APPLIED ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES:

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND SYSTEMS Cables

ARCH 631
DR. ANNE NICHOLS
simple
FALL 2013 uses
suspension bridges
lecture
six roof structures
transmission lines
guy wires, etc.
http:// nisee.berkeley.edu/godden

have same tension all along

cables & cant stand compression struts do
Millennium Bridge in Newcastle, UK

arches
Cables & Arches 1 Applied Architectural Structures F2009abn Cables & Arches 2 Architectural Structures III F2009abn
Lecture 6 ARCH 631 Lecture 6 ARCH 631

Cables Cables
use high-strength steel
need
towers
anchors
stiffeners (hangers)
have spans & sag
dont want movement
dynamic effects of wind
resonance
http:// nisee.berkeley.edu/godden

Cables & Arches 3 Architectural Structures III F2009abn Cables & Arches4 Architectural Structures III F2007abn
Lecture 6 ARCH 631 Lecture 5 ARCH 631

1
Cables Cable Loads
equilibrium: straight line
not enough to solve, we have slopes between forces
X component the same everywhere

4m 6m
A B
2m

45 kN 45 kN
C

Cables & Arches5 Architectural Structures III F2007abn Cables & Arches6 Architectural Structures III F2007abn
Lecture 5 ARCH 631 Lecture 5 ARCH 631

Cable Loads Cable Loads

shape directly trig: Tx T cos
related to the
distributed load Ty T sin

parabolic (catenary)
distributed uniform load

y 4h( Lx x 2 ) / L2 y
h
2 4
Ltotal L( 1 8 3 h 2 32 5 h ) x L
L L4
Cables & Arches8 Architectural Structures III F2007abn
Cables & Arches7 Architectural Structures III F2007abn Lecture 5 ARCH 631
Lecture 5 ARCH 631

2
Cables & Tension Elements Cable Structures
typical cross sections categories
single drape
double
different curvature
same plane or
different
cases
Brooklyn Bridge
Multi-wire strand Dulles Terminal

Cables & Arches9 Architectural Structures III F2007abn Cables & Arches10 Architectural Structures III F2007abn
Lecture 5 ARCH 631 Lecture 5 ARCH 631

Brooklyn Bridge, Roebling 1883 Brooklyn Bridge, Roebling 1883

Cables & Arches 11 Architectural Structures III http:// nisee.berkeley.edu/godden F2009abn Cables & Arches12 Architectural Structures III F2007abn
Lecture 6 ARCH 631 Lecture 5 ARCH 631

3
Dulles Terminal, Saarinen 1962 Dulles Terminal, Saarinen 1962

Cables & Arches14 Architectural Structures III F2007abn

Cables & Arches13 Architectural Structures III F2007abn Lecture 5 ARCH 631
Lecture 5 ARCH 631

Cable-Stayed Structures Patcenter, Rogers 1986

diagonal cables support horizontal
spans
typically symmetrical
cases
Patcenter
Alamillo
Bridge

Cables & Arches 16 Architectural Structures III www.columnbia.edu F2009abn

Cables & Arches15 Architectural Structures III F2007abn
Lecture 5 ARCH 631 Lecture 6 ARCH 631

4
Patcenter, Rogers 1986 Patcenter, Rogers 1986
dashes cables pulling

Cables & Arches 17 Architectural Structures III www.columnbia.edu F2009abn Cables & Arches18 Architectural Structures III F2007abn
Lecture 6 ARCH 631 Lecture 5 ARCH 631

Alamillo Bridge, Calatrava 1992 Alamillo Bridge, Calatrava 1992

concrete mast
parallel cable stays
steel box beam spine in deck

http://en.structurae.de
Cables & Arches 19 Architectural Structures III F2009abn Cables & Arches20 Architectural Structures III F2007abn
Lecture 6 ARCH 631 Lecture 5 ARCH 631

5
Tensegrities Olympic Gymnastics Stadium
3D frame Geiger 1988
discontinuous struts
continuous cables

www.columnbia.edu
Free Ride Home Kenneth Snelson

Cables & Arches 21 Architectural Structures III F2009abn Cables & Arches 22 Architectural Structures III F2009abn
Lecture 6 ARCH 631 Lecture 6 ARCH 631

Olympic Gymnastics Stadium Florida Suncoast Dome, HOK 1989

Geiger 1988

Cables & Arches23 Architectural Structures III F2007abn Cables & Arches24 Architectural Structures III F2007abn
Lecture 5 ARCH 631 Lecture 5 ARCH 631

6
Florida Suncoast Dome, HOK 1989 Georgia Dome, Stainback 1992

Cables & Arches25 Architectural Structures III F2007abn Cables & Arches26 Architectural Structures III F2007abn
Lecture 5 ARCH 631 Lecture 5 ARCH 631

Georgia Dome, Stainback 1992 Arches

curvilinear form
efficient in compression
minimal bending stress

Cables & Arches27 Architectural Structures III F2007abn Cables & Arches28 Architectural Structures III F2007abn
Lecture 5 ARCH 631 Lecture 5 ARCH 631

7
Arches Arches
ancient ancient
stone stone
masonry masonry

Packhorse Bridge, UK

Rainbow Bridge National Monument

Lions Gate www.greatbuildings.com

Roman Aquaducts
Cables & Arches 29 Architectural Structures III F2009abn Cables & Arches 30 Architectural Structures III F2009abn
Lecture 6 ARCH 631 Lecture 6 ARCH 631

Arches Arches
terminology behavior
arch axis
stabilization
crown
rise resist thrust
extrados materials
intrados
stone
depth
spring line masonry
span concrete
skewback laminated wood
soffit
steel
Cables & Arches31 Architectural Structures III F2007abn Cables & Arches32 Architectural Structures III F2007abn
Lecture 5 ARCH 631 Lecture 5 ARCH 631

8
Arches Arches
behavior common forms
thrust related
to height to width

Cables & Arches33 Architectural Structures III F2007abn Cables & Arches34 Architectural Structures III F2007abn
Lecture 5 ARCH 631 Lecture 5 ARCH 631

Arches Arches
common variations requires lateral bracing
two hinged lateral ties
three hinged statically determinate diagonal ties

http:// nisee.berkeley.edu/godden
Cables & Arches35 Architectural Structures III F2007abn Cables & Arches 36 Architectural Structures III F2009abn
Lecture 5 ARCH 631 Lecture 6 ARCH 631

9
Arches Vaults
... bracing
lamellas

http:// nisee.berkeley.edu/godden
Cables & Arches37 Architectural Structures III F2007abn Cables & Arches 38 Architectural Structures III F2009abn
Lecture 5 ARCH 631 Lecture 6 ARCH 631

Vaults Domes
Crypt of the Colonia Gell - Gaudi arch of revolutionary design
resists
compressive
forces

Cables & Arches39 Architectural Structures III F2007abn Cables & Arches40 Architectural Structures III F2007abn
Lecture 5 ARCH 631 Lecture 5 ARCH 631

10
Domes Domes
materials & forms materials & forms
concrete concrete
masonry masonry
steel steel
Pantheon

Union Station Rotunda, Pittsburg

Cables & Arches 41 Architectural Structures III F2009abn Cables & Arches 42 Architectural Structures III F2009abn
Lecture 6 ARCH 631 Lecture 6 ARCH 631

Domes Domes
stresses and displacements Harvard GSD Palazzetto dello Sport -Nervi

Cables & Arches43 Architectural Structures III F2007abn Cables & Arches44 Architectural Structures III F2007abn
Lecture 5 ARCH 631 Lecture 5 ARCH 631

11