snow. The
Wikipedia Signpost. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
[58] Diener, Andrea (27 June 2015). Geben Sie Panora-
mafreiheit, Sire!". FAZ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
(in German). Archived from the original on 29 June 2015.
Retrieved 5 March 2016.
[59] Libert di Panorama: a rischio in Europa con una riforma
del copyright. Blogo: Informazione libera e indipendente
(in Italian). 22 June 2015. Archived from the original on
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8 11 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

11 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

11.1 Text
English Wikipedia Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Wikipedia?oldid=775289120 Contributors: Berek, SimonP, Jinian,
Elian, Ubiquity, Ixfd64, Zanimum, TakuyaMurata, Ahoerstemeier, Angela, Ugen64, Conti, Mulad, RickK, WhisperToMe, Samsara,
Toreau, Warofdreams, Wetman, Donarreiskoer, Robbot, Chealer, Fredrik, Lowellian, Mirv, Hadal, Saforrest, Michael Snow, HaeB,
Asparagus, Cyrius, Adam78, Vaoverland, Ancheta Wis, Andries, MSGJ, Angmering, Alison, Wikibob, Duncharris, Bobblewik, Steviethe-
man, Antandrus, Piotrus, Rdsmith4, Mzajac, OwenBlacker, Magadan, Icairns, Neutrality, Jcw69, , Alperen, Zondor, Adashiel, Mike
Rosoft, Rich Farmbrough, Pmsyyz, Oska, Arthur Holland, Dbachmann, AlanBarrett, Night Gyr, Stbalbach, RoyBoy, Bobo192, Stesmo,
Remuel, Sortior, John Vandenberg, Wisdom89, BarkingFish, Artw, Roy da Vinci, 119, CunningLinguist, Caesura, Snowolf, Wtmitchell,
Velella, Danaman5, ProhibitOnions, Ilse@, Danthemankhan, Geraldshields11, Computerjoe, LukeSurl, Johntex, Killing Vector, Stemoni-
tis, Angr, Firsfron, Vashti, Slomox, Apokrif, Acerperi, , DESiegel, Deansfa, RichardWeiss, Graham87, Niweed17, Deltabeignet,
BD2412, RadioActive~enwiki, Vanderdecken, Crzrussian, Sj, Koavf, Amire80, MZMcBride, The wub, Leithp, Titoxd, CalJW, Vclaw,
Nihiltres, Pathoschild, Redwolf24, Alexjohnc3, KFP, Alphachimp, Mjal, R160K, Chobot, DVdm, Bgwhite, YurikBot, Sceptre, Spleo-
drach, JarrahTree, Chaser, Alvinrune, Rsrikanth05, Bovineone, Wimt, GeeJo, Wikimachine, NawlinWiki, DJ Bungi, Lemonade51, Caiyu,
Yoosef Pooranvary, Brian, Moe Epsilon, Tony1, Occono, Deckiller, Pulkit99, Dan Harkless, Mtze, Rwxrwxrwx, Alarob, EAderhold,
Emijrp, Zzuuzz, Nothlit, Fram, Thelb4, David Biddulph, Kungfuadam, NeilN, Carlosguitar, DVD R W, Algae, Luk, Vanka5, SmackBot,
Elonka, Roger Davies, Aido2002, Incnis Mrsi, David.Mestel, C.Fred, Od Mishehu, Vald, Jrockley, Flux.books, Yamaguchi , PeterSy-
monds, Gilliam, Skizzik, Kurykh, Thumperward, PrimeHunter, Mattythewhite, MalafayaBot, SchftyThree, Deli nk, Akanemoto, Aridd,
The Moose, Narco, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, AussieLegend, Yidisheryid, Rrburke, Tommyjb, Threeafterthree, Khoikhoi, Cyberco-
bra, Jared, Richard001, Brainyiscool, Diasimon2003, Mammalia, Ligulembot, Pilotguy, Ohconfucius, SashatoBot, Swatjester, Ser Amantio
di Nicolao, Kuru, JackLumber, Microchip08, Acidburn24m, Tim Q. Wells, CaptainVindaloo, IronGargoyle, Ckatz, 16@r, Optakeover,
SandyGeorgia, Mets501, Bsm15~enwiki, Xania, Ryulong, Dr.K., MTSbot~enwiki, Espreon, Dl2000, Asyndeton, General Eisenhower, Fan-
1967, LeyteWolfer, Joseph Solis in Australia, Newone, Sam Li, Vanisaac, Redneckjimmy, Kotepho, Arkiedragon, BeenAroundAWhile,
Picaroon, Gothic Garlic Monster, MC10, Mato, SyntaxError55, Meno25, Gogo Dodo, Hebrides, ST47, Naudefj, Teratornis, Thenewest-
doctorwho, Bramlet Abercrombie, Ssilvers, Aox~enwiki, Kozuch, GangstaEB, Thijs!bot, Wikid77, TheFearow, Mojo Hand, Headbomb,
James086, Tellyaddict, AgentPeppermint, Dgies, CharlotteWebb, Gpollock, ThomasPusch, Escarbot, Oreo Priest, Mentisto, AntiVan-
dalBot, Ais523, Anks 79, Seaphoto, 17Drew, Jj137, JAnDbot, MER-C, Skomorokh, Arachnocapitalist, Ericoides, BenB4, GoodDamon,
Suduser85, Zorro CX, Acroterion, Bongwarrior, VoABot II, Diamond2, JamesBWatson, Twsx, KConWiki, Edmundwoods, Adrian J.
Hunter, Trinexx, Bwildasi, Hdt83, MartinBot, Church of emacs, ExplicitImplicity, Bocianski.bot, Jim.henderson, Anaxial, Commons-
Delinker, Thirdright, J.delanoy, FANSTARbot, Ordew, Athaenara, NerdyNSK, Acalamari, Plasticup, NewEnglandYankee, DadaNeem,
Greeves, KylieTastic, Cometstyles, STBotD, WJBscribe, Gwen Gale, U.S.A.U.S.A.U.S.A., ACBest, Treisijs, Bonadea, Dhp49, Izno,
Idioma-bot, Artes, VolkovBot, Vrac, AlnoktaBOT, QuackGuru, Philip Trueman, TXiKiBoT, Oshwah, EricSerge, DevAlt, Qxz, Melsaran,
DennyColt, Abdullais4u, Jackfork, Wiae, Maxim, Blurpeace, Meters, Synthebot, Sevela.p, Sesshomaru, Laval, SieBot, Tresiden, Suk-
laa, Laoris, BotMultichill, Elie plus, Jauerback, VVVBot, Alexanderps, Yintan, Flyer22 Reborn, Dominik92, Oxymoron83, DoucheNig-
ger, Lightmouse, IdreamofJeanie, Diego Grez-Caete, Adabach, Coldcreation, Yair rand, Dabomb87, Denisarona, SallyForth123, Sfan00
IMG, MBK004, ClueBot, Snigbrook, IeieieieFrenchenenenene, Nnemo, Unbuttered Parsnip, Tylaw, Alexchris, Mild Bill Hiccup, Trulexi-
con, Marissa DaSilva, Shentosara, Mezigue, JTSchreiber, Marselan, Auntof6, Mightyms, DragonBot, Stepshep, Ktr101, Excirial, Alexbot,
Jusdafax, Tomeasy, Damodin578, Piccadilly Sirkus, Rhododendrites, Sonicdrewdriver, MacedonianBoy, Coinmanj, Peter.C, Ngebendi,
M.O.X, Another Believer, Rui Gabriel Correia, Thingg, Shj95, Johnuniq, Egmontaz, Ogdens, Kiensvay, XLinkBot, Gnowor, Roxy the
dog, BodhisattvaBot, MystBot, Sadfasasdsdfga, Deineka, Addbot, Willking1979, Jojhutton, Shahriyar alavi, IXavier, KnowledgeHege-
monyPart2, Me Three, Wlgst wfre, CarsracBot, RTG, The Shadow-Fighter, AndersBot, Jasper Deng, Numbo3-bot, Komischn,
OlEnglish, Jarble, LuK3, Narayan, Narutolovehinata5, Ben Ben, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Nallimbot, Ningauble, Eric-Wester, AnomieBOT,
Galago, YeshuaDavid, Jim1138, Galoubet, JackieBot, Clarinetguy097, Sz-iwbot, Materialscientist, DAFMM, Eskandarany, Mprate00,
Neurolysis, ArthurBot, Obersachsebot, Xqbot, Engineering Guy, JimVC3, Almabot, Jolly Janner, GrouchoBot, , ProtectionTag-
gingBot, Peterdinio, Mark Schierbecker, RibotBOT, SassoBot, Mathonius, Amaury, Ace111, The Wiki ghost, Joxta, PM800, Novem
Linguae, Rohitrrrrr, George2001hi, FrescoBot, Nonsense12, Paine Ellsworth, Pepper, Haosys, ReginaldPeppers, Recognizance, Mewulwe,
Kausthub2704, Katimpe, Wales with vvikia black shirt, Ahmer Jamil Khan, Amplitude101, Kenrick95, I dream of horses, Peroxwhy2gen,
Elockid, FriedrickMILBarbarossa, Coolhitmandude5000, Pardus2, RedBot, Serols, TobeBot, Tratra22395768, Yunshui, ItsZippy, Lotje,
Vrenator, Nataev, MaxEspinho, Underlying lk, Tbhotch, Reach Out to the Truth, Obsidian Soul, Mean as custard, TjBot, Slaja, Bossanoven,
Forenti, EmausBot, DolphinL, Nordmensch, Ajraddatz, GoingBatty, RA0808, Dcirovic, K6ka, Djembayz, Helloimryan, ZroBot, Check-
ingfax, Josve05a, Kiwi128, Ebrambot, H3llBot, Hydriz, Makecat, Tolly4bolly, Rcsprinter123, , El Ayudante, Donner60, Chris857,
Brad78, Bjung, Iketsi, Targaryen, GrayFullbuster, Olsi, Petrb, ClueBot NG, Michaelmas1957, MelbourneStar, Satellizer, Erbaluce70,
SomeDudeWithAUserName, Widr, Antiqueight, , Mightymights, Helpful Pixie Bot, Hafeezjaan77, Famousfreddyow,
Fmhf87, SzMithrandir, Calidum, Wbm1058, Lowercase sigmabot, Phil W Moskowitz, BG19bot, Neptunes Trident, Pine, The11301983,
Ceradon, Rajat sandilya, AvocatoBot, Johnny is God of all, Wstacey, VALERIAN DANTIS, Mozie Tony C, Mark Arsten, SugarRat,
Dipankan001, Joydeep, P dash air, Soerfm, CitationCleanerBot, 2679D, Dominey1998, Skorpy2009, Writ Keeper, Aanz26, Vanis-
chenu, Etothepi, DC-CASH, MD SAZZED AMIN, BattyBot, David.moreno72, Angmayakda, Multanian, Cyberbot II, Dhnlin, Rose Janet,
Khazar2, EuroCarGT, JYBot, I am done with, Akash rajput balod, Dexbot, Rezonansowy, MehGuy, FoCuSandLeArN, Kolega2357,
331dot, Vintelok, Abwehrkraft, TwoTwoHello, Drhashimiqbal, Lugia2453, Isarra (HG), Danceteamcherleaders, Frosty, Drinzkoan, Cnmi
leader, Rakassim, Kevin12xd, Mrjulesd, Me, Myself, and I are Here, Priydeepestate, Class455, Roran1998, VanishedUser 2313214sad1,
Ekips39, Epicgenius, Gdaniel111, Lemnaminor, Nguewane, AmericanLemming, Vallydate, V4vivek, Frozen2, Ayub407, Xsziran, Every-
morning, Avinashshrm1995, Wernistudent, EvergreenFir, Master of Time, Flat Out, DavidLeighEllis, Vishwaradhyaswamy, Alexmum,
Cosmetique786, Mcgulliona, NottNott, Gaurav daroch, D Eaketts, Werddemer, Tomatthemax, Subas soni, Shamimcs, St.satheesh, Har-
moniousMthombeni, Scbd, Braggaw, Pcheresn, Jorindsuti2013, DerekF1492, JaconaFrere, SAI SIDHANTA MISHRA, Dr.Sherouk J.,
Med B Jaguraga, Nicolella1000, Nikosgranturismogt, Hemanth553, Inkyrexy, K8joc8ohGee9j, DR.G.K.DHAS, Elettranicodemi, Ac-
tual Post Courier Service, Monkbot, Hanif Al Husaini, Bdavies123, Naresh.sharma2050, Artistbook1, TheAccelator, US Fuel & En-
ergy Inc., Notsoviet, Amortias, Abbasaheb, Plesniva kunda, Varunez, MRD2014, JustOneMoreLevel, A8v, KH-1, Rigolikan, Eurodyne,
Anapaum1121, Goodlarn, Iwilsonp, Aanesah Cappas, Kashish Arora, Snabbkae, TompaDompa, AlphaBetaGamma01, Quivico, Ab-
dallahradwan777, Keszthelyi levente, Tybomb124, Petergrigoryev0003, Nerd1659, Raj Bangre, Imtheeditorhere, Jakath, TruthfulMal-
lowMan, SydFishy102, GeneralizationsAreBad, Sanjjas, Captain Doge, Prinsgezinde, Nkkenbuer, Stephenngengjoo, Nickag989, Cab-
bagePotato, Wahidullah1982, Mista menace, Drugz And Doze Healthcare, My Chemistry romantic, ChennaiShopMart, Justinnh4667,
11.2 Images 9

ProprioMe OW, Cardamom suppliers in India, Murph9000, Mallrajadotcom, Adem20, CAPTAIN RAJU, SMM764, IHateNeilN, You
better look out below!, Tunde Ayeni Parable, The Editor of All Things Wikipedia, Proud User, Hanumanth1992, CLCStudent, Prioty,
Joshualouie711, Mr rnddude, Viraj Ashok, 007aryanwiki, Allthefoxes, Zishaneram, H.dryad, Ehale3579, BMCBTDBSM, Kumar041188,
Ajay Shastri BCR NEWS, Bdrakibhossain, 8rayo8, Dylan murray1234, Rtrust, Zing84, Shabbirahmad431, Marley1120, Bapuni60, KGirl-
Trucker81, GreenC bot, Roy.robot, Gary Roach Sanderson, Emmy2106, MPVK, Wike.tanjamma-devi temple-kuppam-andrapradesh,
Pppery, GuyWhoTrollsArticles, Jarrydmehta, Efreneito, BrainDoctor, Deepureghu, Hazzahlhajeri, Baselhadad123, Marvellous Spider-
Man, Simranjeet Sandal, Cameron19721, RainFall, Ravichandranfdo, Deepikapahadi, Shaheed7003, Printer help center, Bender the
Bot, Angelenaaaaboudreau, Heinouz, Sukantosarkar, Inter Fail Join Degree, Mansoor malik, Wertasrtasfgaery, Shabbir Naaz Bhatti2,
Mason2872039907629380113, Orland Domingo Morente, Broccoli1738, Roseganda09, Makilamikoaki, Bernard Agbozu, Yusufhayter,
Iadmc, Pog2016, Troll username, Foreveredwin, Mwiko, Wikitroll2016, Kathylg, Karina Ustariz (SLU), HenhwaTOIS, Saripay, Binod247,
16letterusername, Teodoro Lafuente, , Meshack wright, Jexx2548 and Anonymous: 477

11.2 Images
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nal artist: ?
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screenshot.png License: CC BY-SA 4.0 Contributors: English Wikipedias main page Original artist: English Wikipedia contributors
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popular_edition_of_Wikipedia_by_country_%E2%80%93_Wikimedia_Traffic_Analysis_Report_%E2%80%93_1_Jul_2009-31_
Oct_2013.svg License: Public domain Contributors: This le was derived from BlankMap-FlatWorld6.svg: <a href='//commons.
wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BlankMap-FlatWorld6.svg' class='image'><img alt='BlankMap-FlatWorld6.svg' src='https://upload.wikimedia.
org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/BlankMap-FlatWorld6.svg/50px-BlankMap-FlatWorld6.svg.png' width='50' height='25'
srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/BlankMap-FlatWorld6.svg/75px-BlankMap-FlatWorld6.svg.png
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nal artist: ?
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inal artist: ?
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lamanbahasa/sites/default/files/UU_2009_24.pdf) Original artist: Drawn by User:SKopp, rewritten by User:Gabbe
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utors: URL http://www.isiri.org/portal/files/std/1.htm and an English translation / interpretation at URL http://flagspot.net/flags/ir'.html
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Contributors: Drawn by User:SKopp Original artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Italy.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
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domain Contributors: Create based on the Malaysian Government Website (archive version)
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Contributors: This vector image was created with Inkscape. Original artist: Alex Covarrubias, 9 April 2006
10 11 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

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Public domain Contributors: http://www.mch.govt.nz/files/NZ%20Flag%20-%20proportions.JPG Original artist: Zscout370, Hugh Jass
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File:Flag_of_Russia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Origi-
nal artist: ?
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artist: ?
File:Flag_of_Sweden.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg License: PD Contributors: ?
Original artist: ?
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Contributors: Turkish Flag Law (Trk Bayra Kanunu), Law nr. 2893 of 22 September 1983. Text (in Turkish) at the website of the
Turkish Historical Society (Trk Tarih Kurumu) Original artist: David Benbennick (original author)
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cense: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Zscout370
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cense: Public domain Contributors: The design was taken from [1] and the colors were also taken from a Government website Original
artist: User:Achim1999
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cense: PD Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
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commons/6/66/Wikipedia_5_million_articles_milestone_video_November_2015.ogv License: CC BY-SA 4.0 Contributors: Own work
with music and some images from others; see credits in the movie for attribution Original artist: Pine
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cense: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Made in Adobe Illustrator with data from m:List of Wikipedias by language macrofamily Original
artist: Sonicdrewdriver

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