The Cloudy, Foggy and Misty Internet of Things

Toward Fluid IoT Architectures

Angelo Corsaro, PhD
Chief Technology Officer
angelo.corsaro@prismtech.com
IoT Architectures Evolution
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Cloud-Centric Architectures
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 Cloud-Centric
Architectures
The majority of IoTslides
This systems
have been crafted by Angelo Corsaro
are today cloud-centric
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These systems are
characterised by device-to-
cloud communication and in-
cloud analytics
 Cloud-Centric
IoT Platforms
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The large majority of IoT
platform have been built
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with Cloud-Centric
architectures in mind

AWS IoT
 Challenges
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 Too many Devices
CISCO estimates an average *IDC
This slides have
of 6.6 devices per person been crafted by Angelo Corsaro
*CISCO
leading to 50B devices in
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2020.

IDC estimates 27.9 devices

per person leading to 212B
 Industrial IoT
Industrial IoT applications such
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as Smart Grids , Smart
Factories, Smart Farming,
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Connected Vehicles and Smart
Cities are not compatible with
the assumptions of Cloud
Centric Architectures
 Cloud-Centric
Architectures
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Assumption #1
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There is suicient
bandwidth to push data to
the Cloud.
 Smart Factory
0.5 TB of data
produced per day
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 Cloud-Centric
Architectures
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Assumption #2
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Connectivity is not an
issue. A device will (almost)
always be connected to the
cloud.
 dynamic pairing of devices
Autonomous
intermittent
connectivity Vehicles
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coordination of fast moving

autonomous vehicles
 Cloud-Centric
Architectures
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Assumption #3
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The latency induced by
cloud-centralised analytics
and control is compatible
with the dynamic of the IoT
system
 This slides have been crafted by Angelo Corsaro

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Latency
Constraints
 Cloud-Centric
Architectures
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Assumption #4
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The connectivity cost is

negligible
 Cost of connectivity is an
issue in Smart Grids as the
operator has to pay for the
2G/3G/4G data-link
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 Cloud-Centric
Architectures
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Assumption #5
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Industrial companies are
comfortable in exposing
their data to the cloud.
 This slides have been crafted by Angelo Corsaro

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 Fog-Centric Architectures
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 cloud

Fog-Centric
fog
Architectures fogcrafted by Angelo Corsaro
This slides have been fog

Fog Computing
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Architectures extend
elastic compute,
networking and storage
across the cloud through
to the edge of the network
Fog/MEC-Centric
IoT Platforms IOx
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IoT Platforms support for
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Fog /MEC computing is
rapidly emerging
 OpenFog
Consortium
The recently established
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OpenFog is accelerating
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expansion, convergence
and interoperability of Fog
computing infrastructures
[source: OpenFog Whitepaper http://bit.ly/openfog-wp]
 Challenges
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 What about
the Things?
[most of] Fog centric
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infrastructures rely on
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edge servers to provide
elastic compute, store and
communicate abstractions.
Yet, are incapable of
exploiting resources
available on the Things
 Mist-Centric Architectures
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 cloud

Mist-Centric
fog
Architectures fogcrafted by Angelo Corsaro
This slides have been fog

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Mist Computing
Architectures extend elastic
compute, networking and
storage across the Fog mist
mist mist
through to the Things
 cloudyfoggymisty
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 The Answer is
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 42This slides have been crafted by Angelo Corsaro

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 This slides have been crafted by Angelo Corsaro

maybe
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but that doesnt help

Lets do some more analysis
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 Technology Fragmentation
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 Cloud
Cloud
Servers

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Fog
Fog
Nodes

Mist Things
 Provisioning,
deployment & VM

Management
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The use
Any unitofofthese
provisioning
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and deployment ai ner
nt
supported by Cloud, Fog Co
n
and Mist infrastructure i c a t i o
le
p l n d
are dierent A p
B u
Data Access

Data Stores Data Streams

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Data at Rest Data in Movement
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near past
past

data flow
time

now-t now
Memory hierarchy
Everyone gives Thisfor granted
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that the memory
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hierarchy present in
computing systems should
be transparent

Why shouldn't the same be

true for data access in IoT
 Analytics
Dierent analytics
technologies
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have been crafted by Angelo Corsaro
applicable for Cloud, Fog
Any and Mist Computing
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As a result there is no
decoupling between the
algorithm and the
deployment!
 Map/Reduce
applicability
Most analytics framework
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built for cloud are based on
Map/Reduce
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Map/Reduce is applicable to
embarrassing parallel
computational problems.
These are a small subset of
analytics required in IoT!
 Whats the Answer?
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 Architectural
consistency
Architectural consistency
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and composability is key
to scale
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A unifying architectural
principle should be the
reference for IoT Platforms
 FLUID IOT
Architecture
The Fluid IoT Architecture
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eliminates the
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technological segregationthat does include me as Author/Co-Author is plagiary
created by Cloud, Fog and
Mist technologies and
abstracts compute, storage
and networking end-to-end
 Fluid IoT Manifesto
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FLUID IOT Platform
Allow users to express,
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provision and manage
computations operating over
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virtualised resources (e.g.
devices) and data
(potentially loads of these)
 Applications

Services
Smart City Management Preventive Maintenance

Vertical
IOT Platform Traffic Management

The Fluid IoT have been crafted by Angelo Corsaro

This slides

virtualisation
Analytics Visualisation

Platform

Security
Platform virtualises
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resources end-to-end Data Virtualisation Platform Management

and unies
abstractions Storage
virtualisation Compute Networking I/O

Security
Node Monitoring & Management
Node

OS

HW
FLUID IOT Platform
Fluid IoT Platform will provide
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uniform abstractions to
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provision, manage and does include me as Author/Co-Author is plagiary
deploy applications

Fluid IoT will virtualise data

access and unify analytics
across Cloud, Fog and Mist
 Provisioning,
deployment &
Management
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by Angelo Corsaro
d
A Fluid IoT Platform lu i
F dle
n
provides
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that does u
include
B me as Author/Co-Author is plagiary
provisioning, deploying and
managing bundles across
computational resources
that may be available on
Things, Edge Nodes of IaaS
Data Access
Virtualised Data Streams

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Data Stores Data Streams
Data that
Any use of these slides does include me as Data
at Rest in Movement is plagiary
Author/Co-Author
near past
past

data flow
time

now-t now
 Analytics
A Fluid IoT platform allows
to dene Analysts
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by Angelo Corsaro
u i d
l
independently of their F tic
y
a l
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n
deployment A

This strongly leverages the

Data Virtualisation
provided by the platform
Copyright PrismTech, 2015