Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
WorksheetGasLawProblemsAPlevel
Problems110
ReturntoKMT&GasLawsMenu
GotomoreAPGasLawProblems
Problem#1:
AsampleofCH4isconfinedinawater
manometer.Thetemperatureofthesystemis
30.0Candtheatmosphericpressureis98.70
kPa.Whatisthepressureofthemethanegas,
iftheheightofthewaterinthemanometeris
30.0mmhigherontheconfinedgassideof
themanometerthanontheopentothe
atmosphereside.(DensityofHgis13.534
g/mL).
Solution:
1)Convert30.0mmofH2Otoequivalentmmofmercury:
(30.0mm)(1.00g/mL)=(x)(13.534g/mL)
x=2.21664mm(Iwillcarrysomeguarddigits.)
2)ConvertmmHgtokPa:
2.21664mmHgx(101.325kPa/760.0mmHg)=0.29553kPa
3)DeterminepressureofenclosedwetCH4:
AtpointAintheabovegraphic,weknowthis:
Patmo.press.=PwetCH4+Pthe30.0mmwatercolumn
98.70kPa=x+0.29553kPa
x=98.4045kPa
5)DeterminepressureofdryCH4:
http://www.chemteam.info/GasLaw/WS1GasLawsAP.html 1/8
29/03/2017 WorksheetGasLawProblemsAPlevel
FromDalton'sLaw,weknowthis:
PwetCH4=PdryCH4+Pwatervapor
(Water'svaporpressureat30.0Cis31.8mmHg.ConvertittokPa.)
98.4045kPa=x+4.23965kPa
x=94.1648kPa
Basedonprovideddata,usethreesignificantfiguresso94.2kPa.
Problem#2:Amixtureofnitrogenandneongasescontainsequalmolesofeachgasandhasatotalmassof
10.0g.Whatisthedensityofthisgasmixtureat500Kand15.0atm?Assumeidealgasbehavior.
Solution:
1)Letx=molesN2andy=molesNe.Therefore,fromtheproblem:
28x+20y=10
2)Howeverx=y,therefore:
48x=10
x=0.208molesN2
y=0.208molesNe
totalmolesinmixture=0.416
"molarmass"ofmixture=10.0g/0.416mol=24.0g/mol
3)ManipulatePV=nRTasfollows:
a)replacenwithggmol1
b)PV=gRT/MM(MMisthemolarmass)
c)PV(MM)=gRT
d)P(MM)/RT=g/V
(g/Vistheunitforgasdensity.)
4)Insertvaluesandsolve:
(15.0x24.0)/(0.08206x500)=g/V
density=8.8g/L
Comment:using28.014and20.18ratherthan28and20(andcarryingsomeguarddigits)shouldrefinethe
valueabitbetter.Thebookanswertothisproblemis8.81g/L.
Problem#3:
http://www.chemteam.info/GasLaw/WS1GasLawsAP.html 2/8
29/03/2017 WorksheetGasLawProblemsAPlevel
Three1.00Lflasksat25.0Cand1013hPapressurecontain:CH4(flaskA),CO2(flaskB)andNH3(flaskC).
Whichflask(ornone)contains0.041molofgas?
Solution:
Threeimportantpoints:
(a)Allthreeflasksareatequalpressures(bytheway,1013hPaisnotusuallyseen.Itisthesameas
101.3kPa,whichis1atmosphere).
(b)Allthreeflasksareatthesametemperature.
(c)Allthreeflaskshavethesamevolume.
TheabovesatisfiesAvogaro'sHypothesis:equalvolumesofgasesunderthesameconditionsofpressureand
temperature,containequalnumberofmolecules.
Therefore,allthreeflaskseitherallcontain0.041molornonedoes.WewillcheckflaskA,usingPV=nRT:
(1.00atm)(1.00L)=(n)(0.08206Latmmol1K1)(298K)
n=0.0409mol
Allthreeflaskscontain0.041molofthedifferentgases.
Problem#4:Whatisheight(inmm)ofacolumnofethanolifthepressureatthebaseofthecolumnis1.50
atm?(ThedensityofHgis13.534g/cm3andethanolis0.789g/cm3.)
Solution:
1)convertatmtommHg:
(1.50atm)(760mmHg/atm)=1140mmHg
2)convertmmHgtommofethanol:
(x)(0.789g/cm3)=(1140mmHg)(13.534g/cm3)
x=19,555mmC2H5OH
Problem#5:Whatisheight(inmm)ofacolumnofmethaneifthepressureatthebaseofthecolumnis1.50
atm?(ThedensityofHgis13.534g/cm3andmethaneis0.717kg/m3.)
Solution:
1)convertatmtommHg:
(1.50atm)(760mmHg/atm)=1140mmHg
2)convertkg/m3tog/cm3
kg/m3x(1000g/kg)=1000g/m3
http://www.chemteam.info/GasLaw/WS1GasLawsAP.html 3/8
29/03/2017 WorksheetGasLawProblemsAPlevel
1000g/m3x(m3/106cm3)=g/1000cm3
Inotherwords,toconvertfromkg/m3tog/cm3,youdivideby1000
0.717kg/m3=0.000717g/cm3
3)convertmmHgtommCH4:
(x)(0.000717g/cm3)=(1140mmHg)(13.534g/cm3)
x=2.15x107mmCH4
Problem#6:1.0Lofliquidnitrogeniskeptinaclosetmeasuring1.0mby1.0mby2.0m.Assumingthatthe
containeriscompletelyfull,thatthetemperatureis25.0C,andthattheatmosphericpressureis1.0atm,
calculatethepercent(byvolume)ofairthatwouldbedisplacedifalltheliquidnitrogenevaporated.(Liquid
nitrogenhasadensityof0.807g/mL.)
Solution:
1)calculategrams,thenmolesofN2:
0.807gmL1x1000mL=807g
807g/28.014gmol1=28.8070mol
2)CalculatevolumeofN2atstatedpressureandtemperature:
V=nRT/P
V=[(28.8070)(0.08206)(298)]/1.00
V=704.44L
3)Calculatevolumeofclosetinliters:
1.0mx1.0mx2.0m=2.0m3
2.0m3=2000L
Note:seehereforshortvideoonhowtoconvertbetweenm3andL.
4)AssumeN2displaces704.44Lofair:
704.44/2000=0.3522
35.2%oftheairgetsdisplaced.
Problem#7:CalculateKpforeachofthetworeactions(happeninginthesameflask):
2FeSO4(s)<===>Fe2O3(s)+SO3(g)+SO2(g)
http://www.chemteam.info/GasLaw/WS1GasLawsAP.html 4/8
29/03/2017 WorksheetGasLawProblemsAPlevel
SO3(g)<===>SO2(g)+1/2O2(g)
Afterequilibriumisreached,totalpressureis0.836atmandpartialpressureofoxygenis0.0275atm.
Solution:
1)Basedonthe1:1stoichiometryofthefirstreaction,
PSO3=PSO2
callthisvalue'x'
2)Afterthesecondreactionfinishes,atequilibriumweknowthefollowing:
thePSO3valuehasgonedownfromthatproducedbyreaction1(becausesomeSO3producedby
reaction1wasusedup)
thePSO2hasgoneupfromthatproducedinreaction1(becausesomeSO2wasmade,inadditionto
thatmadeinreaction1)
3)SinceweknowPO2atequilibriumtobe0.0275atm:
PSO3=x0.0275
PSO2=x+0.0275
4)Thesumofallthreeequilibriumpressuresis0.836atm:
(x0.0275)+(x+0.0275)+0.0275=0.836
x=0.40425atm
5)Kpforthefirstreactionis:
Kp=(PSO3)(PSO2)
Kp=(0.40425)(0.40425)=0.163
5)Kpforthesecondreactionis:
Kp=[(PSO2)(PO2)1/2]/(PSO3)
Kp=[(0.43175)(0.0275)1/2]/(0.37675)=0.190
Problem#8:Ahumidifierisusedinabedroomkeptat22.0C.Thebedroom'svolumeis4.0x104L.Assume
thattheairisoriginallydryandnomoistureleavestheroomwhilethehumidifierisoperating.
a.Ifthehumidifierhasacapacityof3.00gallonsofH2O,willtherebeenoughtosaturatetheroom
withwatervapor(vpofH2Oat22.C=19.83mmHg)?
b.Whatisthefinalpressureofwatervaporintheroomwhenthehumidifierhasvaporizedtwo
thirdsofitswatersupply?
Solutiontoparta:
http://www.chemteam.info/GasLaw/WS1GasLawsAP.html 5/8
29/03/2017 WorksheetGasLawProblemsAPlevel
1)Determinethemassofwatervaporintheroom(whensaturatedwithwatervapor):
PV=nRTn=PV/RT
n=(0.0261atm)(4.0x104L)/(0.08206)(295K)
n=43.11373mol(Ikeptallthedigitsonmycalculator.IskippedtheunitsonR.)
grams=(43.11373mol)x(18.0152g/mol)=776.7gramsofwater
2)Determinethegramsofwaterin3.00gallons:
OneUSgallonequals3.78541178L3.00gal=11.35623534L(We'lluse11.356L)
11.356L=11,356mL.
Thedensityofwateris1.00g/cm3and1cm3=1mL.
11,356mLofwaterweighs11,356g.
Thehumidifierhassufficientcapacitytosaturatetheroomtothevaporpressureofwaterat22.0C.
Solutiontopartb:
1)Twothirdsofthewatersupplyis7570.8gofwater.
2)Determinethepressureintheroom:
PV=nRTP=nRT/V
P=[(420.246mol)(0.08206)(295K)[/(4.0x104L)
P=0.254atm(or193.3mmHg)
Problem#9:Thevaporpressureofsolidiodineat30.0Cis0.466mmHg.
a.Howmanymilligramsofiodinewillsublimeintoanevacuated1.00Lflask?
b.If2.00mgofI2areused,whatwillthefinalpressurebe?
b.If10.00mgofI2areused,whatwillthefinalpressurebe?
Solutiontoparta:
1)DeterminemolesofI2:
PV=nRTn=PV/RT
n=[(6.1316x104atm)(1.00L)]/[(0.08206)(303K)]
n=2.46603x105mol
2)DeterminemilligramsofI2:
http://www.chemteam.info/GasLaw/WS1GasLawsAP.html 6/8
29/03/2017 WorksheetGasLawProblemsAPlevel
gramsofI2=2.46603x105molx253.8gmol1=6.25878x103g
To3significantfigures,thisis6.26mg.
Solutiontopartb:
1)DeterminemolesofI2:
0.00200g/253.8gmol1=7.88x106mol
2)Determinepressure:
PV=nRTP=nRT/V
P=[(7.88x106mol)(0.08206)(303K)]/1.00L
P=1.96x104atm(or0.149mmHg)
Anothersolutionpathusesthisratioandproportion:6.26isto0.466as2.00istox.Crossmultiplyanddivide
forthecorrectanswer.
Solutiontopartc:
Thepressurewouldbe0.466mmHg.Rememberthatvaporpressureisanequilibriumprocess.At
0.466mmHgtherewouldbeestablishedanequilibriumbetweenI2(s)andI2(g).Therewouldbe
3.74mgofsolidI2remainingintheflask.
Problem#10:20.0geachofheliumandanunknowndiatomicgasarecombinedina1500.mLcontainer.Ifthe
temperatureis298K,andthepressureinsideis86.11atm,whatistheunknowngas?
Solution:
1)Determinethepressureexertedbythehelium:
PV=nRTP=nRT/V
x=[(5.00mol)(0.08206)(298K)]/1.500L
x=81.513atm
Comment:the5.00comesfrom20.0g/4.00g/mol.The4.00g/molistheatomicweightofHe.
2)Determinethepressureexertedbytheunknowngas:
86.1181.513=4.597atm
3)Determinethemolesoftheunknowngas:
PV=nRTn=PV/RT
x=[(4.597atm)(1.500L)]/[(0.08206)(298K)]
x=0.282mol
http://www.chemteam.info/GasLaw/WS1GasLawsAP.html 7/8
29/03/2017 WorksheetGasLawProblemsAPlevel
4)Determinemolecularweightandidentityofgas:
20.0g/0.282mol=70.9g/mol
Thegasischlorine,Cl2.
GotomoreAPGasLawProblems
ReturntoKMT&GasLawsMenu
http://www.chemteam.info/GasLaw/WS1GasLawsAP.html 8/8