Ee 2nd Assignemnt

Table of Contents.
Introduction of Report...............................................................................................1
Motor Speed Temperature Controller........................................................................2
Objective:-..............................................................................................................2
Introduction to the Problem:-.................................................................................2
Introduction:-..........................................................................................................3
Design and Demonstration.....................................................................................4
Software Design:-...................................................................................................9
Hardware Design:.................................................................................................10
Construction:-.......................................................................................................10
Working:-..............................................................................................................11
Analysis:-..............................................................................................................11
theorem are describe below.................................................................................11
Result:-.................................................................................................................16
Discussion:-..........................................................................................................16
Conclusion:-.........................................................................................................16
References...............................................................................................................17
CE000431-1-Essential Electronics Individual Assignment Page 1of 17
Introduction of Report.
This report provides a brief overview of the basic concept of the electric Circuit. It will provides
a brief knowledge about the motor Speed temperature controller circuit.
In this report, the concepts of the motor speed temperature controller is explained by the help of
drawing a simple circuit diagram of motor speed temperature controller on PCB as always as
software (Multisim/Micro Proteus).
While going through this report designer will comes to know about heat sensor devices,
understand active and passive components and understand the operation and application of
amplifier. Designer will also able to know about the practical application of this circuit.
While going through the calculation and analysis part the designer will be able to calculate the
practical output and input value current and voltage of different components. In this way
designer will able to compare their theoretical and practical value of the circuit.
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Level 1 Asia Pacific Institute of Information Technology 2014
Motor Speed Temperature Controller.

Objective:-
The objective of this assignment is to design the motor Speed temperature controller circuit by
the help of 12V battery. When there is change is temperature sensor, the speed of the motor
should be change i.e. if the temperature of heat sensor is increase, the speed of the motor should
also increase and if the temperature of the heat sensor is decrease, the speed of the motor should
decrease.
12V Power Supply Fire Sense Driver transistor Motor

Circuit (FET)
Figure 1: Block diagram of motor speed temperature.
Circuit Diagram:
Figure 2: Circuit Diagram of Motor Speed Temperature controller.
Introduction to the Problem:-

It is very well know that electrical circuit is made of electronics components like resistor,
transistor, capacitor, different types of sensor and many more electronics components. I the same
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way in this assignment researcher have to design a Motor Speed Temperature controller by a
use of some electronics components. Therefore, to design the Motor Speed Temperature
Controller researcher have to use heat sensor.
While making this report the first and foremost problem arises is selection of design. Selection of
design is very difficult task. To solve this problem researcher go through different book and
different web site to design a simple circuit. After solving this problem, the next problem arises.
This problem is selection and connection of electronics components. To solve this problem
researcher his go to the module lecture.
After solving the entire problem, finally researcher design the circuit according to the objective
of report. When the temperature of heat sensor increases, the output voltage or speed of motor
also increases and vice versa.
Introduction:-
A temperature sensor generates an output signal indicating the increases or decreases on
temperature. The temperature sensor that is used is passive components. There are different types
of heat senor such thermistor, thermocouple and LM35.
In this assignment researcher use LM35 heat sensor, it because LM35 is linear temperature heat
senor whereas other are non- linear temperature sensor.
While designing motor speed temperature controller various types of electronics components are
used such 12v, Transistor (BC547). Resistance of 1k ohm and 220Ohm, LM35, DC motor and
LED.
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Figure 3: Circuit Diagram on Proteus.
Design and Demonstration.

Basic Electronics Component use in the circuit.
LED (Light Emitting Diode)

Battery (12V)
Transistor (BC547)
Capacitor
Resistors
DC Motor
LM35
Description of Basic Components use in the circuit.
LED (Light Emitting Diode):-

LED has been use as light dimmer. It will glow when light falls on LDR. LED are of different
color, it may be red, blue, green and many more. LED is a semiconductor diode that emits light
when an electric current is applied in forward direction.
The two important characteristics of LED (Light emitting Devices) are-
a. Light Intensity vs Electric Current.
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b. Junction Voltage vs Electric Current.
Figure 4: LED
Battery:-
In this circuit, 12V battery is use as a power supply. The purpose of a battery is to store chemical
energy and convert this store chemical energy into electrical energy when the need arises. Battery
consist of two or more cell connected in series or parallel.
A Primary battery is one that can convert chemical energy into electrical only once. A Secondary
battery has electrodes that can be reconstitution by passing back through it. It also called storage
or rechargeable battery.
Figure 5: 12V Battery
Transistor:-
Transistor is an active device which is used to amplify and switch electronic signals. It is made
by sandwitching one semiconductor between two semiconductors. It has three legs which are
named as collector, base and emitter. The emitter is always forward biased and the collector is
reversed biased. The three basic configuration of transistor are common base
configuratio,common emitter configuration and common collector configuration.
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Figure 6: Transistor
Bipolar Junction Transistor.
Bipolar Junction Transistor are those transistor which are made of up of three legs, the base, the
collector, and the emitter. Bipolar Junction transistor are of two types, NPN and PNP transistor.
Types of Bipolar Junction Transistors-

a. NPN Transistor
It is the type of transistor in which p-type base is sand witched between n-type emitter and n-type
collector.
b. PNP Transistor.
It is the type of transistor in which n-type base is sand witched between a p-type emitter and a p-
type collector.
In this circuit, NPN Bipolar Junction Transistor is use (BC547).
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DC Motor:-
DC motor is electrical devices that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. It is based
on the principle that when a current carrying conductor is placed in magnetic felid, it experiences
mechanical forces whose direction is given by Flemings left hand rule and whose magnitude is
given by,
F = BIL
Where B = Magnetic field
I = Current
L= Length of the coil
The different types of DC motors are as follows.
1. Separately Excited DC motor.
2. Self Excited DC Motor.
3. Permanent Magnet.
Specification DC motor that is use in circuit.
Operating Voltage = 0 to 12V
Internal Resistance = 120
Nominal Revolution = 6
Figure 7: DC Motor
Capacitor:-
A capacitor are passive components that store the energy in the form of an electrostatics field.
A capacitor contains of two conducting plates disconnected by a shielding material called
dielectric. The capacitance is directly proportional to the surface areas of the plates, and is
inversely proportional to the separation between the plates. Capacitance also depends on the
dielectric constant of the substance.
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Figure8: Capacitor
The potential differences when applied across the conductor polarizes the dipole ions to store the
charge in the dielectric medium.
The charged store in a capacitor is given by
Q = CV
Where Q = Charge stored by the capacitor.
C = Capacitance value of the capacitor.
V = Voltage applied across the capacitor.
Types of Capacitor.
1. Mica:-
Mica capacitors are small with high working voltage. The working voltage is the voltage limit
that cannot be exceed.
2. Ceramic Disk:-
Ceramic Disk are small non polarized capacitor. The have relatively high capacitance due to
high Er.
3. Plastic Film Capacitor:-
Plastic film capacitor are small and non- polarized. They have relatively high capacitance due to
larger plate area.
4. Electrolytic Capacitor:-
Electronics Capacitor have very high capacitor but they are not as precise as other types and tend
to have more leakage current.
Resistors
Resistors are also passive components. A resistor is an electrical element that bounds or regulates
the flow of electrical current in an electronic circuit. Its S.I unit is Ohm.
In this circuit, 1k and 220 resistors are used.
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Figure9: Resistors
LM35:-
LM35 is a precision IC temperature sensor with its output proportional to the temperature. The
senor circuitry is sealed and therefore it is not subject to oxidation and other process. With LM35
temperature can be measure more accurately than with the thermistor. It also possess low self-
heating and does not causes more the 0.10c temperature rise in still air.
The operating temperature range is from -55 0c to 1500c. The output voltage varies by 10mV in
response to every 00C rise / full in ambient temperature.
LM35 has three pole. The first pole represent +Vcc and it function is supply voltage up to 35 to
0V. The second pole represent output and its function is to give output value. It give output
voltage 6 to -1V. Third poles represent ground. Voltage across is zero.
Figure 80: LM35
Software Design:-
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure11: Software Design of Motor speed temperature controller
Hardware Design:
Figure12: Hardware Circuit Diagram
Construction:-
From the construction of motor speed temperature controller researcher used 12V battery,
LM35 temperature heat sensor, two resistors 1kOhm and 100 Ohm, capacitor of 10uF, LED and
DC motor to check the output.
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So first take a 9-volt battery that is connect with one end 1kOhm resistor in series. The second
terminal of battery is connect with the first terminal of the LM35 heat sensor. Now, third terminal
of LM35 is ground. The second terminal of LM35, which is an output terminal, is connect with
one terminal of 100-ohm resistor. The second terminal of resistor (R 2) is connect with base of
BC547 transistor. Now, the collector of BC547 is connect with negative terminal of motor is
positive terminal of motor is connect between 1kohm and positive terminal of battery. The
capacitor of 10uF is connect across or parallel to common base emitter. The emitter is connect
with negative terminal of battery.
Working:-
When the applied an input voltage of 9V, the circuit start working. When we increases the
temperature of LM35, the output voltage also increases by 10mv/ 0c. Similarly, when the
temperature of heat sensor decreases the output voltage also decreases.
Analysis:-
To know the different value of different components I use different type of theorem. Some of the
theorem are describe below.
Kirchhoffs current law (KCL)
Kirchhoffs current law state that Sum of current that flow into the circuit is equal to the sum of
all current which are coming out from the circuit.
I in I out = 0
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KVL (Kirchhoffs voltage law)
The Kirchhoffs Voltage law states that the summation of voltage arise and voltage around a
closed loop equal to zero.
V = 0
Ohms law:
This law states that, the current in a resistive circuit is directly proportional to the applied
voltage and inversely proportional to its resistance.
I= V/R
Table1: Observation table of temperature and output voltage at motor.

S.No. Temperature (0c) Output Voltage at motor (V)
1. 27 0.48
2. 28 0.49
3. 29 0.50
4. 30 0.51
5. 31 0.52
6 32 0.53
7 33 0.54
8 34 0.55
9 35 0.56
10 36 0.57
Graph:-
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40 35 36
33 34
35 31 32
29 30
28
3027
25
20
15
10
Temperature(C) 5
0
Output Voltage (v)
Figure 9: Graph of Temperature VS Output Voltage at motor
Output value of LM35 at different temperature.
Table2: Observation table of output voltage of LM35
S.No. Temperature Output voltage of LM35 (V)
1. 25 0.25
2. 26 0.26
3. 27 0.27
4. 28 0.28
5. 29 0.29
6. 30 0.30
7. 31 0.31
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Graph:-
40 35 36
33 34
35 31 32
29 30
3027 28
25
20
15
10
5
Temperature 0
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 10: Graph of temperature vs Output value at LM35
Now calculate voltage across different point at different temperature.

1. At 270c temperature.
Voltage across motor:-
Output voltage (V) = 0.48 V.
Output current (I) = 0.04A
Across LM35:-
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Voltage (V) = 11V

Voltage come from terminal 2 of LM35 (Output) = 0.27V
Across BC547:-
Voltage cross Common Base Collector = 8.42 V
Voltage cross Common Base emitter = 0.80V
Voltage across output of LM35:-
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Output Voltage = 0.27 V
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Result:-
The graph between temperature and output voltage show linear nature. This shows that LM35
increases linearly. It is also a linear device. It is also find that as the temperature is increases the
output value also increases. The speed of motor also increases as the temperature increases and
when the temperature of LM35 decreases, the output voltage decreases. The speed of motor is
also decreases.
Discussion:-
This assignment would has not been completed without module Lecture. As there were many
doubts regarding the connection of component. So, before doing anything researcher read the
assignment thoroughly and then start working on assignment. After reading the assignment
researcher, go through the different design of Motor Speed Temperature controller. After
searching the design from the different sources such as internet, book etc. researcher able to
design the circuit on Proteus but when researcher discuss with module lecture he found that the
heat sensor that is used in circuit is non linear heat sensor. Therefore, after discussion with
module lecture it conclude that the heat that is use in the circuit should be linear because it give
linear output at every change in temperature. So, researcher again searcher different types of
linear heat sensor. After reading different book researcher comes to know about LM35 that is
linear sensor. Then researcher consult with module and discuss on the LM35. After discussion
with module lecture, it is conclude that LM35 is linear heat senor devices. Finally, researcher
design the circuit on both hardware as well as software by using LM35 heat sensor. After,
completing the design researcher start working on documentation part. At last researcher able to
complete the assignment on time.
Conclusion:-
The main goal of this assignment is to design a Motor speed controller. When the temperature
increase the LM35 the speed of motor also increases and when the temperature of decreases. The
LM35 is linear devices. The graph between output voltage and the temperature is linear. This
also indicates that LM35 give linear output. The output voltage of LM35 is 10mv/ 0C. It means
that at every one temperature there is also increases of 0.1V in output.
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References.
1) Amrita.vlab.co.in, 'Characteristics of Thermistor (Theory): Solid State Physics Virtual
Lab: Physical Sciences: Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Virtual Lab', 2014. [Online].
Available: http://amrita.vlab.co.in/?sub=1&brch=282&sim=1511&cnt=1. [Accessed: 10-
Nov- 2014].
2) Electrical4u.com, 'DC Motor or Direct Current Motor | Electrical4u', 2014. [Online].

Available: http://www.electrical4u.com/dc-motor-or-direct-current-motor/. [Accessed:
09- Nov- 2014].
3) Engineersgarage.com, 'LM35 Temperature Sensor - Datasheet & Pin Diagram -

Engineers Garage', 2014. [Online]. Available:
http://www.engineersgarage.com/electronic-components/lm35-sensor-datasheet.
[Accessed: 13- Nov- 2014].
4) Facstaff.bucknell.edu, 'Measuring Temperature', 2014. [Online]. Available:

http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/mastascu/elessonshtml/sensors/TempLM35.html.
5) Facstaff.bucknell.edu, 'Measuring Temperature', 2014. [Online]. Available:

http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/mastascu/elessonshtml/sensors/TempLM35.html.
6) M. Brain and C. Bryant, 'How Capacitors Work How Stuff Works', 2014. [Online].
Available: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/capacitor.htm. [Accessed: 10-Nov-
2014].
7) Magics-notebook.com, 'LM35', 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.magics-
notebook.com/lm35.html. [Accessed: 13- Nov- 2014].
8) P. Bimbhra, (2012) Power Electronics. New Delhi: Khanna pvt Ltd, pp. 50-13
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Table of Contents.

Motor Speed Temperature Controller.

12V Power Supply Fire Sense Driver transistor Motor

Figure 1: Block diagram of motor speed temperature.

Figure 2: Circuit Diagram of Motor Speed Temperature controller.

Introduction to the Problem:-

Figure 3: Circuit Diagram on Proteus.

Design and Demonstration.

LED (Light Emitting Diode)

LED (Light Emitting Diode):-

a. Light Intensity vs Electric Current.

b. Junction Voltage vs Electric Current.

Figure 5: 12V Battery

Bipolar Junction Transistor.

Types of Bipolar Junction Transistors-

In this circuit, NPN Bipolar Junction Transistor is use (BC547).

Figure 80: LM35

Figure11: Software Design of Motor speed temperature controller

Figure12: Hardware Circuit Diagram

KVL (Kirchhoffs voltage law)

Table1: Observation table of temperature and output voltage at motor.

Output Voltage (v)

Figure 9: Graph of Temperature VS Output Voltage at motor

Output value of LM35 at different temperature.

Table2: Observation table of output voltage of LM35

S.No. Temperature Output voltage of LM35 (V)

OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)

Figure 10: Graph of temperature vs Output value at LM35

Now calculate voltage across different point at different temperature.

Voltage (V) = 11V

Voltage across output of LM35:-

Output Voltage = 0.27 V

2) Electrical4u.com, 'DC Motor or Direct Current Motor | Electrical4u', 2014. [Online].

3) Engineersgarage.com, 'LM35 Temperature Sensor - Datasheet & Pin Diagram -

4) Facstaff.bucknell.edu, 'Measuring Temperature', 2014. [Online]. Available:

5) Facstaff.bucknell.edu, 'Measuring Temperature', 2014. [Online]. Available:

7) Magics-notebook.com, 'LM35', 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.magics-

notebook.com/lm35.html. [Accessed: 13- Nov- 2014].

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