diffusion distance on svm semi classified pixel vectors to find hyperspectral d

imension
ltsa hyperspectral dimensionality reduction
Hessian LLE starts with identifying the k nearest neighbors for each datapoint x
i using Euclidean
distance. In the neighborhood, local linearity of the manifold is assumed. Hence
, a basis for the local
tangent space at point xi can be found by applying PCA on its k nearest neighbor
s xij
. In other words,
for every datapoint xi
, a basis for the local tangent space at point xi
is determined by computing the d
principal eigenvectors M = {m1, m2, . . . , md} of the covariance matrix cov(xi
). Note that the above
4Note that f(Y) = P
ijkyi - yj
k
2wij =
P
ij (kyi
k
2 + kyj
k
2 - 2yi
y
T
j
)wij =
P
i
kyi
k
2mii +
P
j
kyj
k
2mjj -
2
P
ij yi
y
T
j wij = 2Y
T MY - 2Y
TWY = 2Y
T LY
5The derivation can be found in [42].
9
requires that k = d. Subsequently, an estimator for the Hessian of the manifold
at point xi
in local
tangent space coordinates is computed. In order to do this, a matrix Zi
is formed that contains (in the
columns) all cross products of M up to the dth order (including a column with on
es). The matrix Zi
is orthonormalized by applying Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization [2]. The estimati
on of the tangent
Hessian Hi
is now given by the transpose of the last d(d+1)
2
columns of the matrix Zi
. U
tensor based random forest