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18:1909-1987
( Reaffirmed 2002 )
Indian Standard _
@ Copyright 1989
Gr 9 February 1989
-- -
IS : 1905- 1987 ,,,
Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
STRUCTURAL USEOF UNREINFORCED
MASONRY
( Third Revision ) /
0. FOR EWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard ( Third Revision ) was wind pressures, based upon requirements
f) Maximum allowable slenderness ratio for e) Criteria for working out effective length of
load bearing walls was increased; wall having openings has been modified.
g> In case of free-standing walls, height to *Specification for corn mon burnt clay building bricks
thickness ratios were indicated for different ( /ourrh revision ).
1
-.
Is : 1905 - 1987
f) Some general guidelines have been given amendments up to 1976. British Stand-
for dealing with concentrated loads for ards Institution.
design of walls.
BS 5628 : Part 1 : 1978 Code of practice
g) Provisions regarding cutting and chases in for structural use of masonry, Part 1
walls have been amplified. Unreinforced masonry. British Standards
Institution.
h) The title of the standard has been changed
0 CP 12 1 : Part 1 : 1973 Code of practice
for the sake of greater clarity. for walling, Part 1 Brick and block
0.5 The Sectional Committee responsible for masonry. British Standards Institution.
preparation of this standard has taken into g) Recommended practice for engineered
consideration views of all who are interested in brick masonry. Brick Institute of
this field and has related the standard to the America, 1969.
prevailing practices in the country. Due weight-
age has also been given to the need for inter- 0.6 It is assumed in this code that design of
national coordination among the standards and masonry work is done by qualified engineer and
practices prevailing in different countries of the that execution is carried out ( according to the
recommendations of this code read with other
2
Is : 1905 - 1987
4
ThlCKNESS OF PIER, tP
2.6 Effective Height - The height of a wall or 2.11.3 Wall Joint - A vertical joint parallel to
column to be considered for calculating slender- the face of the wall.
.!RCCSLAB
FIG. 2 MASONRYCURTAINWALL
IS : 1905 - 1987
2.17 Partition Wall - An interior non-load backing shall be provided by toothing, bonding or
bearing wall, one storey or part storey in height. other means.
2.18 Panel Wall - An exterior non-load bearing 2.21.3 Veneered Wall - A wall in which the
wall in framed construction, wholly supported facing is attached to the backing but not so
at each storey but subjected to lateral loads. bonded as to result in a common action under
load.
2.19 Shear Wall - A wall designed to carry
horizontal forces acting in its plane with or 3. MATERIALS
without vertical imposed loads.
3.1 Masonry Units - Masonry units used in
2.20 Slenderness Ratio of effective height
Ratio - construction shall comply with the following
or effective length to effective thickness of a standards:
masonry element.
Bbuf:ctk;lay building IS : 1077-19864
2.21 Types of Walls or IS : 2180-1985T
2.21.1 Cavity Wall - A wall comprising two or IS : 2222-1979:
leaves, each leaf being built of masonry units and Stones ( in regular IS : 3316-1874s
sized units ) or IS : 3620-19791
[STONE FACING
CONGfElE BLOCK
SACKING
BRICU
FACING
Concrete blocks ( solid IS : 2185 (Part I)-1979* 4.2 Lateral Supports and Stability
and hollow ) or IS : 2185 (Part 2)-
4.2.1 Lateral Supports - Lateral supports for
19837
a masonry element such as load bearing wall or
Lime based blocks IS : 31151978; column are intended to:
Burnt clay hollow blocks IS : 3952-19785 a) limit slenderness of a masonry element so
Gypsum partition blocks IS : 2849-198311 as to prevent or reduce possibility of
buckling of the member due to vertical
Autoclaved cellular IS : 2 185 (Part 3)- loads; and
concrete blocks 19847
b) resist horizontal components of forces so
NOTE 1 -Gypsum partition blocks are used as to ensure stability of a structure against
only for construction of non-load bearing partition overturning.
walls.
4.2.1.1 Lateral support may bein the vertical
NOTE 2 - Use of other masonry units, such as or horizontal direction, the former consisting of
precast stone blocks, not covered by the above speci-
fications, can also be permitted based on test results. floor/roof bearing on the wall or properly
anchored to the same and latter consisting of
3.2 Mortar - Mortar for masonry shall comply a) In case of a wall, where slenderness ratio
with the requirements of IS : 2250-1981**. is based on effective height, any of the
following constructions are provided:
3.2.1 Mix proportions and compressive stren-
gths of some of the commonly used mortars are 1) RCC floor/roof slab ( or beams and
given in Table 1. slab), irrespective of the direction of
span, bears on the supported wall as
well as cross walls to the extent of at
4. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
least 9 cm;
4.1 General - Masonry structures gain stability
from the support offered by cross walls, floors, 2) RCC floor/roof slab not bearing on the
roof and other elements such as piers and supported wall or cross wall is anchored
Load bearing walls are structurally to it with non-corrodible metal ties of
buttresses
more efficient when the load is uniformly distri- 60 cm length and of section not less
butcd and the structure is so planned that than 6 x 30 mm, and at intervals not
eccentricity of loading on the members is as exceeding 2 m as shown in Fig. 4; and
small as possible. Avoidance of eccentric loading Timber floor/roof, anchored by non-
by providing adcquatc bearing of floor/roof on
3)
corrodible metal ties of length 60 cm
the walls pt oviding adequate stiffness in slabs and and of minimum section 6 x 30 mm,
avoiding lixity at the supports, etc, is especially securely fastened to joists and built
important in load bearing walls in multistorey into walls as shown in Fig. 5 and 6.
structures. These matters should receive careful The anchors shall be provided in the
consideration during the planning stage of direction of span of timberjoists as well
masonry structures. as in its perpendicular direction, at
.
-__ ~~~___ ~_. intervals of not more than 2 m in
*Specificntion for concrete masonry units: Part 1 buildings up to two storeys and 1.25 m
Hollow and solid concrete blocks ( s?cond revision ). for buildings more than two storeys in
+Specification for concrete masonry units : Part 2 height;
.
Hollow and solid lightweight concrete blocks (first
revision ). NOTE 1 - In case, precast RCC units are used for
SSpecification for lime based blocks (first revision ). floors and roofs, it is necessary to interconnect them
and suitably anchor them to the cross walls so that
@pecification for burnt clay hollow blocks for walls they can transfer lateral forces to the cross-walls.
and partit ions ( firsr revision ).
NOTE 2 - In case of small houses of conventional
llSpecitication for non-load bearing gypsum partition designs, not exceeding two storeys in height, stiffening
blocks ( solid and hollow types) (first revision ). effect of partitions and cross walls is such that metal
Wpecilication for concrete masonry units : Part 3 anchors are normally not necessary in case of timber
Autoclaved cellular ( aerated ) concrete blocks (first floor/roof and precast RCC floor/roof units.
revision ).
**Code of practice for praparation and use of masonry b) In case of a wall, when slenderness ratio
mortars (first revision ). is based on its effective length; a cross
TABLE 1 MIX PROPORTION AND STRENGTH OF MORTARS FOR MASONRY
( Clause 3.2.1 )
c 0 1 (LP-40) 0 22:;
M3 : 0
3B 8 0 1; :::
1.5
7 0
0 :g
1 C.orB 0 02 31
:*:
10 0. Y(LP-40) : Y 1:5
Ll 0 0
1B : I ; x:;
1 CorB 0.7
1(LP-40) 0 :,
0 ;:;
1 (LP-20) 0 1)
L2 0 1B 0 0 3 0.5
05
: 0ICorB 01 (LP-7) t! 05
NOTE 1 - Sand for making mortar should be well graded. In case sand is not well graded, its proportion
shall be reduced in order to achieve the minimum specified strength.
NOTE 2 - For mixes in SI No. I and 2, use of lime is not essential from consideration of strength as it
does not result in increase in strength. However, its use is highly recommended since it improves workability.
NOTJJ~- For mixes in SI No. 3(a), 4(a). 5(a) and 6(a), either lime C or B to the extent of l/4 part of
cement (by volume) or some plasticizer should be added for improving workability.
NOTE 4- For mixes in Sl No. 4(b) and 5(b), lime and sand should first be ground in mortar mill and then
cement added to coarse stuff.
NoTE 5 - It is essential that mixes in Sl No. 4(c), 4(d), 4(e), 5(d), 5(e), 6(b), 6(c), 7(a) and 7(b) are prepared
by grinding in a mortar mill.
NOTE 6 - Mix in Sl No. 2(b) has been classified to be of same grade as that of Sl No. 2(a), mixes in SI No.
3(b) and 3(c) same as that in Sl No. 3(a) and mixes in SI No. 4(b) to 4(f) same as that in SI No. 4(a), even though
their compressive strength is less. This is from consideration of strength of masonry using different mix
proportions.
NOTE 7 - A, B and C denote eminently hydraulic lime, semi-hydraulic lime and fat lime respectively as
soecified in relevant Indian Standards.
6
lS:190!5-1987
WALL
FIG. 4 ANCHORING OF RCC SLAB WITH.MASONRY
( WHEN SLAB DOESNOT BEAR ON WALL )
FIG. 5 TYPICALDETAILSFORANCHORAGE
OF SOLID WALLS /
7 ,
Is : 1905- 1987
METAL ANCHOR
FIXED TO JOIST
STEEL DOWEL
CONCRETE PAD TO
SUIT BRICK COUR
METAL ANCHOR
TURNED DOWN
BETWEEN CONCRETE
UNITS
(i) (ii 1
8
/
I!3:1905-1987
r
t-3_ e OR 90mm
*WHICHEVER IS GREATER
WALL TO BE
$fIffEMED~
9
C
I!3:1905-1987
MINIMUM THICKNEIS HEIGHT OF THE GROUND 4.2.2.7 Walls mainly subjected to lateral loads
i%h OF BASEMENTWALL
( NOMINAL)
ABOVE BASEMENT FLCJOR
LEVELWITHWALL LQADING
(PERMANENTLOAD)
a) Free-standing wall - A free-standing wall
r----h---?
such as compound wall or parapet wall is
More than Less than acted upon by wind force which tends to
50 kN/m 50 kN/m overturn it. This tendency to overturning
(1) (2) (3) (4)
is resisted by gravity force due to self-
cm m
weight of wall, andalso by flexural moment
m
of resistance on account of tensile strength
of masonry. Free-standing walls shall thus
be designed as in 5.5.2.1. If mortar used
10
IS : 1905 - 1987 (
for masonry can not be relied upon for TABLE 4 EFFECTIVE HEIGHT OF WALLS
taking flexural tension ( see 5.4.2 ), stability
of free-standing wall shall be ensured such ( CIUUX 4.3.1 )
that stability moment of wall due to self- CONDITION OF SUPPORT EFFECTIVE
weight equals or exceeds 1.5 times the Z-6. HEIQHT
overturning moment. (1) (2) (3)
b) Retaininp wall - Stability for retaining 1. Lateral as well as rotational restraint 075 zi
walls shall normally be achieved through (that is, full restraint) at top and
gravity action but flexural moment of bottom. For example, when the
resistance could also be taken advantage floor/roof spans on the walls so that
reaction to load of floor/roof is pro-
of under special circumstances at the vided by the walls, or when an RCC
discretion of the designer ( see 5.4.2 ). floor/roof has bearing on the wall
(minimum 9 cm ), irrespective of
the direction of the span ( founda-
4.3 Effective Height tion footings of a wall give lateral as
well as rotational restraint)
4.3.1 Wall - Effective height of a wall shall
be taken as shown in Table 4 (see Fig. 11). 2. Lateral as well as rotational restraint 0.85 H
( that is, full restraint ) at one end
4.4 Effective Length - Effective length of a wall TABLE 5 EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF WALLS-Conrd
shall be as given in Table 5.
CONDITIONSOF SUPPORT
Z. (see Fro. 13) ~~~
12
<
Is:1905-1987
Y x
-e+
Y
.Y X X
Y
EFFECTIVE HElGHT
X Y
ONLV
HI
I
4.5 Effective Thickness - Effective thickness to shah be made when slenderness ratio is to be
be used for calculating slenderness ratio of a wall based on effective length of walls.
or column shall be obtained as in 4.5.1 to 4.5.4.
4.5.3 For solid walls or faced walls stiffened
4.5.1 For solid walls, faced walls or columns, by cross walls, appropriate stiffening coefficient
effective thickness shall be the actual thickness. may be determined from Table 6 on the assump-
tion that the c oss walls are equivalent to piers of
4.5.2 For solid walls adequately bonded into width equal t d the thickness of the cross wall and
piers/buttresses, effective thickness for determin- of thickness equal to three times the thickness of
ing slenderness ratio based on effective height stiffened wall.
shall be the actual thickness of wall multiplied
by stiffening coefficient as given in Table 6. No 4.5.4 For cavity walls with both leaves of
modification in effective thickness, however, uniform thickness throughout, effective thickness
13
u
I .O.SL
13A 13B
.<I. ,,g
I. 1.5L2
13E 13F
14
/
thickness or effective length divided by the 5.2.1 Dead Loads - Dead loads shall be calcu-
effective thickness, whichever is less. In case of a lated on the basis of unit weights taken in
load bearing wall, slenderness ratio shall not accordance with IS : 1911-1967*.
exceed that given in Table 7.
5.2.2 Live Loaa!s and Wind Loads - Design
loads shall be in accordance with the recommenda-
TABLE 7 MAXIMUM SLENDERNESS RATIO FOR tions of IS : 875-1964t or such other loads and
A LOAD BEARING WALL forces as may reasonably be expected to be
No. OF STOREYS
imposed on the structure either during or after
MAXIMUMSLENDERNESS
RATIO
c---~_-_-_ construction.
Using Portland Using Lime NOTE - During construction, suitable measures
Cement or Portland Mortar shall be taken to ensure that masonry is not liable to
Pozzolana Cement damage of failure due to action of wind forces,
in Mortar back filling behind walls or temporary construction
loads.
(1) (2) (3)
5.2.3 Seismic Loads - For buildings to be
Not exceeding 2 27 20
Exceeding 2 27 13 constructed in seismic zones I and II ( see IS :
1893-1984: ), it is not necessary to consider
seismic forces in design calculations. In seismic
15
L
IS:l905-l987
16
.. .,. ..
IS : 1905 - 1987 --,.
55.4 Walls Subjected fo In-Plane Bending and determined from consideration of strength
Vertical Loads (Shear Walls) - Walls subjected and stability may hot always be adequate in
to in-plane bending and vertical loads, that is, respect of other requirements such as resistance
shear walls shall be designed on the basis of to fire, thermal insulation, sound insulation and
no-tension, permissible shear stress and permissi- resistance to damp penetration for which refer-
ble compressive stress. ence may be made to the appropriate Indian
Standards, and thickness suitably increased, where
5.5.5 Non-load Bearing Walls- Non-load bear- found necessary.
ing walls, such as panel walls, curtain. walls and
partition walls which are mainly subjected to
lateral loads, according to present state bf art, 6.3 Workmanship
are not capable of precise design and only 6.3.1 General - Workmanship has considera-
approximate methods based on some tests are
ble effect on strength of masonry and bad
available. Guidelines for approximate design of
workmanship may reduce the strength of brick
these walls are given in Appendix D.
masonry to as low as half the intended strength.
The basic compressive stress values for masonry
6. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS as given in Table 8 would hold good for commer-
cially obtainable standards of workmanship with
f) Deviation from the specified thickness of 6.5.3.5 Holes for supporting put-logs of
bed-joints, cross-joints and perpends shall scaffolding shall be kept away from bearings of
not exceed one-fifth of the specified beams, lintels and other concentrated loads. If
thickness. unavoidable, stresses in the affected area shall be
checked to ensure that these are within safe
NOTE- These tolerances have been specified from limits.
point of view of their effect on the strength of maso-
nry. The permissible stresses recommended in 5.3 6.5.3.6 No chase, recess or hole shall be
may be considered applicable only if these tolerances provided in any stretch of a masonry wall, the
are adhered to. length of which is less than four times the thick-
6.4 Joints to Control Deformation and Cracking - ness of wall, except when found safe by struc-
Special provision shall be made to control tural analysis.
or isolate thermal and other movements so that 6.5.3.7 Masonry directly above a recess or
damage to the fabric of the building is avoided a hole, if wider than 30 cm, shall be supported
and its structural sufficiency preserved. Design on a lintel. No lintel, however, is necessary in
and installation of joints shall be done according case of a circular recess or a hole exceeding
to the appropriate recommendations of IS : 3414- 30 cm in diameter provided upper half of the
1968*. recess or hole is built as a semi-circulhr arch of
adequate thickness and there is adequate length
20
Is:1905-1987
APPENDIX A
( Clause 4.7 )
A-l. Where a reinforced concrete roof and floor independent slabs spanning from both sides,
slab of normal span (not exceeding 30 times the provided the span of the floor on one side does
thickness of wall) bear on external masonry not exceed that on the other by more than I5
walls, the point of application of the vertical percent. Where the difference is greater, the
loading shall be taken to be at the centre of the displacement of the point of application of each
bearing on the wall. When the span is more floor load shall be taken as one-sixth of its
than 30 times the thickness of wall, the point of bearing width on the wall and the resultant
application of the load shall be considered to be eccentricity calculated therefrom.
displaced from the centre of bearing towards the
A-5. For timber and other lightwight floors,
span of the floor to an extent of one-sixth the
bearing width. even for full width bearing on pall, an eccentri-
city of about one-sixth may be assumed due to
A-2. In case of a reinforced concrete slab of deflection. For timber floors with larger spans,
normal span (that is, less than 30 times the that is, more than 30 times the thickness of the
APPENDIX B
( Clause 5.4.1 )
21
I____ .._
IS : 1905 - 1987
22
IS : 1905- 1987
APPENDIX D
( CZause5.5.5 )
c) When either there are no window openings 3) Where the length of the panel is over
or windows are of hole-in-wall type, the 40 times and less than 60 times the
panel is considered to be simply supported thickness, the height plus twice the
on all four edges. In this case also, length may not exceed 135 times the
amount of maximum bending moment thickness;
depends on height to length ratio of panel b) walls with adequate lateral restraint at
and ratio (p) of flexural strength of maso- both ends and at the top:
nry in vertical direction to that in the
horizontal direction. Approximate values 1) The panel may be of any height,
for maximum bending moment in the provided the length does not exceed 40
1i horizontal direction for masonry with times the thickness; or
23
/
--- -------
h
IS:1905 - 1987
2) The panel may be of any length, pro- at the top but not at the ends, the panel
vided the height does not exceed 30 may be of any length, provided the height
times the thickness; or does not exceed 30 times the thickness.
3) Where the length of the panel is over
40 times and less than 110 times the D-3.2 Strength of bricks used in partition walls.
thickness, the length plus three times should not be less than 3.5 N/mm2 or the strength
the height should not exceed 200 times of masonry units used in adjoining mavonry,
the thickness; and whichever _is less.
__A Grade of mortar should not
c) When walls have adequate lateral restraint be leaner than M1.
APPENDIX E
( Clasue 7.1 )
E-l. The following notations, letter symbols and kp = Shape modification factor
abbreviations shall have the meaning_ indicated k, = Stress reduction factor
against each, unless otherwise specified. in the = Actual length of wall
L
text of the standard:
Ll, L2 = Lower strength mortars
A = Area of a section
Ml, M2 = Medium strength mortars
b = Width of bearing
P = Total horizontal load
DPC = Damp proof course = Plinth level
PL
= Resultant eccentricity = Reinforced cement concrete
RCC
4;b = Basic compressive stress RS = Rolled steel
fc = Permissible compressive stress of piers/buttresses/cross
SIJ = S;;Fg
fd = Compressive stress due to dead
loads
SR = Slenderness ratio
_fs = Permissible shear stress 1 = Actual thickness
yrn = Compressive strength of masonry
( in prism test ) tP = Thickness of pier
GL = Ground level tw = Thickness of wall
H = Actual height between lateral W = Resultant load
supports Wl - Axial load
H = Height of opening = Eccentric load
WZ
HI, H2 = High strength mortars wp = Width of piers/buttresses/crosswalls
h = Effective height between lateral /1 = Ratio of flexural strength of wall in
supports the vertical direction to that in the
k, = Area factor horizontal direction.
Bureau of Indian Standards
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harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods
and attending to connected matters in the uxntry.
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