List of FYPI Titles for September, 2016 (98 titles)

Title Project Title Project Background Problem Statements Objectives Equipments/Tool

No to be used
1 Modeling of The solubility of gases, namely hydrofluorocarbon, There are, approximately. 1.To predict the - High
hydrofluoroc in ionic liquids are important in evaluating these billion number of Henrys constant of performance data
arbon fluids as solvents for reactions involving permanent potential ionic liquids, hydrofluorocarbon analysis
solubility in gases, as gas storage media, and as solvents for gas hence, in this project, gas in ionic liquid
ionic liquids separations. Gas solubilities are also important in screening method is using COSMO-RS2. - COSMO-RS
using developing methods to separate solutes from ionic proposed for the 2. To screen and (provided by
COSMO-RS liquid solutions. Therefore, this project will be molecular design of ionic identify the best ionic CICECO, Aveiro
carried out aiming at screening the potential ionic liquids to capture liquid as absorbent Institute of
liquids as media to capture industrial and hydrofluorocarbon, which for Materials,
hazardous hydrofluorocarbon gases. In addition, can reduce efficiently the hydrofluorocarbon University of
focus is placed on efforts to tailor ionic liquids to necessary experimental gas. Aveiro, Portugal).
enhance the solubilities of hydrofluorocarbon in efforts.
these unique fluids.

Internal
 2 Gas Hydrate In natural gas transmission and processing, gas In natural gas Screening of inhibitor Gas Hydrate
Mitigation hydrate formation is a major flow assurance transmission and and promoterGas Reactor
challenge. If not mitigated early, it could cause processing, gas hydrate hydrate
catastrophic blockages and restrictions leading to formation is a major flow characterization of
the impairment of flow. assurance challenge. If selected
not mitigated early, it chemicalsCompariso
could cause catastrophic n study of selected
blockages and restrictions chemical with
leading to the conventional
impairment of flow. chemical.
Conventional hydrate
mitigation methods are
either inefficient or
required huge amount of
chemical solvents
resulting in high
operation cost and high
environmental impact of
operating gas and oil
facilities. Thus,
environment friendly and
low dosage gas hydrate
inhibition technology is
required.

Internal
 3 Gas Hydrate In natural gas transmission and processing, gas In natural gas Screening of inhibitor Gas Hydrate
Formation hydrate formation is a major flow assurance transmission and and promoterGas Reactor
challenge. If not mitigated early, it could cause processing, gas hydrate hydrate
catastrophic blockages and restrictions leading to formation is a major flow characterization of
the impairment of flow. assurance challenge. If selected
not mitigated early, it chemicalsCompariso
could cause catastrophic n study of selected
blockages and restrictions chemical with
leading to the conventional
impairment of flow. chemical.
Conventional hydrate
mitigation methods are
either inefficient or
required huge amount of
chemical solvents
resulting in high
operation cost and high
environmental impact of
operating gas and oil
facilities. Thus,
environment friendly and
low dosage gas hydrate
inhibition technology is
required.

Internal
4 Exploring the Oils extracted from plants can be chemically Past research have 1. To synthesize the 1. Beakers 2.
Characteristic transformed into modified oils. These chemically revealed that Epoxidized Moringa Retort stand3.
s of Moringa modified plant oils can be utilized as raw material unsaturated plant oils Oleifera oil Agitator4. Water
Oleifera Seed for a multitude of uses and their production in such as soybean oil, palm 2. To Charaterize the bath5. Digital
Oil and Its industries have become increasingly attractive over oil, soybean oil, flax oil, Moringa Oleifera oil thermocouple6.
Potential recent years. In the chemical industry, one of the canola oil, sunflower oil, 3. To analyze the Weighing balance
Application chemical processes generally employed to produce safflower oil, cottonseed produced Epoxidized 7. Stopwatch
as Epoxidized modified plant oils is epoxidation. Most of the oil and others oils, can be Moringa Oleifera oil 8. Separating
Oils plant oils have high contents of unsaturated fatty epoxidized to produce funnel
acids, which can be converted into epoxides epoxidized oils.The seed 9. Aluminium foil
through conventional epoxidation process. In this oil extracted from 10. Hot plate
research, an attempt will be made to study the use Moringa Oleifera, a tree
of Moringa Oleifera seed oil as starting material for which grows rapidly even
epoxidation process. Moringa oleifera has an high in poor soil and can be
degree of unsaturation, with iodine value of 65, easily grown in Malaysia,
and therefore will be utilized as raw material to will be used to explore its
produce the epoxidized oil. The epoxidation potential application as
mechanism between Moringa Oleifera seed oil and epoxidized oils.
in situ formed peroxyacetic acid will be
experimentally explored.

Internal
 5 CFD Palm kernel shell (PKS) is used as a feedstock to The location of the 1. To determine the 1. ANSYS CFX
MODELING produce biochar through carbonization process, combustion ports that are temperature profile software
where it is being indirectly heated at high currently designed for the and thermal behavior (available in UTP
Investigation temperature in an oven known as carbonization carbonator is believed to of the gas/air Chem Eng PC
on the chamber or carbonator. In the current design of be the main cause on why combustion of Block 5)
Thermal the carbonator, uniform heating rate is unable to the heating rate inside natural inside the
Distribution be achieved due to the non-uniform distribution of the chamber to be non- current design of
in the heat along the chamber subjected to the uniform, causing the combustion ports on
Carbonization combustion of fuel and the location of the production of biochar the carbonization
Chamber combustion ports. As a result, the synthesis of from PKS is lower than chamber
subjected to biochar achieved a low yield, where the quality of anticipated. thus
Combustion the desired product is not as per desired. In order triggering lower quality of 2. To propose a new
Process to solve this matter, computational fluid dynamics product. Overall heat design of the
(CFD) approach is utilized to provide an insight on transfer coefficient is also combustion ports
the current behavior of the combustion process unknown, which that would achieve
inside the chamber. The simulation outcome will contribute to the optimum thermal
be able to predict, forecast and analyze the process ambiguity of operational distribution in that
output such as temperature distribution and flow cost to achieve better will contribute to
properties across the carbonator, where further yield of biochar subjected higher yield of
optimization on the heating process could be done. to a higher thermal biochar synthesized.
Furthermore, a new system would be proposed in operation. It is expected
order to gain an optimum thermal distribution that CFD analysis would
where the anticipated high yield of biochar could be able to predict the
be accomplished. behavior of the
combustion process
inside the carbonator,
which would optimize the
operation to a better
state.

Internal
 6 "MODELING BENZENE PLANT OFFERS A GOOD PROSPECT FOR THE PINCH DESIGN 1. NEW PINCH 1. ASPEN HYSYS
AND DESIGN HEAT INTEGRATION DUE TO HEAVY ENERGY TECHNIQUE ASSUMES TARGETING PROCESS
OF HEAT SUPPLY TO REACTOR AND COOLING SUPPLY TO CONSTANT HEAT TECHNIQUE SIMULATOR
EXCHANGER PRODUCT RECOVERY AND RECYCLES. THIS PROJECT CAPACITY OVER A RANGE
NETWORK SHALL CONSTRUCT A SIMULATION OF THE OF TEMPERATURE IN ITS 2. HEAT EXCHANGER
FOR A BENZENE PLANT AND EMPLOYS AN IMPROVED ANALYSIS. IN REALITY, NETWORK DESIGN
BENZENE PINCH TECHNIQUE TO TARGET AND DESIGN AN HEAT CAPACITY FOR
PLANT" OPTIMUM HEAT EXCHANGER NETWORK. SOME PROCESS STREAMS
VARY WITH
TEMPERATURE AND
PRESSURE. THE EFFECT
OF PRESSURE AND
TEMPERATURE ON THE
MINIMUM HEATING
(Qh,MIN) AND COOLING
(Qc,MIN) TARGETS IN
PINCH DESIGN
TECHNIQUE HAS NOT
BEEN EXPLORED.

Internal
 7 SIMULATION END FLASH SYSTEM IS A SIGNIFICANT COMPONENT VAPOUR GENERATION AT 1. NEW PROCESS ASPEN HYSYS
AND IN LNG PROCESS FLOW SCHEME. THE POST END- END FLASH SECTION OF SCHEME PROCESS
ANALYSIS OF FLASH VAPOUR TYPICALLY REQUIRES ENERGY AN LNG LIQUEFACTION SIMULATORMS
AN END INTENSIVE COMPRESSION UNITS TO RE-LIQUEFY PROCESS PRESENTS A EXCEL
FLASH THE PRODUCT GRADE NG VAPOUR. THE SIGNIFICANT ECONOMIC
PROCESS ECONOMIC LOSSES IN CONVENTIONAL DESIGN LOSS TO THE LNG PLANT.
IMPROVEME NEEDS TO BE EVALUATED. THE CURRENT PRACTICE
NT USES END FLASH VAPOUR
TECHNIQUE AS GAS TURBINE FUEL TO
IN LNG DRIVE COMPRESSORS
PRODUCTION FOR RE-LIQUEFACTION
OF SALES SPECIFICATION
GAS AND CONSEQUENTLY
MAY POTENTIALLY
GENERATE LOSSES OF UP
TO 79% OF THE LNG
DISTILLATE
COMPOSITION. THE
SEARCH FOR A NEW
TECHNOLOGY TO
RECOVER THE VAPOUR IS
MOTIVATED BY THE NEED
TO REDUCE THE
ECONOMIC LOSSES IN
THE CURRENT END FLASH
PROCESS TECHNOLOGY.
AN ANALYSIS OF
BERNOULLI'S EQUATION
OR MOMENTUM
BALANCE FOR FLOW
THROUGH PIPE MAY BE A
GOOD POINT TO START.

Internal
 8 Fuzzy logic of Column flotation is a solid-solid separations to conduct modeling 1. To study the Microsoft excel
a flotation process based on the physical and chemical work and analysis of the behavior of a and MATLAB
column properties of mineral particle surfaces. Column selected advance process flotation process.2.
(modeling) flotation is a widely used in the mineral processing control for a flotation To built simple model
industry process by the concentration of low grade column. In detail, the of dynamic flotation
and finely disseminated ores and also in recycling concern is to stimulate process 3. To add
and solvent extraction. the flotation dynamic and improve the
control process by existence dynamic
applying five methods of flotation model by
advanced control applying a selected
strategies from the advance process
existence model. These control. 4. To
control strategies initiate the tuning
techniques can be process then applies
classified as feed forward by using advance
control, feedback control, process control
cascade control, smith which is fuzzy logic
predictor and fuzzy logic
control
9 Model Binary distillation column is a complex, Binary distillation column To compare PID with Microsoft excel
predictive multivariable, nonlinear dynamic system and reflux and reboiler MPC and MATLAB
controller operation of the column flowrate and multi input
versus PID multi output using Wood
binary and Berry model and to
distillation compare PID with MPC
column
(modeling)
10 Techno- Becoming independent of oil production, abundant How feasible (technically The goal is to study MS Excel and lots
economic biomass in Malaysia as a raw material, as well as and economically) is the the feasibility of of literature
comparisons stable raw material security are the driver of this lignocellulosic biomass to lignocellulosic search
of study. glycols route compared biomass to glycols
lignocellulosi to the conventional one? route, to compare it
c biomass to Can these processes be with the
glycol route integrated? If they can, conventional route,
with where and how to and to evaluate if
conventional connect them? these two processes
glycol route. can be integrated.

Internal
 11 Techno- Biodiesel is an alternative liquid fuel source to How feasible is the The goal is to design, MS Excel, HYSYS,
economic conventional diesel from crude oil. Membrane membrane reactor based model, simulate, and lots of literature
evaluation of reactor offers an intensified process to current process for biodiesel optimize biodiesel search.
biodiesel biodiesel production. Hence, analysis on its production compared to process using
production technology and economics is needed to see how it the current process? membrane reactor,
with is positioned to the current biodiesel production. What are the current as well as to evaluate
membrane challenges in optimizing its economics.
reactor.Proje this membrane reactor Another goal is to
ct topic is based process to a look what the
modeling. commercial scale? challenges are to
make this process
commercially
available.

Internal
 12 Production of Searching the low-cost technology for the Photo catalysis has a wide 1. To synthesis and UV-VisFESEMX-
Methanol conversion of waste gases (CO2) into fuel energy range of engineering characterize a RDXPS
from Carbon under solar light is a blazing topic from last century. application in many other photocatalyst of Ni
Dioxide via The production of selective products from carbon fields. Products from metal using sol gel
Photo- dioxide photoreduction using visible light photocatalytic reduction method.2. To study
catalysis. irradiation has gained remarkable attention due to of CO2 in aqueous phase the response of these
inadequate availability of carbon based fuel and can be different such as catalysts towards
global warming caused by arising level carbon methanol, formic acid, visible light in photo
dioxide. Thus, the present research is designed to hydrogen etc. Selectivity reactor.3. To
discover visible light active photocatalyst for photo of product depends on compare the results
reduction of carbon dioxide into methanol band gap of photocatalyst with other catalysts
and standard reduction on the selectivity.
potential of particular
reaction and also on
reaction mechanism.
TiO2 is well known
catalyst but it works only
under UV-light
irradiation. So there is
need to reduce the band
gap of TiO2 by doping
with other suitable
semiconductor.
Semiconductor-
semiconductor coupling
make an efficient
photocatalyst.
Semiconductors of Metal
Ferrite selected because
of their good response
towards visible light and
they also have low band
gap.

Internal
 13 Hydrodeoxyg The social demands of carbon neutral sources and Oleic acid (an oxygenated 1) To analyze the FTIRGas
enation of sustainable energy has grown significantly in the hydrocarbon) is the major thermal ChromatographyF
Triglycerides past years due to environmental impact of fossil component in physicochemical urnace
using Ionic fuels. Therefore, the lookout of alternative energy triglyceride. It is primarily properties of Nickel
Liquid Ni- derived, particularly, from biomass become more derived from steam- based catalyst
based evident in past decade. Biomass becomes the cracking of petroleum or synthesized using
Catalysts source of interest to obtain energy and products natural gas feedstocks. ionic liquid. 2) To
that are environmental friendly with net zero Significantly, with the obtain surface kinetic
carbon footprint, especially for Malaysia that has to shortage of natural data of product
manage abundant agricultural wastes. Biomass can resource and fossil fuel- formation during
be processed using a thermal treatment called derived energy, coupled HDO3) To find the
pyrolysis to produce bio-oil, a complex mixture of with the CO2 emission of optimum reaction
phenolic compounds, acetic acid, triglycerides and crude oil, catalytic conditions for HDO
aldehyds. However, bio-oils is incompatible for hydrodeoxygenation of of trygliceride..
direct used due to the high viscosity and content of triglyceride to
oxygen and immiscibility with petroleum derived hydrocarbon has become
fuels. Thus, this study focusses to converted the compelling, and therefore
triglycerides (a major component in bio-oils) into has been drawing much
high chain hydrocarbons via hydrodeoxygenation attention lately. Similar to
(HDO) method. HDO is one of the promising other processes involving
technologies for oxygen heteroatoms elimination oxygenated
from triglycerides in the form of water to produce hydrocarbons,
high yield of liquid hydrocarbon fuels. Moreover, development of an
the possibility of co-processing and utilize of effective catalyst is the
existing petroleum refinery infrastructures are one foundational and critical
of the significant advantages of HDO technology. In step in catalytic
addition, a novel method of catalyst preparation triglyceride
will be used to syntheze the catalyst that involved hydrodeoxygenation.
the reduction of metal salt in the presence of ionic Various catalysts have
liquid (IL). IL acts stabilizing agent to stabilize the been studied for
catalyst during the catalyst synthesis. hydrocarbon production
via oleic acid
hydrodeoxygenation
process.

Internal
 14 Fundamental Heavy oil is an unconventional oil deposit in the The world reserves of The main objective of Batch reactor,
s of heavy world having API gravity between 10 and 20. Total conventional light oils are this study is to UV-Vis
metals reserve of heavy oil in the world is about 4.6 trillion dwindling and being remove metals from Spectophometer,
removal bbl. Conventional oil is dwindling and replacing by replaced by an increasing heavy crude oil using AAS
present in a heavy oil to meet the future demand of fuels. amount of heavy oils, ionic liquids. The
heavy oils Heavy oil is highly viscous and contains a lot of having API gravity detail objectives of
using ionic impurities that make it difficult to upgrade either between 10 and 20. this study are given
liquid using catalytic process. The non-catalytic and Heavy oil is highly viscous below:I. To
inefficient processes, coking, vis-breaking and and contain significant investigate the
solvent de-asphalting, are basically using to quantities of metals, capability of ionic
upgrade heavy oil in industry. The supercritical mainly nickel, vanadium liquids for removing
water based upgrading process can show the light and iron, sulfur and metals II. To optimize
of discovering valuable fuel from heavy oils nitrogen hetero atoms, the operating
lessening difficulties of conventional processes. The and naphthenic acids conditions III. To
leader of this project conducted research to contaminants, which establish metal
explore the capability of supercritical water for pose a problem for removal kinetics and
upgrading crude oil using heavy oil model economical upgrading of mechanisms
compounds. The research results are already heavy oils. High metal,
published in international reputed journals, like nitrogen and sulfur
Fuel, Fuel Processing Technology, Journal of content make it difficult
Hazardous materials and so on. But supercritical to upgrade using
water based technology is costly process due to the traditional catalytic
requirements of high temperature and pressure. process. Three basic non-
Recent research results revealed that some ionic catalytic and inefficient
liquids can remove small quantities of metals from traditional methods exist
crude oil at temperatures below 100oC. But there for upgrading heavy oils:
is no extensive study on that in open literature. The coking, vis-breaking and
aim of this research is to rremove heavy metals solvent de-asphalting;
present in heavy oils using ionic liquid. The they have respective
potential experiments will be conducted using shortcomings: coking
batch-type reactor (maximum design temperature processes upgrade heavy
of 250oC and pressure of 6 MPa) at temperatures oils as coke byproducts,
of 70-200oC. Ionic liquids will seize the makes a significant loss of
metalloporphrin compounds in their cage through product, creates air
special bond. pollution from
combustion products of
heteroatom containing
compounds and concerns

Internal
 potential corrosion when
used in power
generation; vis-braking
incurs removal of large
amount of convertible
material making the
processes non-selective;
solvent de-asphalting is
highly cost sensitive and
not environmental benign
process. Developing
environment friendly
process to manufacture
green product and to
achieve good corrosion
management is the
challenge for engineer.
Ionic liquid based metal
removal technology has
potential to replace
traditional metal removal
process by overcoming
their drawbacks. There is
no effective study on
metal removal using ionic
liquid in open literature
still now.

Internal
 15 DEVELOPME -Polysulfone membrane is modified with ZIF-8 MOF The effect of ZIF-8 on To investigated the -FTIR-XRD-
NT OF for Ultra filtration membrane-Membrane loading on PSF effect of ZIF-8 on membrane
COMPOSITE characterization before and after particles membrane is rarely loading on PSF casting
MEMBRANE incorporation is done. investigated.ZIF-8 known membraneTo
FOR to improve membrane evaluate the
DOMESTIC structure and performance of
WASTE performance but is not PSF/ZIF-8 in domestic
WATER thoroughly studied in wastewater
TREATMENT domestic wastewater treatment
treatment

Internal
 16 Modeling:Mo Ionic liquids (ILs) are increasingly used in large- As a screening 1. To study the MD SOFTWAREPC
lecular scale commercial applications. While an attractive methodology for interaction between
Dynamics feature of ILs is their extremely low volatility, they identifying nontoxic IL imidazolium-based
(MD) do have a finite solubility in water, which leads to candidates, researchers ILs molecules and
Simulation of concerns about aquatic toxicity. Although industry have used semi-empirical the lipid bilayer.2. To
Membranes regularly deals with toxic compounds, it is always methods that correlate investigate the
Behaviour in preferable to utilize compounds that are inherently the chemical structure of effects of
Room nontoxic. While the aquatic toxicity of some ILs is a ILs to their corresponding imidazolium-based
Temperature cause for concern, other studies have shown that ecotoxicity bioassays. ILs on several lipid
Ionic Liquids the toxic interactions of ILs toward biological Quantitative bilayer
systems can be quite useful, particularly for structureactivity morphologies.
antimicrobial applications. relationship (QSAR)
methods have been
increasingly used to
predict the toxicities of
ILs. However, this
technique is somewhat
limited, because it can fail
to capture the effect of
small modifications to
chemical structure and
provides minimal insight
into the molecular
mechanism responsible
for the reported
toxicities. Here, we seek a
fundamental
understanding of the
mechanism of IL
cytotoxicity by
investigating a simple
model system that
introduces IL interactions
with a model cell
membrane. While the
cytotoxicity mechanisms
are undoubtedly
contingent on the

Internal
 complex interplay among
the various cellular
components within a cell
and cell membrane, we
focus our study first on IL
interactions with the lipid
bilayer. These
interactions are most
prevalent when ILs come
into contact with a cell,
and the observation of
disruption to the
structure and integrity of
the lipid bilayer can be an
indicator of loss in vital
cell functionality.

Internal
 17 Application Small-scale salt farmers still rely on the archaic The traditional salt The objective of this 1.
membrane methods to farm salts from seawater. The process farming process is project is to design, Calculation/simul
distillation in is laborious and inefficient, which also results in inefficient, laborious and optimize and ation module for
salt minimal economic gains and excessive and produce low salt purity. improve the process
production undesirable social issues. Salt farming is conducted The process also release conventional salt integration and
process: nearby coastal area on non-arable and remote land water vapor despite its farming method by membrane
process that far away from water and electricity grid. On high economic value incorporating distillation
integration the other hand, huge amount of distilled water around the region. Low membrane module design.2.
and module escaped from the evaporation pond, which if purity of the salt also distillation. The new A new system
design handled properly can become side product of the reduces the prices system aims for than can improve
(modelling salt farming activities. significantly. The process maximum recovery the traditional
and also inefficient in term of water and salt farming
simulation) the use of heat, only used producing (high process in term of
once without being purity) of salts by salt yield and
recovered to improve the maximizing the use purity, in addition
gain output ratio. of heat harvested to producing
from the sun light distilled water.
(improving gain
output ratio). The
objective can be
detailed into listed
into two main 1. To
design a method for
integrating
membrane
distillation into the
current salt farming
process.2. To design
membrane
distillation module
applicable for this
process.

Internal
 18 Maximizing Coarse air bubbles have long been used to manage The movements of air To design a panel - Lab-scale
the impact membrane fouling in membrane processes, bubbles in between the arrangement system submerged
shear-rates especially in submerged membrane bioreactors. It membrane panels are that allow maximum filtration devices.-
from air has been proven effective but the efficiency can difficult to control. The contact of air Membrane
bubbles for still be improved. bubbles mostly travel bubbles and fabrication
submerged through the central membrane surface. It devices.- Module
plate-and- channel, which actually will be done, in this assembly tools.
frame undesirables. The project, by adjusting
membrane maximize the shear-rates the elevation angle
module exposed to scour foulant of the module. The
it is desirable to direct the performance of
flow path of the bubbles vertical panel and the
to be in-contact with elevated panel with
membrane surface. different angles will
be compared. Also,
the effect of
elevation angles and
the frequency of
switching will be
investigated.

19 Development Hazard identification and risk analysis is one of the Many companies cannot To develop Understanding of
of structured important elements in managing process safety implement it efficiently framework and database
hazard based on Risk Based Process Safety (RBPS). due to lack of prototype model for development
identification understanding, hazard identification such as Microsoft
and risk structured framework and risk analysis and Access .
analysis and work aid model for validate with
based on Risk this element. industrial case
Based studies.
Process
Safety (RBPS)

Internal
 20 Dehydration The project will focus on dehydration process of Through literature review To be defined Drying oven
Process of Garcinia Atroviridis for commercial purpose. The by student
Fructus establishment equilibrium moisture contents of
Garcinia Atrovirdis at room temperature and pressure are
Atroviridis important in order to effectively commercialize the
(experimenta product .
l)

21 CO2 Modified MOF 74 is able to adsorb CO2 in robust To be determined by the To be determined by CO2-CH4
Adsorption condition of water in natural gas stream. The study student the student adsorption
study of MOF on CO2 adsorption performance onto their isotherm analysis
74 and their composite is required to assess their practical
composite application.

22 Fabrication of fabrication of membranes for gases separation for the enhancement of enhancement in gas gas permeation
Mixed Matrix gas separation separation test rig
Membrane performance
for Gases
Separation

23 CO2 removal synthesis and modification of MOF adsorbent for performance to enhance the synthesis reactor
using MOF CO2 adsorption enhancement of performance of the
adsorbent adsorbent adsorbent characterization
tools and
adsorption test
unit

Internal
 24 Economic This is a simulation study of CO2 capture process in Desorption of CO2 from To be discussed later. 1. Computer2.
evaluation of coal fired power plant. The aim is to evaluate the amine solution and flue Aspen HYSYS /
CO2 capture effect of operating pressure on operating and gas compression is highly Aspen Plus
process for capital costs. energy consuming, which
coal fired account for CO2 capture
power plant high operational costs.
This is usually attributed
to either use of large
solvent amounts at low
pressure or high
compression costs at high
pressure.

25 Drying of This study involves experimental and modelling To be discussed To be discussed Cross-flow dryer
Cocos works on drying of Cocos Nucifera. Several
Nucifera variables such as particle size, temperature and air
using cross- flowrate will be studied.
flow dryer

Internal
 26 Experimental Plant oils, when subjected to chemically As reported in literature, 1. To synthesize the 1. Beakers 2.
Investigation modification, can be utilized as specialized or unsaturated plant oils Epoxidized Moringa Retort stand3.
into the starting materials in many industries. One of the such as soybean oil, palm Oleifera oil Agitator4. Water
Mechanism chemical modification process, which has oil, soybean oil, flax oil, 2. To investigate the bath5. Digital
of enormous commercial significance to chemical canola oil, sunflower oil, reaction mechanism thermocouple6.
Epoxidation industry, is epoxidation. In this research, an safflower oil, cottonseed involved in the Weighing
of Moringa attempt will be made to study the utilization of oil and others oils, could epoxidation of balance7.
Oleifera Oil Moringa Oleifera seed oil as starting material for be epoxidized to produce Moringa Oleifera Stopwatch
with in-situ epoxidation process. Moringa oleifera, which has epoxidized oils. The seed with in situ formed 8. Separating
formed the unsaturated fatty acid content in between oil extracted from peroxyformic acid funnel
Peroxyformic palm oil and olive oil, will be used as raw material Moringa Oleifera, a tree (PFA) 9. Aluminium foil
Acid to produce epoxidized oil. The reaction mechanism which grows rapidly even 3. To analyze the 10. Hot plate
between Moringa Oleifera seed oil and in situ in poor soil and can be produced epoxidized
formed peroxyformic acid during epoxidation easily grown in Malaysia, Moringa Oleifera oil
process will be experimentally studied. will be used as starting
material to investigate its
potential application as
epoxidized oils.

Internal
 27 Freeze In this modern century, shortage of clean water The existing desalination 1) To characterize Fabricated
Desalination supply is still a worrying issue and the problem is technology like MSF, ED, the properties of Cylindrical Freeze
of Saltwater: expected to become more serious in the future. CDT and RO have been saltwater.2) To Crystallizer,
Effect of The enormous increment of human population steadily evolved and investigate the Digital Stirrer with
coolant growth has caused the existing water resources improved in performance efficiency of freeze Stand, PICOLOG
temperature, inadequate to fulfil the water supply demand over the years. However, crystallization in Data Acquisition
stirring rate nowadays [1]. The high demand for water supply is they have not yet desalinating Tool, High
and freezing also due to the tremendous growth of attained the elusive goals saltwater to produce Performance
time on the industrialization and urbanization [2]. After all, of environment pure water. 3) To Liquid
process researchers have been working in earnest to find friendliness and low study the effect of Chromatography,
efficiency. the best solution to address the water shortage. In operating cost needed by coolant temperature, Gas
light of the vast amount of seawater, many studies a thirsty world. These stirring rate and Chromatography,
have been conducted to desalinate seawater to available methods have freezing time Waterbath,
produce pure water. Desalination is a process that systemic problems like towards the Weighing
removes salts and minerals from saline water. The polluting chemicals, desalination Balance, Salinity
technology has now been practiced on a large scale membrane fouling, efficiency. Meter.
for more than 50 years. At the end of 2011, it has capacity limitations,
been estimated that the desalination capacity of expensive construction
71.9 million m3 has been produced daily. materials, and high-
Therefore, many technologies of desalination energy demands.
systems have been introduced to produce Therefore, a new
freshwater like multistage flash (MSF), electro alternative desalination
dialysis (ED), and capacitive deionization technique is needed to
technology (CDT) [3, 4]. With the growth of overcome these
membrane science, reverse osmosis (RO) has problems, thus meet the
overtaken multi-stage flash as the leading high demand of pure
desalination technology, and should be considered water. In this study,
as the baseline technology, while others as freeze desalination (FD)
alternatives. process is proposed to
desalinate seawater. In
freeze desalination, the
solution is physically
separated by making pure
ice in solution.

Internal
 28 Freeze In this modern century, shortage of clean water The existing desalination 1) To characterize Fabricated
Desalination supply is still a worrying issue and the problem is technology like MSF, ED, the properties of Cylindrical Freeze
of Saltwater: expected to become more serious in the future. CDT and RO have been saltwater.2) To Crystallizer,
Prediction of The enormous increment of human population steadily evolved and investigate the Digital Stirrer with
Ice Crystal growth has caused the existing water resources improved in performance efficiency of freeze Stand, PICOLOG
Mass through inadequate to fulfil the water supply demand over the years. However, crystallization in Data Acquisition
Heat Transfer nowadays [1]. The high demand for water supply is they have not yet desalinating Tool, High
Study also due to the tremendous growth of attained the elusive goals saltwater to produce Performance
industrialization and urbanization [2]. After all, of environment pure water. 3) To Liquid
researchers have been working in earnest to find friendliness and low study heat transfer Chromatography,
the best solution to address the water shortage. In operating cost needed by involved in freeze Gas
light of the vast amount of seawater, many studies a thirsty world. These desalination process Chromatography,
have been conducted to desalinate seawater to available methods have through the Waterbath,
produce pure water. Desalination is a process that systemic problems like prediction of ice Weighing
removes salts and minerals from saline water. The polluting chemicals, crystal mass. Balance, Salinity
technology has now been practiced on a large scale membrane fouling, Meter.
for more than 50 years. At the end of 2011, it has capacity limitations,
been estimated that the desalination capacity of expensive construction
71.9 million m3 has been produced daily. materials, and high-
Therefore, many technologies of desalination energy demands.
systems have been introduced to produce Therefore, a new
freshwater like multistage flash (MSF), electro alternative desalination
dialysis (ED), and capacitive deionization technique is needed to
technology (CDT) [3, 4]. With the growth of overcome these
membrane science, reverse osmosis (RO) has problems, thus meet the
overtaken multi-stage flash as the leading high demand of pure
desalination technology, and should be considered water. In this study,
as the baseline technology, while others as freeze desalination (FD)
alternatives. process is proposed to
desalinate seawater. In
freeze desalination, the
solution is physically
separated by making pure
ice in solution. It involves
fractional crystallization
of water and subsequent
removal of the ice.
crystals formation.

Internal
 29 A Study on Allicin shows potential to be used as a urease Enzymes are susceptible 1. to investigate soil UV VIs
the Effect of inhibitor to reduce the release of NH3 from urea towards varying pH pH conditions at spectrophotomet
Soil pH on fertilizer. This study looks into the effect of soil pH conditions and may effect different water ry
the Inhibition towards the effectiveness of inhibition from this the inhibition ability of holding conditions2.
of Urease by natural product. allicin to analyse the effect
Allicin of varying pH
towards inhibition of
urease

Internal
 30 Physicho- The scope of this study is to utilizate [Emim]Ac and Thermoplastic starch 1. To study the effect Analysis of
chemical [Emim]Cl as a plasticizer at optimized conditions in have poor physical of [Emim]Ac and gelatinization
Investigation preparing TPS. Based on the DSC analysis, the best chemical properties and [Emim]Cl as temperature and
of plasticizer will be chosen for the addition of rice poor resistance to plasticizer at enthalpy of TPS
Thermoplasti straw fiber as filler in TPS. The aim is to humidity as compared to optimized conditions using DSC analysis
c Starch (TPS) understanding the effect of adding rice straw fiber synthetic polymer. on thermoplastic
on TPS and to investigate the physicho-chemical Modification of starch Analysis using
properties using SEM, XRD,TGA and moisture thermoplastic starch by SEM, XRD, TGA
absorption analysis. new plasticizer and 2. To understanding and Moisture
addition of filler is expect the effect of adding absorption
to enhance the physico- rice straw as filler on analysis
chemical properties of thermoplastic starch
thermoplastic starch
3. To investigate the
morphology,
crystallinity, thermal
degradation and
moisture absorption
on thermoplastic
starch

Internal
 31 Smart The annual production of methanol exceeds 40 The most important part 1. To structure a Computer/Matlab
Modeling and million tons and continues to grow by 4% per year. of the methanol neural model which Software
Simulation of Methanol has traditionally been used as feed for production plant is its suitably reflects the
Methanol production of a range of chemicals including acetic fixed-bed catalytic methanol reactor
Synthesis acid and formaldehyde. In recent years methanol reactor. The optimal performance2. To
Catalytic has also been used for other markets such as condition of the process analyze the reactor
Reactor production of DME (Di-methyl-ether) and olefins by is strongly related to the operation through
Performance the so-called methanol-to-olefins process (MTO) or efficient performance of the sensitivity
as blend-stock for motor fuels. The by far the reactor. Reactor analysis using
dominating production method of methanol operation is affected by programs written in
synthesis is through the synthesis gas process first the fluctuation of the software
developed during the 1920s. A gas mixture of operating parameters. environment
hydrogen and carbon monoxide (usually also Therefore, to closely
carbon dioxide), known as synthesis gas (syngas) is analyze the reactor
the basis for almost all methanol production today. performance can be
A methanol plant with natural gas feed can be contributed to the better
divided into three main sections. In the first part of control of the reactor and
the plant natural gas is converted into synthesis high quality of the
gas. The synthesis gas reacts to produce methanol product. There are a few
in the second section, and methanol is purified to techniques to model the
the desired purity in the tail-end of the plant. reactor behavior. One of
the techniques is to use
the neural network
model which is highly
efficient to model and
simulate the engineering
systems. The model
proposed can be
structurally optimized to
give better results. In this
study, the methanol
production reactor can be
modelled using this smart
technique. The model can
be developed through
writing codes into
software environment.

Internal
 32 Modeling Catalytic hydrotreating is an important upgrading One of the parameters 1. To develop a Computer/Matlab
Study of option which can be focused on to fulfill the main which crucially affects the mathematical model Software
Temperature target which is to decrease the adverse process operation is the for the catalytic
Effect on the environmental effects caused by the concentration reaction mixture hydropurification
Efficiency of of contaminants, increase productivity, and temperature. The process
Industrial improve the quality of intermediate products. In fluctuation of the incorporating the
Hydropurifica the catalytic processes of hydrotreating, the trickle temperature affects the temperature effect
tion Process bed reactors (TBRs) are widely employed in the reactor performance and into the developed
hydrotreating processes employed in the also influences the proper model2. To solve the
petrochemical industries, petroleum refineries, and control of the reactor. developed model
in many chemical industries. The purification Therefore, operation at into the software
process is affected by the operating parameters the optimum environment 3. To
and catalyst activity. In some cases, the quality of temperature can analyze the results
the product becomes off-spec even under minor contribute to the more and give suggestion
fluctuation of some critical variables. The efficient control of the for the improvement
development of a mathematical model which catalytic of the industrial
closely captures the actual performance hydropurification hydropurification
incorporating the real data of the proposed process. process.
industrial system is required to squash out the
reliable results, which can be analyzed meticulously
for the improvement of the product quality.

Internal
 33 Membrane - Inorganic additive to improve membrane - Silica interaction with - To investigate the - Membrane
incorporated performance is among feasible approach to water during membrane influence of silica- fabrication
Silica for improve membrane performance- Silica as additive fabrication still rarely water reaction during spinning machine-
domestic provide would interaction with water during investigate- Stringent membrane Permeation cell-
wastewater fabrications and create silanol group control during membrane fabrication- To FTIR- UV-VIS
treatment fabrication would evalute Polymer-
influence the degree of silica membrane for
silica-water interaction UF filtration

34 Ultafiltration - Inorganic additive to improve membrane - Metal-organic - To investigate the - Membrane

(UF) Hollow performance is among feasible approach to framework (MOF) among influence of MOF as hollow fiber
Fiber improve membrane performance promising materials, but fillers in membrane spinning machine
Membrane their water applications for wastewater
incorporated - wide class of inorganic such as zeolite, activated are still rare treatment - Permeation cell
inorganic for carbon, silica to be used as additive
domestic - Hollow fiber membrane - To fabricate MOF- - FTIR
wastewater is promising membrane Polymer membrane
treatment configuration while in hollow fiber - UV-VIS
research more focused on configuration
flat sheet configuration

Internal
 35 Ionic liquid Although the industrial revolution has brought Pretreatment of The objective of the Pretreatment of
pretreatment unimaginable benefits to human societies by lignocellulosic materials is present study are as oil palm biomass
of oil palm providing optimized material products and a highly essential and follows.1. To prepare can be conducted
biomass for processes, along with higher living standards for critical task for the the ionic liquid-in-oil with ILs IL
fabrication of humanity, but has also compromised the manufacturing of microemulsions and [bmim][Cl] or
particulate environmental steadiness of the last 10,000 years engineered composite characterization of [emim][dep] with
composites in the so called Holocene geological era. More panels. Presently, various the systems in term 50 % biomass
recently, the critical discussion about the depletion pretreatments including of shape and size.2. loading at 90 oC
of petroleum reserves and environmental hydrothermal, chemical, To optimize the and 600 rpm.
sustainability has led to a renewed interest physical and biological effect of different After
regarding the use of natural lignocellulosic pretreatments are surfactants ratio, pretreatment, the
materials derived from renewable resources for applied. Many of these types of ionic liquids fiber can be
production of engineered biocomposite products methods cause and concentration of regenerated by
for a number of applications starting from daily considerable degradation ionic liquids on the using anti-solvent
needs to biomedical, construction, and automotive of lignocellulose solubility of drugs. 3. of acetone. The
fields. Ionic liquids can undoubtedly widen the components to by- To evaluated the pretreated fiber
range of raw materials used for design of such products or demand safety profile of the can be mixed with
composites owing to their excellent solvation cooking at extreme new carrier in vitro polymer binder
powers for various lignocellulosic material. ILs are conditions of (acute skin irritation and finally the
salts consisting entirely of ions that melt below 100 temperatures and test using a mixture can be
C, defining a new class of solvents with high pressures or strong acids cytotoxicity assay. thermo-molded
polarities. In comparison to molecular solvents, ILs or bases so that special by using
possess interesting properties such as broad liquid processing equipment is compression
range, high thermal stabilities and negligible vapor necessary. Therefore, the molding machine.
pressure. Use of ILs for manufacturing of development of a new, The composite
lignocellulosic based composites is attractive from cost-effective and panels can be
environmental and cost perspective. environmentally benign characterized
pretreatment technology according to
for efficient utilization of relevant ASTM
lignocellulosic biomass in standards.
composite materials
remains challenging. One
promising alternative
could be the use of ionic
liquids (ILs).

Internal
 36 Ionic liquids In pharmaceutical fields, topical and transdermal An extensive research is The objective of the 1. Dynamic light
based delivery of many poorly soluble compounds having required to find versatile present research scattering (DLS) 2.
nanocarrier pharmacological activity have been found to be ionic liquid based work is to develop ac Surface tension
for enhanced difficult due to their insolubility or sparingly microemulsions that can activated carbon bed meter.
solubility of solubility in water and most organic liquids. In the encapsulate a large adsorbents from
sparingly pharmaceutical industry and in modern medicine, amount of sparingly biomass sources
soluble drug it is well known that many promising drugs that are soluble drug molecules using thermal and
molecules sparingly soluble in conventional solvents never for enhanced drug chemical activation
enter a formulation stage due to their poor delivery. In technique and
solubility as well as difficulties in delivery. Recently, addition,microemulsions characterize its CO2
we have developed IL-in-oil microemulsions (IL/o should be nontoxic and separation efficiency.
MEs) with pharmaceutically acceptable biodegradable. This includes;i. To
components and have found that such MEs can enhance adsorption
solubilize poorly soluble drugs (e.g., acyclovir), in capacity of biomass
the IL droplets. However, this new IL/o systems based absorbent
need to be characterized in terms of drug solubility activated carbon bed
and delivery capacity. More importantly, the safety adsorbent with
profile of the IL-assisted ME should be conducted different chemicals
to promote their application in pharmaceuticals. at different chemical
loading and retention
time. ii. To
characterize the
physical and
chemical properties
of new adsorbent. iii.
To study the
adsorption process
parameters of the
new adsorbent to
investigate its CO2
adsorption capacity.

Internal
 37 Synthesis and Adsorption process is an alternative approach to Different technologies The objective of the Available at
characterizati separate CO2 from NG where the adsorption were employed to present research chemical
on of capacity mainly influenced by the surface area of capture CO2 from natural work is to develop ac engineering
renewable the adsorbents. Adsorption-based methods using gases. These technologies activated carbon bed Department
adsorbents micro porous materials are a very promising cost- have showed their adsorbents from
for capturing efficient technology, which is commonly accepted advantage and limitation biomass sources
CO2. to be the most attractive, efficient and affordable in removing CO2 from using thermal and
due to its simple control, low operating and capital natural gases as chemical activation
investment costs, and higher energy efficiency. presented in the technique and
Many research work had been done to increase the introduction. Currently, characterize its CO2
adsorption capacity of the adsorbent such as progressive research separation efficiency.
increasing the surface area or micro-pore volume works are produced with This includes;i. To
to increase the active sites for CO2 capture, or this techniques to enhance adsorption
functionalize the surface of adsorbent to maximize enhance CO2 removal capacity of biomass
the selectivity the adsorbent. Thermal and from natural gas with based absorbent
chemically upgraded adsorbent is becoming more minimal effect on the activated carbon bed
attractive on its carbon dioxide adsorption ability . environment. adsorbent with
In the present work, chemical modification of Development of different chemicals
adsorbent will be conducted to increase the CO2 adsorbents from different at different chemical
adsorption efficiency and enhance the selectivity. sources including zeolites loading and retention
and metal-organic time. ii. To
frameworks, biomass characterize the
based sources are physical and
investigated.environment chemical properties
al friendly and of new adsorbent. iii.
economically viable. This To study the
research work also adsorption process
focuses on synthesis of parameters of the
activated carbon from new adsorbent to
biomass sources different investigate its CO2
techniques will be adsorption capacity.
employed to enhance its
adsorption efficiency,
reusability, durability
through modification of
its adsorption sites for
better capturing of CO2.

Internal
 38 Ionic liquid- In existing industrial absorption processes solvents Use of ionic liquids (ILs) 1. Prepare ionic CO2 Solubility
amine hybrid that are widely used and commercially established and switchable solvents liquid-anime hybrid cells and other
solvent for CO2 absorption processes are alkanolamines. along with amines may solvent and study properties
preparation, Alkanolamines are further classified into offer an alternative to properties of hybrid determination
characterizati monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), overcome low loading solvents. equipment such
on for the and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), Piperazine (PZ) capacity and slow 2. Investigate CO2 as micrometer,
absorption of . In absorption processes amines of one kind or absorption rate of amines absorption density
CO2 and their mixtures are commonly used. Mixtures of and its high regeneration performance of measurement,
performance amines are generally mixtures of MDEA and DEA or temperature as ILs have a selected ionic liquids surface tension
study. MDEA with MEA. Despite amines have got range of properties that and amines measurement,
industrial application and well established may make them a design mixtures.3. Optimize etc.
processes, amines have limitations such as low CO2 solvents for their many ionic liquid mixture
loading capacity: stiochiometrically, the carbamate different contributions of for maximum CO2
reaction proposed that the capacity of primary the anions and cut ions absorption capacity.
(MEA) and secondary amines (DEA) loading that can used to tune its
capacity is limited to 0.5 mole of CO2 per mole of physical and chemical
amines. On the other hand, tertiary amines (MDEA) properties. Task specific
can achieve up to 1 mole of CO2 loading per mole ILs that incorporate
of amines which is twice that of primary and amine group into the ILs
secondary amines loading capacities; however, it are capable to enable ILs
has very slow absorption rate . Use of ionic liquids as a reactive chemical
(ILs) and switchable solvents along with amines solvent for better CO2
may offer an alternative to overcome low loading absorption. However,
capacity, slow absorption rate of amines and its selection of proper ILs,
high regeneration temperature as ILs have a range formulation hybrid
of properties that may make them a designer solvents of right
solvents for their many different combinations of combination and
the anions and cut ions that can used to easily tune parametric investigation
its physical and chemical properties. regeneration need to be conducted
of ILs solvents can easily achieved by heating the which need to be
carbamate product to 80 to 100oC under vacuum addressed in this project
such that it can reduce high cost of energy incurred work.
by high temperature regeneration unit as well as
the risk of operation under high temperature. It is
therefore desirable to study and investigate
efficient, economically viable absorbents and
processes that may reduce/eliminate the existing
limitations posed by amine solvents.

Internal
 39 Alginate Dyes and heavy metals present in the effuents are Various adsorbents have 1. To synthesize a Sodium alginate/
immobilized environmental and human health concerns, but been used to remove new ionic liquid Calcium
with ionic physicochemical removal is often cost-prohibitive different types of dyes immobilized alginate alginateUV
liquid for and can produce toxic secondary products and and heavy metal ions beads2. To conduct
waste water treatment residues. An environmentally benign from wastewater experiments to
treatment alternative combines green materials immobilized especially those that are analyze its efficiency
with alginate into beads for treating contaminated harmful to mankind. towards the removal
water. Activated carbons, plant of dye/heavy metal3.
or lignocellulosic wastes, to optimize the
clays and biopolymers are parameters for
among the common maximum removal
adsorbents used. A cost
effective new
biodegradable adsorbent
is the need for the hour
for the effective removal
of dyes and heavy metals
from the effluent water
from the processing
plants

Internal
 40 Simulation of Laboratory and pilot scale fouling units provide less Fouling characteristics in To study the fouling MATLAB and
field crude oil information on fouling characteristics and laboratory and pilot scale behavior in a field ANSYS CFD
fouling units mechanisms. A field fouling unit is proposed and experimental units differ fouling unit through
Modelling simulation studies using a first principle model is very much from the simulation
necessary before attempting to design an actual actual plant. In an effort
unit. to understand the scaling
up better a field fouling
unit needs to be studied
through simulation under
various operating
conditions

Internal
 41 The effect of Glycerol conversion has been extensively In order to eliminate the 1. To find the effect Preparation of
microwave investigated with or without the use of organic solvents from the of microwave Clay based
irradiation on solvents for production of polyglycerol. In each homogeneous catalysts irradiation on the material in Lab 4
the case, different homogeneous alkali catalysts such during some important mesoporousity of and 5 equipped
mesoporousit as carbonates and hydroxides or heterogeneous reaction like montmorillonite clay with glass wears
y of catalysts including zeolite, mesporous silica and etherification, is a very by intercalation of and other
montmorillon metal oxides have been applied. The use of solvent challenging task to pillared aluminium. instruments. for
ite clay for could create some problems in the production enhance activation of 2. To prepare and characterization
the glycerol process leading to a more complex overall process. catalyst with out using characterize alkaline XRD, TGA, FTIR,
conversion On the other hand, the need to eliminate the solvent. In this respect, modified SEM BET and TEM
solvents from the homogeneous catalysts is a very solvent free etherification montmorillonite clay images will
challenging task. In this respect, solvent free process could promise catalyst contribute better
etherification process could promise several several advantages but explanation of
advantages but limited information is currently limited information is changes occur
available on this mode of glycerol etherification currently available on this due to prepared
process. Hence, low value glycerol conversion to mode of glycerol materials.
vale added polyglycerol is still required a new basic etherification process.
heterogeneous catalysts which can enhance the More research is required
process of conversion as well as optimize the price to improve solvent free
of overall biodiesel production process. As process.
mesoporous materials provide a combination of
large specific surface area and a certain degree of
pore size with shape selectivity, they have one of
the greatest potential applications as a
heterogeneous catalyst but limited for thermal
stability or alkaline loading for basicity due to
structure collapse. The clay minerals have great
potential as a catalyst especially for support of
single or bimetallic catalyst for the basic selective
reactions to produce fine chemicals. They received
substantial attention because of their operational
simplicity, low cost, environmental compatibility,
high selectivity and, reusability.

Internal
 42 Degradation Ionic liquids (ILs) have been labelled as green This research project 1) To optimize the 1) HPLC - for
of aqueous solvent due to their stability and low vapour focus on the degradation Fenton's oxidation analysis of ionic
ionic liquids pressure. Unfortunately, the stability caused them of ionic liquids using parameters for ionic liquids2) Design
using to accumulate in water stream. Their potential Fenton's reagent to liquids degradation2) expert software -
Fenton's impacts towards environment have been improve the To compare the for optimization
oxidation: questioned recently. Potential air pollution is biodegradability of the efficiency of batch process
Optimization reduced due to their low vapour pressure, but the wastewater. Fenton and continuous
study contamination of ILs in water streams would oxidation is one of process
impose potential threats to the aquatic organism. advanced oxidation
Through a reported study on several ILs, they process (AOPs) that are
showed high resistance towards biodegradation currently received much
process and could pose higher risk compared to attention due to its
conventional solvents. Purification or recycling of process simplicity. Glaze
ILs can be conducted through decantation and et al (1987) has defined
distillation process, however, using these AOPs as "near ambient
techniques for low concentration ILs solution is not temperature and
economically feasible. Adsorption study of ILs on pressure water treatment
activated carbon showed promising trend, but the processes which involve
effective uptake depends on the properties of the the generation of
ILs and restrict to ILs with small molecular volumes. hydroxyl radicals". In the
Moreover, the adsorbed ILs need to be recovered research work by Munoz
which requires further treatment system. et al. (2015), the
Degradation of ILs generates less harmful optimum temperature for
intermediates and partial mineralization, while the treatment was 70C,
some processes reported of complete degradation. while they only studied
Munoz et al. (2015) proposed the use of Fenton- the temperature range
like system to degrade imidazolium based ILs with from 50-90C.
97% efficiency within 90 minutes treatment. They
concluded that OH radicals is the responsible
species for degradation of the ILs.

Internal
 43 Biodegradabil Ionic liquids (ILs) have been labelled as green This research project 1) To compare the 1) Biodegradation
ity study of solvent due to their stability and low vapour focus on the efficiency of setup2) pH
the partially pressure. Unfortunately, the stability caused them biodegradation process biodegradation of meter3) DO
degraded to accumulate in water stream. Their potential the partially treated ionic liquid before meter4) TOC
aqueous ionic impacts towards environment have been aqueous ionic liquids and after Fenton's analyzer
liquids via questioned recently. Potential air pollution is after Fenton's oxidation. oxidation2) To study
Fenton's reduced due to their low vapour pressure, but the Even though ionic liquids the biodegradation
oxidation contamination of ILs in water streams would could be completely kinetics based on the
impose potential threats to the aquatic organism. degraded, the total organic carbon
Through a reported study on several ILs, they intermediate formed i.e (TOC) value
showed high resistance towards biodegradation carboxylic acids are
process and could pose higher risk compared to usually resistance to
conventional solvents. Research have shown that advanced oxidation
advanced oxidation process are viable to degrade process (AOPs) but could
resistance organic compounds to certain level, be easily degraded by the
however, not all treated water achieved the microorganism.
maximum allowable limit for discharge. One Combination of Fenton's
common practice is to further treat the partially oxidation-Biodegradation
degraded water to the biological treatment system. process could be able to
completely mineralize
ionic liquids to the final
products of H2O and CO2.

Internal
 44 Drying of Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is known for its nice The APPC standard range 1. To produce vco 1. Plastic
Virgin fragrance, taste, antioxidants, medium chain fatty for moisture is 0.5%. using fermentation container2. Set up
Coconut Oil acids (MCFA), and vitamins, among other things. However the VCO method2. Drying of drying
produced Coconut oil is extracted from the coconut milk produced from using air bubling equipment,
from obtained from fresh coconuts. Using processes fermentation process method 3. heater, air
Fermentation such as fermentation, churning (centrifugal may contain water more Characterised the blower,
process using separation), refrigeration, and the action of than 1%. High moisture VCO 4. Simple flowmeter3.
bubbling enzymes, the oil is separated from the water. content may shorten the modelling to relate water content
Method Production of virgin coconut oil, the raw materials shelf life, change the the water contents vs measurement4.
and the process of extraction should not allow any color and the oil become air, flow rate, FTIR nad GC
involvement of heat. smelly due to formation humidity and air
of rancid. temperature.

Internal
 45 Water Cocopeat is by product of coconut fiber Currently, cocopeat is 1. fortified the 1. Cocopeat
diffusion production. Cocopeat primarily consists of the coir used in loose form and it cocopeat with
characteristic fibre pith or coir dust which is obtained by can be further upgraded micronutrients 2. water bath
of bio- processing coconut husk and removing the long by making a pellet using
fertiliser fibres. It contains high lignin and can be a good mechanical presss. To 2. Formation of pellet 3. balance
produced by source of fertiliser, during the degradation process make more effective as at different pressure
mechanical it can be converted to formic acid, a kind of plant fertiliser micronutrients using mechanical 4. glasswares,
press of growth promoter. Currently , it is used as a will be added. The press beakers etc
micronutrient growing medium due to high water retention, techniqiue to fortify the
s fortified good aeration and antifungal benefits cocopeat with 3. Establish water 5. uv
cocopea. micronutrients using absorbtion spectroscopy
starch as binder. characteristics

4. Nutrients released
(Boron and cu) in
water from bio-
fertiliser

46 Study on the Bio-oil upgrading is one of the breakthroughs in For catalytic To clarify the effects Autoclave
effect of biomass research work field. In this study, a hydrodeoxygenation of of pressure and reactorGC-FID
pressure and fundamental study on the effects of pressure and guaiacol, the effects of temperature on
temperature temperature on catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of temperature and catalytic
on guaiacol will carried out. Guaiacol is a model pressure on reaction hydrodeoxygenation
hydrodeoxyg compound of bio-oil. behavior have not been of guaiacol.To
enation of thoroughly investigated. formulate the
guaiacol kinetics of the
using batch reaction.
reactor with
Ni/Al-MCM-
41 catalyst

Internal
 47 Disrupting Using ozone bubble as reactive agent to disrupt - Harvesting and oil - To optimize the - Ozonator
and microalgae cells for harvesting and oil extraction extraction from microalgae cells
harvesting of purpose microalgae cells are disruption process - Microalgae
microalgae difficult due their rigid using ozone bubbles. cultivation system
cells using cell membrane.
ozone - To compare the - Microalgae lipid
bubbles -Hence, ozone bubble is lipid extraction extraction unit
introduced to disrupt the efficiency by using
microalgae cells and to ozone bubbles.
accelerate the harvesting
and oil extraction process

48 Study of the Implementation of Feed-in-Tariff (FiT) in on-grid On-grid HPS may perform To study of the Laptop/computer
effects of Hybrid Power Systems (HPS) can increase the profit and cost differently than effects of Feed-in-
Feed-in-Tariff and eliminate the cost of storage system. the off-grid HPS Tariff on Hybrid
on Hybrid Power Systems Using
Power Power Pinch Analysis
Systems
Using Power
Pinch
Analysis
49 Study of the Load demands and electricity sources in a hybrid HPS with AC-coupled or To study the Effects Laptop/computer
Effects of power system (HPS) may be in different forms, AC-DC topology may of System Topology
System either in direct current or alternating current. perform differently, and on Hybrid Power
Topology on may have different Systems Using Power
Hybrid Power economics as well. Pinch Analysis
Systems
Using Power
Pinch
Analysis

Internal
 50 PREPARATIO MEMBRANE PREPARATION AND SEPARATION IS IT IS IMPORTANT TO TO PREPARE AND CASTING PLATE,
N AND GAINING INCREASING POPULARITY IN VARIOUS INVESTIGATE THE CHARACTERIZE THE ULTRASONIC
CHARACTERIZ INDUSTRIES. FUNDAMENTAL OF THE INORGANIC/ORGANI BATH, STIRRER,
ATION OF FORMATION OF THE C COMPOSITE OVEN.
INORGANIC/ INORGANIC/ORGANIC MEMBRANE
ORGANIC COMPOSITE MEMBRANE
COMPOSITE
MEMBRANE

51 THE EFFECT MIXED MATRIX MEMBRANE IS GANING IT IS IMPORTANT TO TO STUDY THE CASTING PLATE,
OF INCREASING POPULARITY IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES. INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC
COAGULATIO OF COAGULATION BATH COAGULATION BATH BATH, STIRRER,
N BATH ON ON THE FORMATION OF ON THE OVEN.
THE THE MIXED MATRIX PREPARATION OF
PREPARATIO MEMBRANE. MIXED MATRIX
N OF MIXED MEMBRANE
MATRIX
MEMBRANE

Internal
 52 Wastewater Production of drinking water and wastewater The management of This study embarks Fabricated
Volume treatment are two essential steps of the water wastewater with high on the following cylindrical
Reduction by cycle. Application of freezing has already been water content represents objectives: To crystallizer,
Progressive studied in such perspectives. The use of freezing is an economic problem examine the waterbath,
Freeze based on the fact that, when ice is crystallized from because of the high influence of several thermocouples
Concentratio an aqueous solution, the ice crystal is essentially transportation costs for operating conditions type K, stirrer and
n: Effect of built up by pure water, leaving the solutes in the disposal, treatment on progressive freeze motor, PicoLog
Coolant remaining liquid phase. It is known that a freezing and/or use. The concentration data acquisition
Temperature front is able to sweep away all the impurities, concentration of process including tool, refrigerator,
and Stirring whatever they are soluble or not. The involved wastewater thus coolant temperature refractometer
Rate mechanisms of rejection are not the same for becomes a necessary first and stirring rate. To and weighing
soluble and non-soluble compounds.A freeze step for its waste study the balance.
concentration (FC) system includes three steps: ice management and performance of
crystallization, ice crystal growth and ice crystal recovery. In principle one progressive freeze
separation from the mother solution. The could use evaporation as concentration system
efficiency of the process is determined by the concentration process, for wastewater
purity of the ice formed (minimum retention of but unfortunately this can volume reduction.
solutes). The conventional method for FC, known cause damage to heat
as suspension freeze concentration (SFC) requires a sensitive components or
complicated system and a high capital cost so that loss of volatile
its practical use is still limited for wastewater compounds, so that
management. Nowadays, many developments of alternative concentration
FC are associated with progressive freeze processes are needed.
concentration (PFC) because of the simpler One possible option is the
separation step. PFC is a type of FC that use of freeze
progressively produces ice crystal layer by layer on concentration, a process
a cooled surface until it forms a large and single ice operated at low
crystal block. Large ice crystal has fewer impurities temperatures, which
or amount of solutes than small ice crystal. So, the favours a good retention
purity of ice crystals produced from PFC is much of thermally fragile
higher than purity of ice crystals produced from components.
SFC. Since there is only a single block of ice crystal,
it would be much easier to separate the ice crystal
from the mother solution which in turn resulting in
low operation and maintenance cost.

Internal
 53 Study of Ice Production of drinking water and wastewater The management of This study embarks Fabricated
Crystal Mass treatment are two essential steps of the water wastewater with high on the following cylindrical
Formation for cycle. Application of freezing has already been water content represents objectives: To study crystallizer,
Wastewater studied in such perspectives. The use of freezing is an economic problem ice crystal mass waterbath,
Volume based on the fact that, when ice is crystallized from because of the high formation using heat thermocouples
Reduction by an aqueous solution, the ice crystal is essentially transportation costs for transfer model. To type K, stirrer and
Progressive built up by pure water, leaving the solutes in the disposal, treatment study the motor, PicoLog
Freeze remaining liquid phase. It is known that a freezing and/or use. The performance of data acquisition
Concentratio front is able to sweep away all the impurities, concentration of progressive freeze tool, refrigerator,
n whatever they are soluble or not. The involved wastewater thus concentration system refractometer
mechanisms of rejection are not the same for becomes a necessary first for wastewater and weighing
soluble and non-soluble compounds.A freeze step for its waste volume reduction. balance.
concentration (FC) system includes three steps: ice management and
crystallization, ice crystal growth and ice crystal recovery. In principle one
separation from the mother solution. The could use evaporation as
efficiency of the process is determined by the concentration process,
purity of the ice formed (minimum retention of but unfortunately this can
solutes). The conventional method for FC, known cause damage to heat
as suspension freeze concentration (SFC) requires a sensitive components or
complicated system and a high capital cost so that loss of volatile
its practical use is still limited for wastewater compounds, so that
management. Nowadays, many developments of alternative concentration
FC are associated with progressive freeze processes are needed.
concentration (PFC) because of the simpler One possible option is the
separation step. PFC is a type of FC that use of freeze
progressively produces ice crystal layer by layer on concentration, a process
a cooled surface until it forms a large and single ice operated at low
crystal block. Large ice crystal has fewer impurities temperatures, which
or amount of solutes than small ice crystal. So, the favours a good retention
purity of ice crystals produced from PFC is much of thermally fragile
higher than purity of ice crystals produced from components.
SFC. Since there is only a single block of ice crystal,
it would be much easier to separate the ice crystal
from the mother solution which in turn resulting in
low operation and maintenance cost.

Internal
 54 Experimental This study will concentrate on the explosion Dust explosions pose the A study of the 20L Explosive
Study on characteristics of polyethylene dusts. The dusts are most serious and explosibility of Chamber (Block
polyethylene important from both the practical and fundamental widespread of explosion polyethylene dust 4)
dust points of view. These polyethylene dusts are often hazards in the process will be , with a focus
explosion used or occur in plastic-based products industry, industry alongside vapour on the experimental
propensity and an evaluation of their possible explosion cloud explosions (VCE) explosivity constant
hazards is important. and boiling liquid Kst. The data are
expanding vapour usefulfor
explosions (BLEVE). Dust understanding the
explosions almost always basics of dust cloud
lead to serious financial combustion, as well
losses in terms of damage as for evaluating
to facilities and down explosion hazards in
time. They also often the polyethylene
cause serious injuries to processing industries.
personnel, and
fatalities.Polyethylene
dusts are often used or
occur in plastic-based
products industry, and an
evaluation of their
possible explosion
hazards is important.

Internal
 55 Development Boilover is a violent ejection of certain liquid The delayed boilover A boilover also Small
Predictive hydrocarbons due to prolonged burning during a occurrence is an results in the ejection tank/container.
Tool for Area storage tank fire. Boilover is a very dangerous unknown strong of burning liquid over
Affected by accidental phenomenon, which can lead to serious parameter when a wide area. The
the Spread of injuries especially to emergency responders. The managing the emergency severity of the
Burning Fuel boilover can occur several hours after the fuel in a response operations. consequences
during storage tank caught fire. Modelling and simulation depends upon the
Boilover of the boilover amount of fuel
phenomenon will allow vapour consumed in
the prediction of the the fireball and the
important characteristics quantity of liquid fuel
features of such an event ejected out of the
and enable corresponding tank and forming a
safety measures to be pool fire surrounding
prepared. Of particular the tank.To
importance is the time determine the
from ignition to the amount of fuel
occurrence of boilover vapour consumed in
and the area affected due the fireball and the
to splashing of burning quantity of liquid fuel
fuel. ejected out of the
tank during
boilover.Develop
predictive tool to
determine the area
affected due to the
ejection of burning
fuel.

Internal
 56 Copper (ii) Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) will be grafted onto oil palm Owing to non- 1) To synthesis an As mentioned in
ion removal empty fruit bunch (EFB) backbone and cross-linked biodegradable and environment-friendly project
by polyvinyl to produce three dimensional hydrogel for the accumulation in the food EFB-g-PVA hydrogel background.
alcohol (PVA) removal of Cu(II) ions. The hydrogel will be chain, heavymetal ions by grafting PVA onto
hydrogel and optimized to get high heavy metals adsorption such as Cu(II) ions from EFB. 2) To optimize
its capacity by manipulating the reaction temperature, industrialeffluents are the EFB-g-PVA
adsorption/d amounts of EFB, initiator and crosslinking agent. seriously threatening the hydrogel based on its
esorption The structure of the optimized EFB-g-PVA hydrogel environment and public heavy metals
mechanism will be analyzed by Fourier transform infrared healtheven at very low adsorption capacity
(FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), concentrations. In recent at different reaction
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray years, adsorption temperature,
Diffraction (XRD) while its morphology before and hasbecome one of the amounts of EFB,
after adsorption will be tested using scanning alternative wastewater initiator and
electron microscope (SEM). Some parameters for treatments in search for crosslinking agent. 3)
the hydrogel such as volume of non-swollen gel, lowcostadsorbents that To characterize the
percentages of gelation, swelling ratio, and re- have metal-binding optimized hydrogel
usability will also be evaluated. Freundlich and capacities. Adsorption using FTIR, TGA, DSC,
Langmuir isotherm models will be employed to basedon biopolymer XRD and SEM (before
analyze the data for adsorption,desorption and possesses a number of and after
regeneration processes of the hydrogel. advantages including adsorption).
renewable,biodegradable
and modifiable, and was
thus regarded as one of
the mostpopular,
economic and effective
measures for the removal
of heavymetals from
wastewater [1].

Internal
 57 Optimization The utilization of agricultural and industrial wastes The Taguchi method16 is 1) To synthesis an As mentioned in
of a palm and byproductsin removal of heavy metal cations a powerful design of environment-friendly objectives.
empty fruit from wastewater include the use ofapple wastes, experiments developed EFB-g-PVA hydrogel
bunch eggshell, peanut hull, pectin-rich fruit wastes, by G. Taguchi. It provides by grafting PVA onto
grfated ricehusk, sawdust pulp and paper industrial wastes a simple, efficient, and EFB. 2) To optimize
hydrogel by [2]. Hydrogels whichare crosslinked hydrophilic systematic approach to the EFB-g-PVA
Taguchi polymers are capable of expanding theirvolumes optimize the designs for hydrogel using
method and due to their high swelling in water [3]. Accordingly performance, quality, and Taguchi method at
investigation they arewidely used in the purification of cost. The parameter different reaction
of its metal wastewater. Various hydrogels weresynthesized design is the key step in temperature,
ions and their adsorption behavior for heavy metals the Taguchi method to amounts of EFB,
adsorption wasinvestigated such as E.S. Abdel-Halim (2013) achieve high quality initiator and
preparedstarch/poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel for Cd2+ without increasing cost crosslinking agent. 3)
removal. The removal isbasically governed by the and the same is adopted To characterize the
water diffusion into the hydrogel, carryingthe in this paper. The optimized hydrogel
heavy metals inside especially in the absence of evaluation of results has using FTIR, TGA, DSC,
strongly bindingsites [4]. been standardized by this XRD and SEM (before
method, which can easily and after
be applied by adsorption).
researchers. Among other
advantages of Taguchi
method, one can name
the possibility of
performing experiments
in a parallel form

Internal
 58 Synthesis and Hybrid membrane consists of inorganic particles Incorporation of inorganic 1) To synthesize 1) Casting knife2)
Characterizati dispersed in organic matrix. Over the past decade, filler is prone to hybrid membrane 2) Vacuum oven3)
on of Hybrid hybrid membrane has been developed for aggregation which affects To characterize Ultrasonic
Membrane separation of carbon dioxide from methane. the separation hybrid membrane 3) degasser4) Gas
for Gas Nevertheless, the major challenges are aggregation performance of hybrid To perform gas permeation test
Separation and agglomeration of fillers as well as interfacial membrane. permeation test on cell
voids formation, which greatly affect the the hybrid
membranes' separation performance. Therefore, membrane
the compatibility of inorganic/organic materials
need to be improved.

59 Optimization This study aims to optimize ethanol production Biomass waste often 1) To produce - centrifuge
of ethanol from biomass waste using Response Surface causes difficulties in ethanol from
production Methodology (RSM) to evaluate the effects of disposal. Therefore, it biomass waste - shaker incubator
from biomass parameters towards yield. can be converted into
waste using biomass feedstock for 2) To evaluate the - refractometer
Response production of value- effects of parameters
Surface added product. towards ethanol - autoclave etc.
Methodology yield

3) To optimize
ethanol yield using
RSM

Internal
 60 Kinetic and Adsorption is one of the important techniques in There is very limited 1) To investigate the Shaker,
mechanism nickel removal from aqueous solutions. The char study on the investigation nickel ions glasswares,
of nickel ions adsorbent will be prepared using coconut fiber (CF) of removal of Ni (II) from adsorption process of computer, AAS
removal by as precursor via carbonization method. Adsorption aqueous solution using coconut fiber char analyzer
adsorption capacity of Nickel onto CF char adsorbent will be coconut fiber (CF) char as (CFC) adsorbent.2) To
on coconut investigated in batch system by considering the low cost adsorbent study the nickel ions
fiber char effects of initial and temperature.Simple mass and although there is a huge adsorption
adsorbent kinetic models will be applied to the experimental prospective for the usage performances of CFC
data to examine the mechanisms of adsorption and of CF as a Ni (II) adsorbent.
potential rate controlling steps such as external adsorbent.
mass transfer, intraparticle diffusion.

Internal
 61 Synthesis and In recent years, design and preparation of This approach has not 1) To synthesis the Stirrer,
Characterizati template-core-shell silica nanocapsule (SiNC) been reported so far on mercapto- glasswares, FTIR,
on of structures have attracted considerable attention in the capsulation of these functionalized silica BET, SEM
Mercapto- chemical synthesis due to new promising mercapto compounds nanocapsules (M-
Functionalize applications of these materials in corrosion onto silica nanocapsule SiNCs)2) To
d Silica protection, fragrance, material transport and for the application in characterize the
Nanocapsules biomedical. Instead of several applications applied, heavy metal ions mercapto-
(M-SiNCs) For the fascinating structural of silica nanocapsule has adsorption. With regard functionalized silica
Industrial been widely reported because of their low density, to this, the utilization of nanocapsules in term
Applications large inner cavity, colloidal stability, large surface M-SiNC as an adsorbent of physical and
area, high permeability and easily modified by should be attractive than chemical properties.
various functional moieties. Thus, the development conversional method due
of SiNC has attractive much research and industrial to simple preparation
interest. process and easily
functionalized with
various functional groups
that have high affinity
towards metals ions.

Internal
 62 CFD In modern science and engineering nanofluids are The study of fluid flow To study the fluid Simulation tool:
simulations playing a vital role in the application of heat and heat transfer flow behaviour ANSYS (Fluent)
of natural transfer devices due to their effective properties. characteristics in during natural Available in the
convection Addition of nanoparticles in the fluid can alter enclosures has significant convection of simulation lab
heat transfer thermophysical properties of the nanofluid. The importance towards nanofluids at varying
in nanofluids studies on the computational fluid dynamics of thermal management and thermophysical
(Modeling) nanofluids are essential to understand the change optimal design of the propertiesTo study
in viscous and thermal transport proeprties by the systems. Numerical the heat transfer
addition of nanoparticles. These properties include studies on the fluid flow behaviour during
density, viscosity, thermal conductivity and specific and heat transfer natural convection of
heat capacity of nanofluids. Buoyancy driven characteristics in nanofluids at varying
natural convection in enclosures has wide range of rectangular enclosures thermophysical
engineering applications in heat transfer processes. have significant properties
importance towards
energy conservation and
thermal management.
Thermal analysis of
designed geometry can
be studied at varying
nanoparticle
concentrations using 3-
Dimensional simulations.
The effect on the Nusselt
and Rayleigh numbers
can be studied at varying
thermophysical
properties to understand
the natural convection
behaviour in nanofluids.

Internal
 63 CFD In modern science and engineering nanofluids are The study of fluid flow To study the fluid Simulation tool:
simulations playing a vital role in the application of heat and heat transfer flow behaviour ANSYS (Fluent)
of forced transfer devices due to their effective properties. characteristics in finned during forced Available in the
convection Addition of nanoparticles in the fluid can alter pipes has significant convection in finned simulation lab
heat transfer thermophysical properties of the nanofluid. The importance towards pipes by nanofluids
in finned studies on the computational fluid dynamics of thermal management and at varying
pipes by nanofluids are essential to understand the change optimal design of the thermophysical
using in viscous and thermal transport proeprties by the systems. Numerical propertiesTo study
nanofluids addition of nanoparticles. These properties include studies on the fluid flow the heat transfer
(Modeling) density, viscosity, thermal conductivity and specific and heat transfer behaviour during
heat capacity of nanofluids. Forced convection heat characteristics in finned forced convection of
transfer has wide range of engineering applications pipes have significant nanofluids at varying
and need to be studied. importance towards thermophysical
energy conservation and properties
thermal management.
Thermal analysis of
designed geometry can
be studied at varying
nanoparticle
concentrations using 3-
Dimensional simulations.
The effect on the Nusselt
number can be studied at
varying thermophysical
properties to understand
the forced convection
behaviour in nanofluids.

Internal
 64 Diagnosis of In the process industry, it is crucial to ensure A recent hybrid algorithm Hence, the objectives MATLAB/SIMULIN
poor control safety, high product quality, strict environmental that compensates stiction of this research work K
loop compliance, and optimum economics. Among behavior as part of the are:1. To develop an
performance other important factors, this calls for high MPC problems has been NN based online
using hybrid performance of the control loops. Modern developed, however, the stiction detection
model chemical plants consist of a large number of method assumes that algorithm that can be
predictive process units that have hundreds or thousands of stiction has been known easily integrated into
control control loops. These are essential assets because a-priori to be correctly an MPC system
(Modeling & they ensure a high quality of the products, as well detected and sufficiently framework
Simulation) as the safety of personnel and equipment. quantified. The efficiency
Maintaining their performance is usually very time- of the hybrid MPC
consuming but necessary, because of the strongly depends on the
increasing environmental, societal and competitive correct detection and
demands, aggravated by the lack of adequate quantitification
training and experience of the staff in process techniques.
control troubleshooting.One of the main root
causes for poor performance is control valve
malfunctions. In particular, stiction is a long-
standing valve problem in the process industry,
causing limit cycles with a negative impact on
process performance and undermining economic
performance of the assets. Various reports have
indicated that approximately 20%-30% of
oscillating control loops are caused by control valve
stiction problems. Hence, it appears that the
potential benefit of such advanced control
algorithm as Model Predictive Control (MPC) could
be made inconsequential because of poor control
valve performance. Therefore, it is important to
detect this phenomenon as early as possible, to
distinguish it from other oscillation causes, to
determine the correct maintenance measures, and,
if applicable, to apply proper stiction
compensation. The adequate mitigation of the
stiction phenomenon allows to guarantee a high-
level performance of the control loops, to extend
the lifetime of control valves and to reduce
maintenance costs.

Internal
 65 Dynamic Malaysias primary energy demand is projected to A preliminary 1) To develop CO2 Aspen Plus
modeling of grow at an annual rate of 3.5%, with natural gas experimental study absorption model in
CO2 removal projected to grow at the second fastest rate of conducted on a high Aspen Plus2) To
via 2.9%. Over 13 trillions cubic feet natural gas pressure pilot-scale validate the models
absorption at reserves in Malaysia, however, are undeveloped absorption column with real data from
high pressure due to high CO2 content. CO2 removal is essential indicates that natural gas the pilot plant to 3)
using Aspen in natural gas processing to ensure high quality gas with high CO2 content To investigate,
Plus stream products and prevent corrosion of gas could be treated analyze and elucidate
transport network and process equipment. In this satisfactorily using high- thoroughly the CO2
work, the possibility of exploring high CO2 content pressure packed column absorption dynamics
natural gas reserves by treatment at offshore and has potential for at high pressures via
platform will be investigated offshore application. extensive dynamic
Nevertheless, steady- simulation studies
state analysis only
capable of telling the
start and the end-points
of a particular run, but
not how to get there
which is essential to
control the temperature
rise and ensure optimum
absorption is achieved.
Hence, this project aims
to develop dynamic
models of a high pressure
bench-scale absorption
column using rate-based
approach to provide
insights into the complex
behavior of the high
pressure systems and to
assist in understanding
the absorption dynamics
that are pre-requisites for
optimal design of the
systems for offshore
applications.

Internal
 66 Chemical Tablet from biobased formulation require to be The current blood glucose To test the solubility Compaction
properties of dissolved in the imitate digestion system which control depend on the of biobased tablet in machineGrinder
biobased should be according to the natural body synthetic based drug with comparison to the
tablet for assimilation period similar like synthetic based long term impact to long synthetic drug based
blood glucose tablet. This will gives appropriate response to the term health. The blood glucose
equilibrium blood equilibrium in excess blood glucose biobased tablet to solve control.To measure
environment. the same problem should the blood glucose
have the same capacity in equilibrium capacity
the chemical properties of the biobased
for a suitable alternative tablet
blood control to diabetic
patient.

67 Fibrous Green building material will help save the usage of Typical building material To formulate the The tools needed
geopolymer energy and create sustainable development. The made of cement cause suitable fibrous strength test
material for common material made of concrete from cement CO2 large emission to the material into machine
green emit large CO2 emission to the environment due to environment. Substitute construction material
building combustion occur in cement kiln. The green material made of organic like cement and Hobard blender
material help to reduce CO2 while have many residue promote other cementitious
advantages beside cost saving. sustainable use of organic blend for brick
material as part of the formation.
construction component
is a practical ways to To test the fibrous
reduce the cement usage. brick strength and
other common
properties of brick

Internal
 68 Study on the The transport properties of gas through membrane Albeit acknowledgement 1) To develop a Molecular
effect of have been reported to be temperature dependent. of the effect of operating sequence of simulation
operating This issue has been exemplified in real industrial temperature to transport molecular modeling software (E.g.
temperature membrane separation attributed to the fact that properties of procedure to Materials Studio)
to the feed gas introduced to membrane system is membranes, the simulate
transport generally at non-ambient condition. The temperature dependent experimentally
properties of temperature range can be fairly wide dependent phenomena is still not validated membrane
polymeric upon source of the reservoir. completely understood. structures at
membranes Molecular simulation has different operating
using been proposed as a viable temperature.2) To
molecular alternative to elucidate elucidate the
simulation phenomenological transport properties
tool characteristic of (e.g. solubility,
membrane materials diffusivity and
from the atomistic point permeability) of
of view. Nonetheless, to membrane structures
date, the adaptation of at different operating
molecular simulation temperature
tools to simulate
membrane behaviour at
different operating
temperatures have
received less scrutiny and
remains an intriguing
area of research.

Internal
 69 Development Removal of CO2 from natural gas is necessary to Separation efficiency of 1. To develop of a Chemicals:
and make it useful on industrial and domestic scale. polymeric membranes is polymeric membrane Polymer, Solvent
performance Membrane technology is one of the most feasible affected by swelling in for CO2 separation2. Gases: Pure CO2
evaluation of and economical techniques for CO2 separation. membrane. Swelling is To characterize and & CH4, Mixed
polymeric Polymeric membranes are good candidate for caused by water present evaluate the CO2/CH4Equipme
membrane efficient CO2 separation from natural gas at in feed particularly at performance of the nt: Stirring hot
for CO2 industrial scale. offshore platforms. developed plate, casting
separation Water penetration in membrane under knife, CO2SMU
under wet membrane destroys the wet feed conditions for performance
feed polymer structure and as evaluation,
conditions. a result separation vacuum oven
performance of polymeric
membrane is affected.
Therefore, It is necessary
to develop a polymeric
membrane with good
performance under wet
feed conditions.

Internal
 70 Densification The use of solid, densified cellulosic biomass fuels Earlier tests were done The study aims to Instron machine
and has been well demonstrated with wood pellets in using pellets of various investigate the pellet making
combustion residential and light commercial systems and wood feedstocks (mulch hay, properties of pellet Furnace (high
studies of chips in larger, often centralized systems. The grass reed canary grass, and from napier and EFB temperature),
napier and energy of the Bioenergy Initiative has been switch grass) and material for energy Analytical
efb biomass exploring an alternative form of fuel; grasses combinations of product. Instruments
for pellet densified in a specially developed processor to take feedstocks (mixed with
production the form of 1.5-2.0 or less round cylindrical wood) (Sherman, 2011).
pucks. Grass fuels may be produced on otherwise This testing was done in a
marginal agricultural land, sometimes in perennial Solagen boiler (500,000
production and even in buffer strips offering BTU/hr) designed for
environmental benefit. Additionally, fuel can be wood pellets and many
made by densifying agricultural residue or biomass other testing devices.This
harvested from idle pasture or fields, in this report also noted that the
case/study palm oil waste EFB. We have referred to challenges associated
this fuel as Ag Biomass. The testing summarized with high ash content and
in this report has demonstrated the technical and clinker formation could
economic feasibility of such fuels. be alleviated with
appliance / modification
of the material formula
considerations such as
addition of less ash
content material such as
EFB and pre-treated
methods. Detailed
combustion profiling was
also conducted as part of
this prior work.

Internal
 71 Polishing of In a wastewater treatment process, removal of Ineffective secondary The core objective of TOOLS/EQUIPME
real full-scale nutrients (mostly nitrogen (N) and phosphorous wastewater treatment this study is to assess NTS
secondary (P)) is necessary before releasing the effluent to plant leads to partial the effectiveness of REQUIREDMembr
effluent the environment to avoid nutrient enrichment or treatment of the membrane ane
wastewater eutrophication which imbalance the ecosystem. To nutrients. Therefore, photobioreactor photobioreactor,
treatment remove N and P, the secondary treatment can be polishing step is often (MPBR) for removing UV-VIS or
plant using tuned through the combination of various required to meet the nutrients from full- gravimetric for
membrane anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic tanks. Alternatively, effluent discard standard. scale UTP secondary biomass analysis,
photobioreac a chemical precipitation can be used to remove P. One promising alternative wastewater HACH-Lange
tors: The aforementioned methods are energy-intensive, for the polishing step is treatment plant. At reagents for
microalgae involve extra equipment, and complicate by using membrane the same time, the nutrients and
biomass operation. In addition, the increasingly strict rules photobioreactor. Despite MPBR will also organic carbon
production on wastewater discharge require very low nutrient extensive research proof produce useful analyses.
and nutrients concentrations in the discharge flows. There is thus the effectiveness of this biomass that can be
remediation a clear demand for a cost-effective and efficient method, to our best used for different
process.The use of wastewater as a medium and knowledge, none of them purposes (i.e.,
nutrient source to grow microalgae would also act deals directly using real feedstock for energy
as an environmentally sustainable solution to fulfill secondary effluents. production:
the needs for freshwater and nutrient Treating real wastewater biodiesel,
supplementation to microalgae cultivation. will suffer from numerous bioethanol). Several
Integration of microalgal cultivation in a challenges such as main parameter that
wastewater treatment process is a promising variable feed will be investigated
alternative for nutrient removals. It has been compositions, risk of in this projects are
proven effective for treating synthetic municipal, contamination, day-and- hydraulic and
agricultural, industrial, and synthetic night cycles, membrane biomass retention
wastewaters.Since most microalgae are photo- fouling that originates times. They will be
autotrophic, they cannot use organic carbon in from feed constituents, assessed in term of
wastewater as carbon source. Consequently, no and so on. treatment efficiency
removal of such substances can be realized when (nutrients removals)
solely using microalgae to treat wastewater. In the and membrane
common practice where abundant organic carbon fouling propensity.
is present in wastewater, an appropriate approach
would be to remove the carbon first via a simplified
secondary effluent and then to polish the effluent
using microalgae in a PBR.

Internal
 72 Development The application of geopolymer technology so far Geopolymers are derived - To determine Material
of Fibrous focuses mostly on construction areas, particularly from silica and alumina suitable biopolymers development-
Mixed Matrix in the development of reduced-CO2 construction with an alkaline solution. for geopolymer glasswares, mixer,
Composites materials as a substitute to calcium silicate The inert resulting composites- To mill, mould and
of cements. However, this new class of material has materials are beneficial synthesize hybrid ovenCharacterizat
Geopolymer high potential in immobilization of toxic metals and for construction-based composites of ion- FTIR, TGA,
and other contaminants due to its porosity. By application. There are biopolymer and BET, SEM, XRD,
Biopolymers introducing biopolymers into geopolymer matrix, a few current work trying geopolymer- To compression
new hybrid composite material can be developed to exploit geopolymer for characterize the raw tester
with improved biodegradable and functional water treatment. materials and
properties. Geopolymers could products
possibly be functionalized
with ligands to target
specific water-borne
organic pollutants.
Challenges to synthesize
such composites include
homogeneous filler
distribution, good
interfacial adhesion
between matrix and filler
particles as well as
compatibility issues
between the two phases.
The introduction of bio-
fillers could potentially
increase ductility
properties of geopolymer
for better processability
into various product
forms such as membrane,
adsorbent resin and fiber.

Internal
 73 Optimization Humic acid is a known fertilizer derived from Previously, humic acid - To produce humic Compost
of Voltage decomposed organic matters. Organic wastes are was produced at different acids at various generation- DIY
Generation of normally landfilled for disposal which had Carbon to Nitrogen (C/N) compost tumblers
Humic Acid contributed negatively to the environment. From ratios of vermicompost at formulations- To (available), mixer
Battery waste-to-wealth perspective, such wastes are 20, 25, 30 and 35 using purify humic acid and mill, pH and T
Derived from potential precursors for compost fertilizers. When UTP based organics. The using DAX reagent- propsCharacteriza
UTP worms are added into a composting process, the temperature and pH To correlate the tion- TKN and
Vermicompos process is termed as vermicomposting. In this profiles of composting voltage generation to TOC analyser,
ts at Various work, humic acid from vermicompost derived from revealed that the the vermicompost oven and furnace,
C/N Ratios campus green wastes was developed into a compost was ready after recipes HPLC, voltmeter
battery. This adds value proposition to compost 55 days. The humic acid
instead of being traditionally used as soil improver was extracted from
alone. compost via alkaline
extraction followed by
precipitation in a strong
acid. The net voltage
produced by a single
vermibattery cell with Zn
and PbO electrodes was
in the range of 0.31 to
0.44 V with compost at
C/N ratio of 30 gave the
highest voltage. This
voltage generation is still
very low for most minor
applications, new
vermicompost recipes
should be researched to
maximize the energy
output. Composting
campus green wastes
caries multi-fold benefits
of reducing labour
requirement, generating
fertilizer for campus
greenery and green
battery construction.

Internal
 74 Hydrodynami In a multiphase liquid-liquid reaction, the common In a continuous liquid- To investigate the Computer
c studies on way of phase separation is by using the effect of liquid multiphase reaction hydrodynamic equipped with
liquid-liquid gravity or density different. However, in the micro- study, a fast separation of characteristic such as Ansys Fluent
two phase scale process, the capillary effect overcome the the two components has velocity and pressure software for CFD
flow gravity effect, and the viscous force overcome the to be done in order to drop on the simulation
separation in inertial force. Therefore, the phase separation in control a specific performance of
micro-reactor micro-scale process by using gravity and density residence time of a phase separation
difference are no longer applicable. In this study, reaction. The inside a
the hydrodynamic parameter such as velocity and hydrodynamic microchannel
pressure drop will be investigated on the phase characteristic of the reactor.
separation performance in a microchannel flow. multiphase flow in a
microchannel has to be
investigated in order to
design a fast phase
separation process for a
continuous liquid-liquid
multiphase reaction.

Internal
 75 Factors In a multiphase liquid-liquid reaction, the common In a continuous liquid- To study the factor of Micro reactor
affecting two way of phase separation is by using the effect of liquid multiphase reaction capillary size and
phase flow gravity or density different. However, in the micro- study, a fast separation of junction geometry
separation in scale process, the capillary effect overcome the the two components has for the design of
micro-reactor gravity effect, and the viscous force overcome the to be done in order to liquid-liquid phase
inertial force. Therefore, the phase separation in control a specific separator in a
micro-scale process by using gravity and density residence time of a microchannel flow.
difference are no longer applicable. In this study, reaction. Different
the factor of capillary size and geometry shape will geometry shapes and
be investigated on the phase separation capillary sizes may affect
performance in a microchannel flow. the performance of phase
separation. It is possible
to have perfect
separation between two
liquids, but the flow
properties inside a
microchannel separator
has to be understood.

76 Treatment of
Palm Oil
Effluent using
Nanofiltratio
n Membrane

77 Investigation Batik industry has faced a lot of challenges Efficient and cheap To run adsorption Adsorption
of Kenaf as especially in treating waste water. Thus. kenaf is removal of dyes from using kenaf waste. column
Dye Removal identified as cheap material to remove the dyes. waste water in batik
in Batik industry To identify maximum UV-VIS
Industry uptake of adsorption.
Glasswares

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 78 H2 Sunlight can be converted into energy through Loading cocatalyst on To synthesize and OvenWeight
production various ways. One of the promising ways is water photocatalyst are proven characterize BalanceFourier
using the splitting process by using photocatalysts. The to enhance the charge photocatalystTo test Transform
visible light photocatalyst is a material that functions as a separation and suppress using z scheme Infrared (FTIR)X-
using catalyst when exposed to the light and alters the the recombination rate of mechanism. Ray Dispersion
photocatalyst chemical reaction for producing energy from the photogenerated carriers. (XRD)Field
sunlight. This methodology is an environmentally In addition, the loading of Emission Scanning
approaches and do not produce greenhouse dual cocatalyst are Electron
gasses. Furthermore, sunlight energy that is proven to increase the Microscope
generated from water splitting process is cheap to photocatalytic activity (FESEM)UV-
operate and it is a green process since there is no due to the synergistic Visible
byproducts. effect. Spectroscopy
(UV-
VIS)Photolumines
cence
Spectroscopy

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 79 Ionic Liquid Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are becoming Imidazolium-based ionic - To synthesize and - For synthesis:
electrolyte appealing option to researchers and industry for liquids have almost characterise Three neck flask,
for dye potential energy production. It is due to its dominated the research imidazolium based rotary
sensitized potential low-cost with reasonably high efficiency of ionic liquid-based ionic liquid - To evaporator,
solar cells compared to the conventional Si and GaAs cell. electrolyte due to high perform a binary heating and
There are three major components of DSSCs which photovoltaic performance ionic liquid to form a magnetic stirrer-
are the semiconductor, the dye and the electrolyte. of the solar cells. eutectic mixture- To Characterisation:
the electrolyte is responsible for the inner charge However, the high characterise ionic Electrochemical
carrier transport between electrodes. It consists of viscosity of this ionic charge transport impedance
a redox couple such as iodide/tri-iodide and/or liquid limits the properties of the spectroscopy,
additives dissolved in a solvent. Organic solvents transportation of ionic liquid as NMR, FTIR, solar
were commonly used in the electrolyte for DSSCs triiodide in the electrolyte- To simulator
due to its high efficiency in producing energy. electrolyte. characterise
However, the high volatility of the solvents caused electrolyte performa
them to evaporate under thermal stress and causes
deterioration of the cell over prolonged use.
Therefore, ionic liquid solvents have been pursued
as promising electrolyte as they possess good
chemical and thermal stability, high ionic
conductivity, tuneable viscosity and also low
volatility.

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 80 Encapsulatio Controlled-release nitrogen (N) fertilizers "Controlled release "1. To synthesize "1. For synthesis:
n of urease include coated ureas, noncoated "chemical- urea fertiliser often and characterise Three neck
inhibitor chitosan based bottom flask, hot
release" forms and other products. These used non-
using biopolymer plate with
biopolymer fertilizers can reduce N losses by delaying the biodegradable 2. To formulate a magnetic stirrer,
initial supply of N and providing it gradually to material. Therefore stable mixture to rotary evaporator
the developing crop. Nutrient release from developing a encapsulate urease 2. For
polymer-coated urea is controlled by the biopolymer that have inhibitor characterisation:
properties of the coating material (i.e., its the benefit of 3. To study the effect FTIR, TGA, UV-Vis
of the polymer blend Spectrophotomet
permeability characteristics as affected by biodegradability and as controlled release er, "
temperature and moisture). Controlled- made from low cost fertiliser
release products may be most useful in high- raw materials are of "
value crops, environmentally sensitive areas, interest in this area.
fields highly susceptible to N losses or with However a need to
limited opportunities for repeat applications. modify the polymer in
Controlled release fertilizers generate savings order to meet the
in fertilizer quantity and the labor of requirement such as its
application frequency because only a single mechanical strength,
application is required for the growth season. its ability to permeate
water and urea
solution, its capability
to impede immediate
urea escape from the
coating surface; and its
ability to release urea
in a manner that meets
a crop's metabolic
requirements over a
specified period of
time.

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 81 COMPUTATI Natural gas is a mixture of methane and some In the previous research, 1. To determine the ANSYS FLUENT
ONAL FLUID other gases that are actually impurities. Carbon the performance of CO2 effect of software
DYNAMICS dioxide (CO2) is considered as a major impurity and adsorption from the bulk concentration, (available in UTP
Adsorption an undesirable component that needs to be flow of CH4/CO2 utilizing column Chem Eng PC
Efficiency of removed from the bulk flow. Various separation nanoporous agrowaste- characteristics, feed Block 5)
Carbon processes have been utilized in the industry for its based adsorbents has flow rate and bed
Dioxide from removal; yet, adsorption system using packed bed been studied in a small porosity towards
Natural Gas is considered a promising technology for the CO2 system called High adsorption efficiency
Flow Utilizing capture. In this work, adsorption efficiency of CO2 Pressure Volumetric in a steady state,
Nanoporous for the CH4/CO2 system will be determined inside Adsorption (HPVA) nanoporous
Agrowaste- the packed-bed nanoporous agrowaste-based chamber. The system is agrowaste-based
based Packed media through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) able to predict the packed bed system.2.
Column approach. The effect of operating variables such as efficiency of CO2 removal To propose an
feed flow rate, CH4/CO2 concentrations and bed from CH4/CO2 mixture optimum system for
porosity towards the adsorption process and CO2 using minute amount of the CO2 removal
purification are to be explored to examine the adsorbent that is filled based on the rate of
influence of each parameter on the process inside the chamber. Since adsorption for the
performance. the system is to be scaled nanoporous
up, the performance of a agrowaste-based
larger packed column is packed bed.
to be predicted in terms
of its flow dynamics, as
well as the transport and
kinetics properties of the
sorption system. An
integrated computational
fluid dynamics (CFD)
modeling and simulation
approach is therefore
required to account for
3D simulation studies for
an optimum packed
column design.

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 82 EXPERIMENT Batik industry is a cottage-type industry that has The main concern on the 1. To determine the Dye/pigmentAdso
Dye Removal contributed to the Malaysian economy through the dye-containing effect of adsorbent rbentsFTIR
from generation of small and medium enterprises (SME) wastewater is its loading towards the Spectrophotomet
Wastewater by articulating the indigenous fabric design and composition prior efficiency of dye erUV-Vis
Utilizing printing into wearables and accessories sold in the discharge that contains removal from Spectrophotomet
Stirred-Tank market. Due to the vast demand from local market high amount of dye or wastewater in the erStirrer system
Impeller-Bed and abroad, batik industries has been growing pigments that exceed STIBA system.2. To
Adsorption rapidly; resulting into continuous production allowable Environmental examine the effect of
System through the years. As the manufacturing is mostly Quality Act (EQA) agitation mechanism
(STIBA). produced in a small scale where the manufacturers standard. Most dyes are on the adsorption
prefer to build their industrial unit in their home not easily separated from rate for the STIBA
backyard or alongside the river, the usual tendency water due to their system.3. To
is to discharge the effluent by flowing it into the complex structure and investigate the
drain or the river stream. As batik industries synthetic origin. It is well optimum power
consume dyes, they generated a considerable known that 70-80% of all consumption of the
amount of coloured wastewater prior discharge. illness in developing STIBA system that
Numerous treatment methods such as adsorption, countries is related to would contribute to
coagulation flocculation, biodegradation, ion- water contamination. As high efficiency of dye
exchange, chemical oxidation, ozonation, reverse batik industry normally removal from
osmosis, membrane filtration and electrochemical involves small family- wastewater.
methods have been subjected to remove dye based set ups, access and
molecules from effluents. However, these differ in ability to treat the
their efficiency, cost and environmental impact. wastewater is practically
Adsorption is considered as a treatment method non-existent. This project
that gives the finest removal capacity as it can be will explore on the
used to remove the different colouring materials. deployment of a system
The method also removes the entire dye molecule, to remove dye and
leaving no fragments in the effluent, and by which pigments by employing a
activated carbon is the most generally used novel, stirred-tank
adsorbent for dye removal from the effluent. impeller-bed adsorption
Activated carbon is considered a very sustainable system as a process to
material as it is produced from the ago-based purify dye-containing
waste that is currently discarded as a by-product of effluents fit for discharge
the manufacturing. and comply with the
environmental
regulations.

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 83 Closed-loop System identification is the method of developing Model parameters affect
Identification dynamic model from experimental data. When the the accuracy of model
of MIMO data for identification is collected from closed-loop developed using system
Systems system the identification is known as closed-loop identification
identification. This project investigates the impact significantly. However,
of model parameters on the accuracy of the model. when the system is
MIMO the effect of
parameters becomes
more complex to
understand. This project
tries to find a systematic
approach to address this.
1. To develop a MATLAB software
dynamic model of a
CSTR and a SIMULINK
MODEL2. To
generate closed-loop
identification data3.
To investigate the
effect of selected
model parameters on
the accuracy of
MIMO models
developed by system
identification

84 Control of An Model predictive controller has been very effective One of the most common 1. To develop a ASPEN/HYSIS
Azeotropic for control of MIMO systems. One of the most MIMO system challenging binary azeotropic software
Distillation common MIMO system challenging for control by for control by MPC is a distillation column
Using Model MPC is a distillation column. The challenge is distillation column. The using ASPEN HYSIS
Predictive expected to amplify when the distillation is challenge is expected to
Controller azetropic. In this project, the performance of a well amplify when the 2. To develop a linear
tuned linear MPC controller is investigated when distillation is azetropic. In MPC for controlling
the column is operated around the azeotropic this project, the the distillation
point. performance of a well column
tuned linear MPC
controller is investigated 3. To investigate the
when the column is performance of the
operated around the controller as the
azeotropic point. controlled variables
approach the
azeotropic point.

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 85 Normality
Test for
Inherently
Safer Design
Level: A case
study of Shell
and Tube
Heat
Exchanger
Network
86 Developmen "Geopolymers are inorganic polymers A challenging issue in "1. To synthesise Available in the
t of produced by alkali activation of materials rich developing a good and characterize Geopolymer Lab,
geopolymer various geopolymer Level 1, Building
in silica and alumina. They exhibit excellent coating for urea is the
film for urea mixes by varying the 5.
diffusion. properties such as good compressive strength, control of porosity of Si/Al ratio, potassium
fire resistance and thermal stability, thus geopolymers. This hydroxide and
making it viable for various applications such property will also affect potassium silicate
as in coatings. the setting time and solution
crushing strength of
2. To synthesis and
coated urea.In this characterize
Urea is a synthetic fertilizer used widely in the study, the diffusion of geopolymer layer
agriculture industry. However, approximately urea in solution acroos from selected mixes.
20-70% of the nitrogen in urea is lost to the a geopolymer layer
from selected 2. To determine the
environment due to various processes, leading
diffusion coefficient
to environmental problem. One method to geopolymer mixes will
of urea solution
avoid nutrient loss is by coating urea. be studied using a across the selected
diffusion cell. The geopolymer layer."
Various coating materials have been properties and results
researched to control the release. However, obtained will be an
they have limitations such as high cost, non- indicator for potential
biodegradable etc. Geopolymer is a potential application of
material to be developed for urea coating to geopolymers as
control the release of urea. Limited study has material coatings for
been reported on application of geopolymers urea.

Internal
 for coating urea.

87 Explosion Nanotechnology revolution seems to be one Most of the literature This project aims to A 20L spherical
Study of of the fastest growing industries and found in the investigate the explosion test
Engineered accidental chamber will be
promising technologies in our society. publications and
Nanomaterial nanoparticle factors used. Two
s Engineered Nanomaterials (ENMs) is one of journals related to the affected to the different
the new advance materials developed and toxicology aspect of dispersal behaviours materials; carbon
applied in new nanotechnologies such as nanoparticle dispersion produced by ENMs nanofiber (CNF)
electronics, cosmetics, medical drug, nutrition regardless its explosive and determine the and multi-walled
and other numerous complex industries. aspect. There are properties and carbon nanotube
mechanisms (MWCNT) are
Nanoscale particle size of ENMs contains limited studies had attached to the being used as the
highly toxic and explosive properties. been conducted and ENMs particle input for the
However, most literature focus on the only limited release. These two experiment
understanding of the toxicology behaviour of fundamental data of objectives can be
nano materials rather than the explosive the nanoparticle obtained by using a
20 L spherical
hazards. The recent studies of dust explosion explosion properties
explosion test
hazards of micro scale particles concluded that are available [1] [2] [3]. chamber. Two
the severity of a confined dust explosion could Predictions regarding different materials;
increase as the particle size decreases at a explosive potential of carbon nanofiber
certain level. At this level the particle size has ENMs seem uncertain (CNF) and multi-
walled carbon
no significant effect anymore. Therefore, there due to the limited data
nanotube (MWCNT)
are uncertainties on the explosive behaviour as compared to the are being used as the
of ENMs in dust explosion phenomena. micron () size. On the input for the
other hand, there is experiment. The
still lack of concentrations of
fundamental study on CNT and MWCNT
used are 100 g/m3
the behaviors and and 125 g/m3
release mechanisms of respectively.
nanoparticle.
Eventhough Safe Work
Australia (2013) had
studied the hazards

Internal
 associated to ENMs but
it just focuses on
determination of ENMs
hazardous properties
[2]. In fact, the
exposure assessment
of nanoparticle which
measure one billionth
of a meter or smaller is
a critical area of
developing risk
management program
[2] [4] [5]. Therefore,
the investigation of
accidental release
nanoparticle behaviors
and its mechanisms in
ENMs industry need to
be developed in order
to formulate
fundamental source
term model.
88 Thermodyn An investigation to the thermodynamic Need to know what To investigate what ASPEN-HYSYS /
amic parameters at equilibrium for aqueous phase components produced components are ASPEN PLUS /
Analysis of reforming of sorbitol at equilibrium via APR produced during MATLAB
Aqueous of Sorbitol APR of Sorbitol and whichever is
Phase compared with convenience
Reforming experimental study
of Sorbitol

89 Aqueous To investigate by experimentation of what Synthesizing cheaper To synthesize High pressure

Phase chemicals can be produced via the synthesized catalysts for value cheap catalyst for a reactor with

Internal
 Reforming catalysts (Ni-Ca/Al2O3 or Ni-Mg/Al2O3 or Ni- added chemicals production of value some chemicals
of Sorbitol Ca-Mg/Al2O3) added chemicals (will be working
via Group II via aqueous phase together with a
Doped reforming of MSc student)
Ni/Al203 sorbitol
Catalyst
To optimise the
necessary
parameters

90 Waste water
and
Environment
91 Waste water
and
Environment
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
100

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