Chapter 28 Short Answer Questions

1. Is the Age of Anxiety an appropriate name for the period between World War I
and World War II?
a. Look at the following areas for examples to support your answer:
i. Art-surrealism, dada
ii. Psychology- Freud and psychoanalysis
iii. Resurgence of fundamentalist religion
iv. Rise of totalitarian ideologies
b. Define the Age of Anxiety and take a side on this question
2. What was the Lost Generation?
a. You can look at literature and the arts
i. Americans- Hemmingway, Pound, Dos Passos, F. Scott Fitzgerald
ii. Europeans- Wilfred Owen, John McCrae, Erich Maria Remarque
b. You could also refer to the vast numbers of dead in the war that made
this a lost generation.
3. How did United States government policies between 1930 and 1932 make the
Great Depression worse?
a. Hoovers self-help policies
b. Rugged individualism
c. Volunteerism
d. Smoot-Hawley Tarif
e. Spending cuts
f. Reliance on laissez faire economics
4. How did Keynesian economics improve economic conditions during the Great
Depression?
a. Keynesian economics is countercyclical; it calls for increased spending
during economic downturns and decreased spending in times of high
growth
b. During the Great Depression governments tried to spend more money
to counter the big problem of the depression, deflation.
c. Ways to engage in Keynesian economics
i. Direct aid- give people money
ii. Government jobs programs
iii. Military spending
iv. Lower interest rates
v. Borrow money and spend it on programs
vi. Build infrastructure
d. The New Deal in the United States provides many examples
5. How did the ideology of German National Socialism and Italian fascism reflect
belief in a lost golden age?
a. Mussolini and Hitler both promised to make their countries great again,
harkening back to a golden age.
b. For Italy the golden age was Rome.
c. For Germany the golden age was a mythical past dominated by Aryan
German warriors, although the policies of Germany make it clear that
there was also a desire to undo the results of World War I. The name
Third Reich gives you a clue here.
6. How did the New Economic Policy demonstrate the weakness of the
Bolsheviks in the early days of the USSR?
 a. The NEP allowed for some small business and market driven economic
activity especially in the production of food.
b. Kulaks were portrayed later as enemies of the Revolution because
peasants did not like Communist policies and very well could have
withheld their produce from the cities.
c. The NEP was a temporary concession to the peasants and can be
viewed as a tactical move.
d. The government kept control over the commanding heights of the
economy; railroads, banks, heavy industry like steel and coal mining.
7. How did the National Socialists come to power in Germany?
a. Hitler was a master of propaganda
b. The Weimar Republic did not have broad support
i. It was blamed for the Treaty of Versailles
ii. It was not nationalistic
iii. Economic problems like the hyperinflation of the 1920s and the
Great Depression undermined its legitimacy
c. Right wing parties were willing to try to use the Nazis against the
political left, the Communists and the Social Democrats.
d. Salami tactics- slice of thin layers of the opposition and isolate them
one at a time.
e. The Nazis were popular and won the 1933 election. .