Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
by Yoseph.F
(Architectural Drafter)
ARCHITECTURAL Working DRAWING /Information handout/
1. PRESENTATION DRAWING
Communicate the form of the building in terms of shape, color and texture.
Such drawing presented to: -
a. Planning regulation offices for design approval.
b. The client
-To help him in understanding of the program.
- To show to him the relationship of spaces and the general concept of the design.
- To illustrate to him the general appearance of the building. (The accommodation
provided. The effect of the overall scheme on the environmental)
- To get approval from him
c. The public
-Produced for use in periodicals, magazines and other publications.
d. Jury members in the evaluation of design competition award.
SCHEMATIC DRAWINGS: -
- Concerned with the preliminary investigation process for a design. Provides, information about:
the site, immediate surrounding (adjoining structures, roads, services etc)
- Development the entire site, like circulation pattern.
- Rough idea of the functional
DESIGNE DRAWING
. Exterior features
2. WORKING DRAWING
-Such drawings more need to convey information about appearance because they presented for less
technically minded people. So the presentation should be easily understood and preferably three
dimensional representation (like-perspective), etc
Yoseph Fiseha |
ARCHITECTURAL Working DRAWING /Information handout/
Yoseph Fiseha |
ARCHITECTURAL Working DRAWING /Information handout/
1. FLOOR PLAN
The floor plan is the heart of architectural drawings and is usually drawn first in professional plans. It is the
plan to which all trades people refer. It is a top view horizontal section cut through the house about 1.00
1.50cm above the floor. The purpose of the floor plan is to show the location and dimensions of exterior
and interior walls, windows, doors, major appliances, cabinets, fireplaces, and other fixed features in the
house.
Upon completion of the preliminary sketches and proposal, a 1:50 1:100 scale floor plan is drawn which
is considerably more detailed than previous floor plans. Windows and doors are coded. All exterior walls,
interior walls, windows, and doors are dimensioned. To conserve time and paper, the electrical plan is
sometimes included on the floor plan. On more complex plans, the electrical plan, the heating/cooling
plan, and the plumbing plan are drawn separately.
You will have one drawing for the floor plan, and one for the electrical.
A. Certain information is required on the floor plan:
Exterior and interior walls
Size and location of windows and doors
Permanent fixtures, stairs, and fireplaces
Sidewalks, patios and decks
Room names and material symbols
Location and size dimensions
Scale of the drawing
B. When applicable, related structures such as freestanding garages or swimming pools
are shown on the floor plan
C. Walls should be drawn accurately. Exterior walls can be either 15cm or 20cm thick,
and interior walls should be 15cm thick. If you are using a brick veneer on the exterior
of the house, add 1 air space and an additional 33/4 for the brick.
D. Fireplaces or stairs require only basic size and location information on the floor plan.
(Special details will be included in the plans for these features.).
E. Floor plans should include several dimensions. Each wall is dimensioned from its
center architectural dimensions should be in chain fashion or continuous and tics should be
used
Yoseph Fiseha |
2. FOUNDATION PLAN
After finishing the floor plan, the same scale foundation plan is drawn. All students will draw a basement
foundation. The weight of a house is supported by footings extended into the ground. These footings are
concrete with steel reinforcing to reduce cracking. The footings must extend below the frost line. All this
information should be given in the foundation plan
A. The foundation plan is a plan view in sections, which shows the location and size of footings,
piers, columns, foundation walls, and supporting beams. It is usually drawn after the floor plan
and elevations have been roughed out.
B. A foundation plan contains: Footings (hidden lines) Foundation walls Piers and columns Dwarf
walls (low walls to retain excavation or an embankment) Partition walls, doors, and bath fixtures
(if the house has a basement) Openings in the foundation walls (doors, windows, and vents)
Beams and pilasters Direction, size, spacing of floor joists, drains, and sump (if required) Details of
the foundation and footing construction. Complete dimensions and notes scale of the drawing.
C. Foundation information should be presented using the proper symbology.
ARCHITECTURAL Working DRAWING /Information handout/
3. ELEVATIONS
An elevation is an orthographic drawing of the sides of the structure. The term elevation" usually refers to
an outside elevation
Various interior elevations are included in a set of plans (kitchen, bathroom, etc.), but these are referred to
as details. The purpose of an elevation is to show the finished appearance of the structure and vertical
height dimensions. Four Elevations are usually drawn, one for each of the sides of the house.
A. Required Information
Identification of the specific side of the house elevation
Grade line
Finish floor and ceiling levels (shown with phantom lines)
Windows and doors
Foundation (shown with hidden lines)
Vertical dimensions of important features
Porches, desks, patios, and material symbols
B. Elevation Identification
Each elevation must be identified. Two commonly used methods are (Front, Rear, Right
Side, and Left Side), or (North, South, East, and West). The first method is the preferred.
Right and left sides are determined by facing the front of the building. Identify each
elevation directly below the drawing to avoid confusion.
C. Grade Lines, Floor and Ceilings
1. The reference point for most elevations is the grade line. All features that are below the
grade line should be shown as hidden lines. Examples are foundation, footings and
window wells.
2. Floor to ceiling height should be shown. Two method are used:
a. Finished floor to finished ceiling distances. The typical distance from finished floor
to finished ceiling is 2.80m 3.00m.
b. The construction dimension or distance is from the top of the subfloor to the top
of the wall plate. In this case the construction dimension for the first floor is 8'1
1/8".
Sometimes second floors are 7'7 1/8". Carpenters prefer this method because it
saves them doing the calculations.
c. The top of the foundation must be 8" above the grade to protect framing members
from moisture.
d. Garage floors may be slightly higher than grade but should be at least 4" lower
than an interior when the garage is attached to the house.
D. Walls, Windows, Doors
1. Exterior walls, windows, and doors must be shown on elevations.
2. It is customary to make top of windows the same height as top of doors.
3. Usual door height is 6' 8" from the top of the subfloor to the lower face of the head jam.
4. Windows and doors should receive DETAILED presentation on elevations.
E. Roof Features
1. Roof style, pitch, chimney height, and chimney size are shown.
2. The roof pitch may be indicated using the fractional pitch or slope triangle.
3. Chimney height above the highest point should be dimensioned and is usually 20" above the
ridge.
4. Chimney flashings, roof covering material, and gable ventilation area shown.
F. Dimensions, Notes, and Symbols
1. Vertical height dimensions are shown including:
a. footing thickness
b. distance from footing to grade
Yoseph Fiseha |
ARCHITECTURAL Working DRAWING /Information handout/
Yoseph Fiseha |
4. SECTIONS
Section drawing is an orthographic projection that has been cut apart to show interior features.
PURPOSE
Generally, sectional drawings describe constructions materials and methods especially those things
hidden by wall or ceiling sheathing and are often the easiest way to describe a complex detail to a
contractor.
TYPES OF SECTIONS
1. STRUCTURAL SECTION
A structural section shows the entire building construction and also shows the interior spaces in
elevation.
2. WALL SECTION
Shows the construction of a typical wall to a larger scale than the structural section
3. DETAIL SECTION
Section views cut through a small segment of a building and drawn with enlarged scale
This are some of part are drawn in detail drawing
A. Window and door section
B. Stair section
C. Chimney section
D. Structural detail section
Sectional drawings are drawn in a scale of 1:50 or 1:100 in common working drawing but detail
section drawing are drawn in a scale 1:20 or 1:25 package. Sections are basically drawn referenced on plans
and elevations.
The number required varies according to the structural complicity of the particular building.
Note: - Before drawing section drawing we should first gather basic information including
Type of foundation
Floor system
Exterior and interior wall construction
Beam and column sizes and their materials
Wall height
Floor elevation
Floor members (sizes/ spacing)
Floor sheathing material and size
Ceiling size members /spacing
Roof pitch
Roof sheathing material and size
Roof material
After having this information it is easy to draw sectional drawing by projecting from floor plan drawing
- Thickness
- Back filling
-DPC
Yoseph Fiseha |
ARCHITECTURAL Working DRAWING /Information handout/
Yoseph Fiseha |
ARCHITECTURAL Working DRAWING /Information handout/
5. ROOF PLAN
Purpose: - explains the overall configuration of the roof and the elements that penetrate or rest on
the roofing membrane. a roof plan is usually one of the simplest drawings to make and is drawn at
the same scale at the floor plan.
1 All necessary building dimensions: over hangs, canopies and roof surfaces.
2 All dimensions to walls, column center lines or other permanent features.
3 Grid/modular planning lines
4 Levels of various point
5 Description of roof structure
6 Roof finishes (martial; size, thickness, gauge, pitch (slope))
7 Indicate drainage roof
a. Slopes to drains (directions of falls)
b. High and low points
c. Drains and leaders
8 Description and dimension of gutters & down pipes
9 Description and dimension
a. Parapet walls
b. Types of coping on walls and roofs
c. Roof eaves, ridges, up stands, valleys
10 Show all roof mounted mechanical equipment, smoke vent, access, panels and doors.
11 Show special paved areas, fences, railings, and chimneys.
12 Locate roof mounted such as, flagpoles, radio and TV antenna etc.
13 Building line (edge) in hidden while roof overhang in solid line
14 Partially show roof framing.
Yoseph Fiseha |
ARCHITECTURAL Working DRAWING /Information handout/
6. SITE PLAN
Site plan is the top view of building which shows the location of the house on the site (property) together
with information on terraces, walks, driveways, contours, swimming pool, patio, and utilities.
Yoseph Fiseha |
ARCHITECTURAL Working DRAWING /Information handout/
- Property lines
- Side yards, pears, front yard
- Street center line
- Length of walks and walls
- Dimensions of building to property line
Fences, structural retaining walls, area ways and pools
North arrow
Drainage lines
All existing paving weather to remain or to remove, new paving, parking lots, steps, platforms,
signs, play fields, foundations, etc
Tree, shrubs, if exist
Legend showing all symbols and materials and materials used on the site.
Yoseph Fiseha |
ARCHITECTURAL Working DRAWING /Information handout/
Yoseph Fiseha |
ARCHITECTURAL Working DRAWING /Information handout/
Yoseph Fiseha |
ARCHITECTURAL Working DRAWING /Information handout/
Yoseph Fiseha |