29/03/2017 WorksheetGasLawProblemsAPlevel

WorksheetGasLawProblemsAPlevel

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GotomoreAPGasLawProblems

Problem#1:

AsampleofCH4isconfinedinawater
manometer.Thetemperatureofthesystemis
30.0Candtheatmosphericpressureis98.70
kPa.Whatisthepressureofthemethanegas,
iftheheightofthewaterinthemanometeris
30.0mmhigherontheconfinedgassideof
themanometerthanontheopentothe
atmosphereside.(DensityofHgis13.534
g/mL).

Solution:

1)Convert30.0mmofH2Otoequivalentmmofmercury:

(30.0mm)(1.00g/mL)=(x)(13.534g/mL)

x=2.21664mm(Iwillcarrysomeguarddigits.)

2)ConvertmmHgtokPa:

2.21664mmHgx(101.325kPa/760.0mmHg)=0.29553kPa

3)DeterminepressureofenclosedwetCH4:

AtpointAintheabovegraphic,weknowthis:

Patmo.press.=PwetCH4+Pthe30.0mmwatercolumn

98.70kPa=x+0.29553kPa

x=98.4045kPa

5)DeterminepressureofdryCH4:

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FromDalton'sLaw,weknowthis:

PwetCH4=PdryCH4+Pwatervapor

(Water'svaporpressureat30.0Cis31.8mmHg.ConvertittokPa.)

98.4045kPa=x+4.23965kPa

x=94.1648kPa

Basedonprovideddata,usethreesignificantfiguresso94.2kPa.

Problem#2:Amixtureofnitrogenandneongasescontainsequalmolesofeachgasandhasatotalmassof
10.0g.Whatisthedensityofthisgasmixtureat500Kand15.0atm?Assumeidealgasbehavior.

Solution:

1)Letx=molesN2andy=molesNe.Therefore,fromtheproblem:

28x+20y=10

2)Howeverx=y,therefore:

48x=10

x=0.208molesN2
y=0.208molesNe

totalmolesinmixture=0.416
"molarmass"ofmixture=10.0g/0.416mol=24.0g/mol

3)ManipulatePV=nRTasfollows:

a)replacenwithggmol1

b)PV=gRT/MM(MMisthemolarmass)

c)PV(MM)=gRT

d)P(MM)/RT=g/V

(g/Vistheunitforgasdensity.)

4)Insertvaluesandsolve:

(15.0x24.0)/(0.08206x500)=g/V

density=8.8g/L

Comment:using28.014and20.18ratherthan28and20(andcarryingsomeguarddigits)shouldrefinethe
valueabitbetter.Thebookanswertothisproblemis8.81g/L.

Problem#3:

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Three1.00Lflasksat25.0Cand1013hPapressurecontain:CH4(flaskA),CO2(flaskB)andNH3(flaskC).
Whichflask(ornone)contains0.041molofgas?

Solution:

Threeimportantpoints:

(a)Allthreeflasksareatequalpressures(bytheway,1013hPaisnotusuallyseen.Itisthesameas
101.3kPa,whichis1atmosphere).

(b)Allthreeflasksareatthesametemperature.

(c)Allthreeflaskshavethesamevolume.

TheabovesatisfiesAvogaro'sHypothesis:equalvolumesofgasesunderthesameconditionsofpressureand
temperature,containequalnumberofmolecules.

Therefore,allthreeflaskseitherallcontain0.041molornonedoes.WewillcheckflaskA,usingPV=nRT:

(1.00atm)(1.00L)=(n)(0.08206Latmmol1K1)(298K)

n=0.0409mol

Allthreeflaskscontain0.041molofthedifferentgases.

Problem#4:Whatisheight(inmm)ofacolumnofethanolifthepressureatthebaseofthecolumnis1.50
atm?(ThedensityofHgis13.534g/cm3andethanolis0.789g/cm3.)

Solution:

1)convertatmtommHg:

(1.50atm)(760mmHg/atm)=1140mmHg

2)convertmmHgtommofethanol:

(x)(0.789g/cm3)=(1140mmHg)(13.534g/cm3)

x=19,555mmC2H5OH

Problem#5:Whatisheight(inmm)ofacolumnofmethaneifthepressureatthebaseofthecolumnis1.50
atm?(ThedensityofHgis13.534g/cm3andmethaneis0.717kg/m3.)

Solution:

1)convertatmtommHg:

(1.50atm)(760mmHg/atm)=1140mmHg

2)convertkg/m3tog/cm3

kg/m3x(1000g/kg)=1000g/m3

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1000g/m3x(m3/106cm3)=g/1000cm3

Inotherwords,toconvertfromkg/m3tog/cm3,youdivideby1000

0.717kg/m3=0.000717g/cm3

3)convertmmHgtommCH4:

(x)(0.000717g/cm3)=(1140mmHg)(13.534g/cm3)

x=2.15x107mmCH4

Problem#6:1.0Lofliquidnitrogeniskeptinaclosetmeasuring1.0mby1.0mby2.0m.Assumingthatthe
containeriscompletelyfull,thatthetemperatureis25.0C,andthattheatmosphericpressureis1.0atm,
calculatethepercent(byvolume)ofairthatwouldbedisplacedifalltheliquidnitrogenevaporated.(Liquid
nitrogenhasadensityof0.807g/mL.)

Solution:

1)calculategrams,thenmolesofN2:

0.807gmL1x1000mL=807g

807g/28.014gmol1=28.8070mol

2)CalculatevolumeofN2atstatedpressureandtemperature:

V=nRT/P

V=[(28.8070)(0.08206)(298)]/1.00

V=704.44L

3)Calculatevolumeofclosetinliters:

1.0mx1.0mx2.0m=2.0m3

2.0m3=2000L

Note:seehereforshortvideoonhowtoconvertbetweenm3andL.

4)AssumeN2displaces704.44Lofair:

704.44/2000=0.3522

35.2%oftheairgetsdisplaced.

Problem#7:CalculateKpforeachofthetworeactions(happeninginthesameflask):

2FeSO4(s)<===>Fe2O3(s)+SO3(g)+SO2(g)

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SO3(g)<===>SO2(g)+1/2O2(g)

Afterequilibriumisreached,totalpressureis0.836atmandpartialpressureofoxygenis0.0275atm.

Solution:

1)Basedonthe1:1stoichiometryofthefirstreaction,

PSO3=PSO2

callthisvalue'x'

2)Afterthesecondreactionfinishes,atequilibriumweknowthefollowing:

thePSO3valuehasgonedownfromthatproducedbyreaction1(becausesomeSO3producedby
reaction1wasusedup)
thePSO2hasgoneupfromthatproducedinreaction1(becausesomeSO2wasmade,inadditionto
thatmadeinreaction1)

3)SinceweknowPO2atequilibriumtobe0.0275atm:

PSO3=x0.0275
PSO2=x+0.0275

4)Thesumofallthreeequilibriumpressuresis0.836atm:

(x0.0275)+(x+0.0275)+0.0275=0.836
x=0.40425atm

5)Kpforthefirstreactionis:

Kp=(PSO3)(PSO2)

Kp=(0.40425)(0.40425)=0.163

5)Kpforthesecondreactionis:

Kp=[(PSO2)(PO2)1/2]/(PSO3)

Kp=[(0.43175)(0.0275)1/2]/(0.37675)=0.190

Problem#8:Ahumidifierisusedinabedroomkeptat22.0C.Thebedroom'svolumeis4.0x104L.Assume
thattheairisoriginallydryandnomoistureleavestheroomwhilethehumidifierisoperating.

a.Ifthehumidifierhasacapacityof3.00gallonsofH2O,willtherebeenoughtosaturatetheroom
withwatervapor(vpofH2Oat22.C=19.83mmHg)?

b.Whatisthefinalpressureofwatervaporintheroomwhenthehumidifierhasvaporizedtwo
thirdsofitswatersupply?

Solutiontoparta:
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1)Determinethemassofwatervaporintheroom(whensaturatedwithwatervapor):

PV=nRTn=PV/RT

n=(0.0261atm)(4.0x104L)/(0.08206)(295K)

n=43.11373mol(Ikeptallthedigitsonmycalculator.IskippedtheunitsonR.)

grams=(43.11373mol)x(18.0152g/mol)=776.7gramsofwater

2)Determinethegramsofwaterin3.00gallons:

OneUSgallonequals3.78541178L3.00gal=11.35623534L(We'lluse11.356L)

11.356L=11,356mL.

Thedensityofwateris1.00g/cm3and1cm3=1mL.

11,356mLofwaterweighs11,356g.

Thehumidifierhassufficientcapacitytosaturatetheroomtothevaporpressureofwaterat22.0C.

Solutiontopartb:

1)Twothirdsofthewatersupplyis7570.8gofwater.

2)Determinethepressureintheroom:

PV=nRTP=nRT/V

P=[(420.246mol)(0.08206)(295K)[/(4.0x104L)

P=0.254atm(or193.3mmHg)

Problem#9:Thevaporpressureofsolidiodineat30.0Cis0.466mmHg.

a.Howmanymilligramsofiodinewillsublimeintoanevacuated1.00Lflask?

b.If2.00mgofI2areused,whatwillthefinalpressurebe?

b.If10.00mgofI2areused,whatwillthefinalpressurebe?

Solutiontoparta:

1)DeterminemolesofI2:

PV=nRTn=PV/RT

n=[(6.1316x104atm)(1.00L)]/[(0.08206)(303K)]

n=2.46603x105mol

2)DeterminemilligramsofI2:

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gramsofI2=2.46603x105molx253.8gmol1=6.25878x103g

To3significantfigures,thisis6.26mg.

Solutiontopartb:

1)DeterminemolesofI2:

0.00200g/253.8gmol1=7.88x106mol

2)Determinepressure:

PV=nRTP=nRT/V

P=[(7.88x106mol)(0.08206)(303K)]/1.00L

P=1.96x104atm(or0.149mmHg)

Anothersolutionpathusesthisratioandproportion:6.26isto0.466as2.00istox.Crossmultiplyanddivide
forthecorrectanswer.

Solutiontopartc:

Thepressurewouldbe0.466mmHg.Rememberthatvaporpressureisanequilibriumprocess.At
0.466mmHgtherewouldbeestablishedanequilibriumbetweenI2(s)andI2(g).Therewouldbe
3.74mgofsolidI2remainingintheflask.

Problem#10:20.0geachofheliumandanunknowndiatomicgasarecombinedina1500.mLcontainer.Ifthe
temperatureis298K,andthepressureinsideis86.11atm,whatistheunknowngas?

Solution:

1)Determinethepressureexertedbythehelium:

PV=nRTP=nRT/V

x=[(5.00mol)(0.08206)(298K)]/1.500L

x=81.513atm

Comment:the5.00comesfrom20.0g/4.00g/mol.The4.00g/molistheatomicweightofHe.

2)Determinethepressureexertedbytheunknowngas:

86.1181.513=4.597atm

3)Determinethemolesoftheunknowngas:

PV=nRTn=PV/RT

x=[(4.597atm)(1.500L)]/[(0.08206)(298K)]

x=0.282mol

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4)Determinemolecularweightandidentityofgas:

20.0g/0.282mol=70.9g/mol

Thegasischlorine,Cl2.

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