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CAPTULO 2
2.4 Viscosidade
CAPTULO 3
gradp + g =0 (3.3)
p
+ g x = 0
x
p
+ g y = 0 (3.4)
y
p
+ g z = 0
z
dp
= g (3.6)
dz
r 'FR = r dF = r pd A
(3.11)
Fz = Az ghdA z = gd = g
Fz = dFz = gd = g
(3.15)
p
+ g x = ax
x
p
+ g y = ay (3.17)
x
p
+ g z = az
x
1
= r + +k (3.19)
r r z
p 1 p p
gradp = p = r + +k
r r z
CAPTULO 4
dM
=0 (4.1a)
dt sistema
Q = dE
W (4.4a)
dt sistema
V2
e =u+ + gz (4.4c)
2
4.1.5 A Segunda Lei da Termodinmica
Q
dS
T
dS 1
Q (4.5a)
dt sistema T
dN
= VC d + SC V dA (4.11)
dt sistema t
0= VC d + SC V dA
t
(4.13)
(4.45)
[
r FS + VC r gd + Teixo VC r 2 V xyz + ( r ) + r d ]
= VC r V xyz d + SC r V xyz V xyz dA (4.53)
t
V2
W
Q W
S
cisalhamen to
W outros = VC ed + SC
u + p + + gz V dA
(4.57)
t 2
.
1 Q
VC sd+SC sV dA SC dA (4.59)
t T A
CAPTULO 5
u w
+ + + =0 (5.1a)
x z t
V + =0
t
(5.1b)
1 ( rVr ) 1 ( V ) ( Vz )
+ + + =0
r r r z t
(5.2)
Du u u u u
a xp = =u + +w + (5.11a)
Dt x y z t
D
a yp = =u + +w + (5.11b)
Dt x y z t
Dw w w w w
a zp = =u + +w + (5.11c)
Dt x y z t
Vr V Vr V2 Vr Vr
a rp = Vr + + Vz + (5.12a)
r r r z t
V V V Vr V V V
a p = Vr + + + Vz + (5.12b)
r r z z t
Vz V Vz Vz Vz
a zp = Vr + + Vz + (5.12c)
r r z t
d d d u
+ = = + (5.19)
dt dt dt x y
xx yx
dF x = dFB x + dFS x = g x + + + zx dxdydz
(5.23a)
x y z
xy yy zy
dF y = dFB y + dFS y = g y + + + dxdydz
(5.23b)
x y z
yz zz
dFz = dFB z + dFS z = g z + xz + + dxdydz
(5.23c)
x y z
xx yx u u u u
g x + + + zx =
t + u x + y + w z
(5.24a)
x y z
xy yy zy
g y + + + = +u + +w (5.24b)
x y z t x y z
xz yz zz w w w w
g z + + + +u + +w (5.24c)
x y z t x y z
D p u 2 w
= g y +
+
+
2 V
+
(5.26b)
Dt y x y x y y 3 z z y
Dw p w u w w 2
= g z + + +
z y
+ z 2 V (5.26c)
Dt z x x z y z 3
u u u u p 2u 2u 2u
+u + +w = g x + 2 + + (5.27a)
t x y z x x y 2 z 2
p 2 2 2
+u + +w = g y + 2 + +
2 (5.27b)
t x y z y 2
x y z
w w w w p 2 w 2 w 2 w
+u + +w = g z + + + (5.27c)
t x y z z x
2
y 2 z 2
CAPTULO 6
p u u u u
g x =
+u + +w (6.1a)
x t x y z
p
g y =
+u + +w (6.1b)
y t x y z
p w w w w
g z =
+u + +w
z t x y z
(6.1c)
DV
g p = (6.2)
Dt
1
gz p =
DV
Dt
=
V
t
+ V V( ) (6.3)
1 p Vr Vr V Vr Vr V2
gr = ar = + Vr + + Vz
r t r r z r
(6.4a)
1 p V V V V V V V
g = a = + Vr + + Vz + r (6.4b)
r t r r z r
1 p Vz Vz V Vz Vz
gz = az = + Vr + + Vz (6.4c)
z t r r z
1 p z V V
g = +V (6.5a)
s s t s
1 p z V2
+g = (6.6a)
n n R
p0 V 02 p V 2 V 02
+ = + ; onde : =0
2 2 2
1
p0 = p + V 2 (6.12)
2
CAPTULO 7
g( q1, q 2 , , q n ) = 0
G( 1, 2 , , nm ) = 0
VD VD V
Re = = Fr =
v gL
VL VL V 2 L
Re = = We =
v
p
Eu = V
1 M=
V 2 c
2
7.5.2 Lei das Escalas com Parmetros Mltiplos Dependentes
Q1 Q2
3
= 3 (7.3)
1D1 2D 2
H1 H2
= (7.4)
12 D12 22 D 22
1 2
= (7.5)
113 D15 2 32D 52
CAPTULO 8
1
= udA
A rea
L VD
0,06 (8.1)
D
a 2 p y y
2
u= (8.5)
2 x a a
Vazo em Volume
Q
l
= a0 (
1 p 2
y ay dy
2 x
)
Q 1 p 3
= a (8.6b)
l 12 x
Q 1 p 3 a3 p
= a = (8.6c)
l 12 L 12 L
Uy a 2 p y y
2
u= + (8.8)
a 2 x a a
Vazo em Volume
Q Uy 1 p 2
= a + y ay dy
l 0 a 2 x
R 4 p pR 4 pD 4
Q = = = (8.13c)
8 L 8L 128 L
du
= u' ' (8.17)
dy
du
= u' ' (8.18)
dy
u yu *
u+ = = = y+ (8.19)
u*
u yu
= 2,5 ln * + 5,0 (8.20)
u*
1/ n 1/ n
u y r
= = 1 (8.22)
U R R
V
A
3
dA
=
V2
m
(8.25b)
p1 V2 p V2
+ 1 1 + gz1 2 + 2 2 + gz 2 = h l (8.28)
T
2 2
Escoamento Turbulento
L V2
hl = f (8.32)
D 2
64
f la min ar =
Re
(8.33)
1 e D 2,51
0,5
= 2,0 log + (8.37a)
f 3,7 Re f 0,5
2
e D 5,74
f 0 = 0,25 log +
0,9
(8.37
3,7 Re
CAPTULO 9
u 1 u dy
* = 0 1 dy 0 (9.1)
U U
0,332 U 2
w = 0,332 U U x = (9.14)
Re x
w 0,664
Cf = =
1 2 Re x (9.15)
U
2
1
u y 7 1
= = 7 (9.24)
U
w 0,0594
Cf = =
1 1 (9.27)
U 2 Re x 5
2
dFcisalhamen to = w dA
dFpresso = dA
9.7 Arrasto
FD
CD
1 (9.30)
V 2 A
2
9.8 Sustentao
FL
CL
1 (9.38)
V 2 A P
2