Consumer perception towards solar energy products

Introduction

Solar energy, radiant light and heat from the sun, is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving
technologies such as solar heating, solar photovoltaics, solar thermal electricity,
solararchitecture and artificial photosynthesis. A great amount of energy can be harnessed from
the sun.The amount of energy reaching the Earth Surface every day from the Sun is far greater
than the energythat of man needs for the foreseeable future. The key to using this vast source of
energy is developingeffective methods for collecting and storing this energy. Once this is done
solar energy can contributesignificantly to satisfying mans every growing energy requirements.
The solar energy received has arange of frequencies and wavelengths from lower frequency
(long wavelength) of infrared to thehigher frequency radiation of ultraviolet. It is this higher
frequency radiation, visible light and ultraviolet light which can be harnessed to produced an
electrical current and can be used for differentgadgets for industry and domestic usage.With the
increase of Literacy and Social Responsibility in people, the Solar Energy Deviceshas increasing
attention in the recent scenario. There has been many researches being conducted withthe help of
Government funds and many industries have started manufacturing different Solar energydevices
with the view of Electricity conservation and Eco-Friendly environment. Manufacturers suchas
Tata, Luminus, Goodsun and many other popular companies have come forward as the
marketpioneers in making of best quality Solar energy devices for both residential and industrial
purposesthere by taking the infinite Solar energy into Commercial terms too.Tata Solar
SaawanTM is water pumping solution system that offers a cost effective alternate to
conventional water pumping systems. It comes in various configurations (AC/DC) with
submersible & above the surface options. Whether you are in a remote location where the cost of
running traditional water piping is prohibitive or you have no or limited access to grid, Tata Solar
SaawanTM is the right product for you.

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 Review of literature

Kevin Bullis (2013) in his study Why solar companies should fail focuses on the solar panel
industry and the need for a number of solar manufacturers to go into bankruptcy. It states that the
glutof solar panels is due partly to significant government-backed investments in solar panel
factories inChina, which has resulted in a 60 percent drop in the price of solar panels from 2011
to 2013. Itcomments that solar manufacturers have been unable to make profits or invest in new
equipment toreduce costs and improve product performance..
Ramesh Khanna (2010) made his study on Solar panel powers two-stage lead acid battery
charger revealed that, the working of a solar panel powering two-stage lead-acid battery
charger. Asolar-powered lead-acid battery charger can ensure that the battery remains fully
charged over a widetemperature range. Solar or photovoltaic panels comprise multiple solar cells
that connect in series. Asolar cell has limited current generating and-carrying capability, which
results in limited currentcarryingability for the entire solar panel.
Gene R. Heinze and Fry (1986) in their study The economics of home solar water heating and
the role of solar tax credits states that, the finances of home solar water heating, using flat plate
collectors and a conventional water heater for backup, for 69 cities in 46 states. Natural gas is
muchcheaper than electric resistance heating in most areas, yet half the homes built in 1978-83
have electricheat, while only 40% use gas. Gas may be unavailable for new homes in many
areas. So in this studysolar/electric water heaters are compared to electric ones and solar/gas
water heaters are compared togas ones, using the cost difference between a solar/backup system
and a conventional water heater.Within the literature concerning market barriers to solar
technologies, it is possible to discern recurring themes across a variety of contexts. While
barriers differ depending on the context, the main recurring barriers can be grouped under four
themes. These four key barrier themes are as follows: 1. Financial 2. Information/awareness
3.Inertia 4. Market perception barriers While the above barriers are distinct in many ways, there
are also various overlays and connections between them. For example, what may appear on the
surface as purely a financial barrier to the customer might actually be caused by a lack of
information, which in turn will inform that customers perception of the specific technology.
Ultimately, the choice of whether to invest may therefore be the result of a combination of
barriers. Literature Review of Market Barriers to Solar Technologies 3 Market barriers can be

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both technical and non-technical. The majority of market barriers fall under the non-technical
category. This is evidenced by the non-technical nature of the key barriers highlighted above.
This context is best explained by Sovacool (2009: 372) who summarises the challenges facing
renewable technologies today as more about culture and institutions than engineering and
science. Many authors identify economic/financial and information/awareness conditions as the
most significant barriers to consider in relation to solar investment. This is because the
perceptions around solar energy are inextricably linked to a limited understanding of the
technology, from both a product and financial perspective. This combination of factors often
results in inertia to invest. Market barriers can also be classified in institutional, capacity, social,
environmental and policy terms. For the purposes of this review, a variety of barriers have been
condensed into the main overarching themes, as outlined above, so as to identify the most
strategic barriers to market investment. The cost of the technology is usually stated as the main
market barrier and will therefore receive the most attention in this review. 1. Financial
Constraints as a Market Barrier The main market barrier, identified in the majority of the
literature, is the cost or perceived cost of the technology (Margolis &Zuboy, 2006; Miller et al,
2012; IRENA, 2013). Cost related barriers can be further considered in relation to perceptions
around the economic viability of the projects and the inability to access the finance to cover the
initial investment (UNEP Ris, undated). The American alliance, Clean Energy Group (2009: 6)
supports this perspective, explaining that the two major cost barriers from a consumer market
investment perspective are the high up-front and out-of-pocket costs and long payback periods
[which] deter them from installing solar energy technology. Specific cost related barriers to the
uptake of solar technologies are further examined in the South African context below. 1.1. Cost
as a Barrier to Solar Technologies South Africas abundance of cheap coal poses a major
challenge to the successful implementation of renewable energy (RE) technologies. For the
successful uptake of RE as an alternative energy option, affordability is a prime consideration.
Affordability depends on the type of technology, policy direction and investment considerations
(Kaggwa et al, 2011). All of these aspects have a direct bearing on the price that will ultimately
be paid by the consumer. The competitiveness of solar technologies depends on the following: a.
Customer Tariff b. Solar Irradiation (Location) c. Initial Investment Costs d. Financing Terms
and Conditions Price and perceptions around the economic viability of the technology are
inextricably linked. On balance, if the customer base perceives the technology as effectively

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creating a financial saving on Literature Review of Market Barriers to Solar Technologies 4 their
energy costs, then they are far more likely to invest in the technology than for any other reason,
such as the green energy provided by the technology, or the energy independence that the
technology might provide. a. Customer Tariff The unit production cost and consequently the unit
price attached to solar energy is high in comparison to the price offered by Eskom or
municipalities. The different tariffs provided by eThekwini Municipality for typical customers
are listed in Table 1 below. These tariffs are compared to the Solar Power Purchase Agreement
(PPA) tariffs that were developed in a study by Suntrace to determine the financial viability of
small and mid-scale solar projects for the eThekwini Municipality (Westphal&Zuiga, 2013).
The following main assumptions were made in the model: The duration for the PPA is 20 years
The equity Internal Rate of Return is 18% Utility and commercial installations are debt
funded. The utility leverage is 70/30 and commercial is 50/50 Table 1 below provides a summary
of solar PV energy tariffs for different end-user installations, as compared to the eThekwini
Municipality tariffs: Table 1: Comparison of Tariffs for Solar PV Installations PV Plant Tariffs
vs. eThekwini Municipality Tariffs Utility Commercial Residential Solar PPA Tariff (indexed),
(R/ kWh) 1.747 2.367 3.316 Solar fixed PPA tariff (not indexed), (R/ kWh) 2.618 3.556 5.024
eThekwini Municipality tariff ex. VAT, (R/ kWh) 0.75 1.267 1.029 Plant capacity, (kWp) 10 000
500 3 (Source: Westphal&Zuiga, 2013) This table shows that solar PV is not a financially
attractive option for any of the eThekwini Municipality customers that were evaluated.
According to the assumptions made in the financial model, solar PPA tariffs would be at least
twice as high as that which consumers pay for conventional supply from eThekwini
Municipality. While the Suntrace study concluded the solar was not financially attractive for
those evaluated, in certain countries the perception that solar is far more expensive than
conventional electricity is not accurate. This is particularly true for countries which have good
solar radiation and high electricity tariffs. In some of these contexts, residential solar PV systems
have already reached parity with retail electricity prices (IRENA, 2013). However, cost becomes
a significant market barrier to solar PV Literature Review of Market Barriers to Solar
Technologies 5 technology in contexts where installation choice becomes a trade-off between the
power (IRENA, 2013: 3). Given that solar installation does not happen in isolation, but involves
this perspective.

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 Objectives

To study the level of awareness of the Customers towards Solar Energy Devices available in the
Market.
To Study the factors which lead to increase in the usage rate of solar energy products
To provide measures which can be used to increase the level of awareness of the
Customers towards Solar Energy Devices
To study the Customers Preferences towards Solar Energy products

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 Research Methodology

STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

Analysis of customer perception towards solar energy products for the various levels of market
situation and finding the various factors responsible for success and failure of company which
need to be worked on.

RESEARCH DESIGN

Data Collections Methods:

Primary Data:

Primary data is the raw data that is collected by the researcher as first-hand information from the
sample taken into observation for specific purpose. The primary data is collected through
surveys, personal interviews with the help of designed questionnaire, observation.

Collection of data is done with help of designed questionnaires and personal interviews.
Questions are closed end, like scale method is been used to design the questionnaire. Primary
data is collected through questionnaire and personal interviews of customers.

Secondary Data:

The secondary data refers those, which are already stored somewhere for someones requirement
or reference. It can be collected from sources like books, internet etc. For my study purpose I
have also used various sources of secondary data. I have used sources such as Internet, books,
discussing with friends, etc.

Secondary data is collected through company periodical, broachers etc. of the company.

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Sample frame: - Customers from each rural areas of Noida

Sample size : 25-30 customers

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

It is incumbent on the researcher to clearly define the target population. There are no strict rules
to follow, and the researcher must rely on logic and judgment. The population is defined in
keeping with the objectives of the study.

Sometimes, the entire population will be sufficiently small, and the researcher can include the
entire population in the study. This type of research is called a census study because data is
gathered on every member of the population.

Usually, the population is too large for the researcher to attempt to survey all of its members. A
small, but carefully chosen sample can be used to represent the population. The sample reflects
the characteristics of the population from which it is drawn.

Sampling methods are classified as either probability or nonprobability. In probability samples,

each member of the population has a known non-zero probability of being selected. Probability
methods include random sampling, systematic sampling, and stratified sampling. In
nonprobability sampling, members are selected from the population in some nonrandom manner.
These include convenience sampling, judgment sampling, quota sampling, and snowball
sampling. The advantage of probability sampling is that sampling error can be calculated.
Sampling error is the degree to which a sample might differ from the population. When inferring
to the population, results are reported plus or minus the sampling error. In nonprobability
sampling, the degree to which the sample differs from the population remains unknown.

Random sampling is the purest form of probability sampling. Each member of the population
has an equal and known chance of being selected. When there are very large populations, it is
often difficult or impossible to identify every member of the population, so the pool of available
subjects becomes biased.

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Systematic sampling is often used instead of random sampling. It is also called an Nth name
selection technique. After the required sample size has been calculated, every Nth record is
selected from a list of population members. As long as the list does not contain any hidden order,
this sampling method is as good as the random sampling method. Its only advantage over the
random sampling technique is simplicity. Systematic sampling is frequently used to select a
specified number of records from a computer file.

Stratified sampling is commonly used probability method that is superior to random sampling
because it reduces sampling error. A stratum is a subset of the population that share at least one
common characteristic. Examples of stratums might be males and females, or managers and non-
managers. The researcher first identifies the relevant stratums and their actual representation in
the population. Random sampling is then used to select a sufficient number of subjects from each
stratum. "Sufficient" refers to a sample size large enough for us to be reasonably confident that
the stratum represents the population. Stratified sampling is often used when one or more of the
stratums in the population have a low incidence relative to the other stratums.

Convenience sampling is used in exploratory research where the researcher is interested in

getting an inexpensive approximation of the truth. As the name implies, the sample is selected
because they are convenient. This nonprobability method is often used during preliminary
research efforts to get a gross estimate of the results, without incurring the cost or time required
to select a random sample.

Judgment sampling is a common nonprobability method. The researcher selects the sample
based on judgment. This is usually and extension of convenience sampling. For example, a
researcher may decide to draw the entire sample from one "representative" city, even though the
population includes all cities. When using this method, the researcher must be confident that the
chosen sample is truly representative of the entire population.

Quota sampling is the nonprobability equivalent of stratified sampling. Like stratified sampling,
the researcher first identifies the stratums and their proportions as they are represented in the
population. Then convenience or judgment sampling is used to select the required number of

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subjects from each stratum. This differs from stratified sampling, where the stratums are filled by
random sampling.

Collection of Data
The research is based on the primary data collected from the respondents through the form of
questionnaire and secondary data taken from magazines, journals, books and various websites.
.

Tools Used for Analysis

Percentage Analysis
Graphical Representation

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 Limitations

1. The universe being large, the study was restricted to residents living in rural areas.

2. The result may not be very accurate as its respondents are restricted to only 25-30
customers.

3. The Solar Cells and Solar Panels that are needed to harness solar energy tend to be very
expensive when you first purchase them.

4. Solar power cannot be harnessed during a storm, on a cloudy day or at night. This limits
how much power can be saved for future days. Some days you may still need to rely on
oil to power your home.

5. Many respondents have low awareness about the solar energy products and why it is
needed in the environment, as well as what benefits will it bring to an individual or group
of people in rural areas.

6. Some respondents were not aware of the information asked in the questionnaire. So could
not fill the questionnaire appropriately.

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 DATA ANALYSIS

1Have you ever heard of solar energy products ?

S. NO. TYPE OF CHOICE PERCENTAGE

1 YES 75
2 NO 25

Percentage

80
60
40
20
0
YES NO

Interpretations

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From the above bar graph, it is clear that 75% of the consumers said that they dont heardsolar
energy as compared to 25% of the consumers which know about it.

2Do you believe using solar energy sources helps to improve the environment ?

S. NO. TYPE OF CHOICE PERCENTAGE

1 YES 60
2 NO 40

Percentage

60
50
40 Series 1
30
20
10
0
YES NO

Interpretations

12
From the above bar graph, it is clear that about 60% consumer know as compared to 40 % of the
consumer does not know about it.

3. Do you face any of the following supply related issues ?

S. NO. TYPE OF CHOICE PERCENTAGE

1 1. Frequent power cut 20
2 2. Voltage fluctuation 45
3 3. Both 20
4 4. None of the above? 15

Percentage

50
40
30
20
10
0
F.W.C V.F BOTH NOTA

Interpretations

13
From the above bar graph, it is clear that about 45% of the consumer think volatage fluctuation as
compared to other like frequent power cut , both and none of the above etc..

4. Are you familiar with the following renewable energy sources ?

S. NO. TYPES OF CHOICE PERCENTAGE

1 1. Solar 40
2 2. Wind 20
3 3. Biomass 15
4 4. Biogas 25

Percentage

40
30

20
10

0
SOLAR WIND BIOMASS BIOGAS

Interpretations

From the above bar graph, it is clear that 38% of the consumer like Solar, 40% like wind ,20%

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like biomass 15% and only 25% like biogas.

5.Does your household have solar energy efficient products ?

S. NO. TYPES OF CHOICE PERCENTAGE

1 YES 15
2 NO 85

Percentage

100
80
60
40
20
0
YES NO

Interpretation

From the above bar graph, it is clear that about 85% of consumers said no they dont use it ever
and 15% of the consumer said yes they have some products .

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6.What do you think about the cost effectiveness of the present sources of solar energy?

S. NO. TYPES OF CHOICE PERCENTAGE

1 Cost from solar sources is 40
very high
2 Cost is just comparable 15
with other sources
3 Cost is low 25
4 Dont know 20

Percentage

40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

Interpretations

From the above bar graph, it is clear that about 40% of the consumer feel to spend on solar is 0 to
10% of the cost.

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7.Are you aware that judicious use of electricity will help in avoiding fluctuations ?

S. NO. TYPE OF CHOICE PERCENTAGE

1 YES 65
2 NO 35

Percentage

80
60
40
20
0
YES NO

Interpretation

From the above bar graph, it is clear that about 65% of the consumer say that the company has
good quality of product for its services as compared to the 35% of the consumer which think that
the company does not has good quality of product.

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8. Do you know that you can reduce your electricity bill by using solar energy efficient
appliances such as LED Bulbs, lights; energy-efficient solar pump sets, solar fans, solar power
banks ?

S.NO. TYPES OF CHOICE PERCENTAGE

1 YES 68
2 NO 32

Percentage

80
60
40
20
0
YES NO

Interpretation

From the above bar graph, it is clear that 68% of the consumer think that the solar product can
reduce electricity bill as compared to the 32% ratio of the consumer which think that the product
are too costly it is not effective.

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9. Do you think that use of solar energy efficient equipment which consumes less electricity can
help in addressing the problem of power cuts ?

S. NO. TYPE OF CHOICE PERCENTAGE

1 YES 65
2 NO 35

Percentage

80
60
40
20
0
YES NO

Interpretation

From the above bar graph, it is clear that 65% of the consumer think that theuse of solar energy
efficient equipment which consumes less electricity can help in
addressing the problem of power cuts services.

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 Findings and Suggestions

Findings

The following are general findings from the study

Majority of the respondents are Females, Married and Live in Nuclear Families.
Most of the respondents are Employed/
Most of the respondents have their Monthly income between Rs.10000 25000.
Most of the respondents have More than Three members in their family.
Most of the respondents have their Monthly Electricity bill between Rs.1000 2000.
The following findings are about the awareness of the respondents and sources of Solar
energy devices
Majority (100%) of the respondents are Aware about the Solar Energy Devices.
Majority (54.68%) of the respondents are aware about the Solar Energy Devices through
Advertisements.
Most (30.16%) of the respondents prefer Television, Radio, Internet, Hoardings and
Newspapers as the Media of advertisement.
Majority (54%) of the respondents think the Advertisements of the Solar Energy Devices
are Informative.
Most (21.97%) of the respondents are aware about the Solar Water Heaters.
Most (36%) of the respondents think the Cost incurred on buying a Solar Energy Device is
between Rs.50000 Rs.100000.
Most (29.18%) of the respondents are Aware about the Brand V-Guard.
The following are findings of the Rank analysis
Respondents buy Solar Energy Devices first due to its Durability and they prefer After sales
service as the least reason for buying the Solar Energy Devices.
Respondents reason for Switching over from Electrical devices to Solar energy devices
Firstly due to its Good Quality and they prefer Status symbol as the Least of the reason for
switching over from Electrical devices to Solar energy devices.

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The following are the findings about Satisfaction level of respondents towards Solar energy
devices
Most of the respondents are Satisfied with Solar Water Heaters, Solar Batteries (Chargers),
Solar Inverters.
Most of the respondents are Dis-Satisfied with Solar Air Conditioners.
Majority of the respondents are Highly Satisfied with Solar LED/CFL Lights, Solar Panels.
The following are the other characteristic findings of the study
Most (38%) of the respondents think the Best Feature of the Solar Energy Devices as Power
Consumption.
Most (24.3%) of the respondents Mostly Prefer to buy Solar Water Heaters.
Most (43%) of the respondents think the Installation charges of Solar Energy Devices are
Very High.

Majority (69%) of the respondents think Solar Energy Devices are better than Electrical
Devices.
Most (42%) of the respondents think the Distinguishing Factor of Solar Energy Devices
over Electrical devices is Infinite Solar Energy.
Most (37%) of the respondents think the Problem of Solar Energy Devices is Climatic
Variation Troubles.
The following are the findings about Weighted average method analysis
Majority of the respondents are Highly Satisfied with Solar Water Heaters.
The following are the findings of the Chi-square tests
There is a Significantrelationship between the Installation charges of the Solar energy
devices and Occupational status of the respondents.
There is No Significant relationship between Installation charges of the Solar energy
devices and Other Personal factors of the respondents.
There is a Significant relationship between Consumers opinion on whether Solar energy
devices are better than electrical devices and Gender and Monthly Income of the
respondents.
There is No Significant relationship between Consumers opinion on whether Solar
energy devices are better than electrical devices and Other Personal Factors.

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 There is a Significantrelationship between the Cost incurred on buying the Solar energy
devices and Gender and Electricity bill of the respondents.
There is No Significant relationship between Costs incurred on buying the Solar energy
devices and Other Personal factors of the respondents.

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 Suggestions

Price:
The price of the Solar Energy Devices may be considerably reduced, so that the people from
low income groups can also afford to buy the Solar Energy Devices.

Size:
The Solar Energy Devices can also be made available in small size, as they consume a large
space for setup.

Awareness:
There should be awareness about the availability of the Solar Energy Devices among the
people hailing from different localities, especially Rural areas and people not with proper
education
who doesnt have proper awareness about use of solar energy.

Installation charges:
The Installation charges of the Solar Energy Devices must be made lesser so that the
customers need not worry about high Installation charges adding onto the original price of the
devices.

Demonstration and exhibits:

Free demonstrations and Exhibit stalls can be given for the introduction of the Solar Energy
Devices, so that it increases the popularity of the products in the market easily.

Varieties in products:
Many companies producing Solar Energy Devices for commonly used devices like Water
heaters,
Chargers, invertors etc., can also make a step in producing Solar energized devices of
Televisions,

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Mobiles, Computers etc., which are also commonly used by people in their day to day lives, so
that
they can widen their place in the retail market of Solar Energy Devices.

Suitability:
The Solar Energy Devices should be made suitable for all climates and the power storage of the
solar cells needs to be increased more so they last longer.

Government subsidies:
People must be made aware of the subsidies provided by the government on buying a Solar
Energy Device and also the Government should take more steps in promoting Solar Energy
Devices in
other ways such as reducing tax etc.,

Independent existence:
The Solar Energy Devices should exist fully independent without having an alternate power of
electricity and technology must be improved so that Solar Energy Devices do not depend upon
Electricity anymore.

Conclusion:
In all the business activities, it is the consumer who decides its existence in the market.
Therefore, consumer is the King of the Market. This statement did not go different for Solar
energy
devices also. From this study, it can be concluded that Customers attitude towards Solar energy
devices is definitely changing due to many valid reasons and also there has been a significant
increase
in the awareness and benefits of using Solar energized devices over electrical devices. In this fast
moving world, the consumption of energy has been increasing in abundant amount and the
customers

24
have become more conscious about saving power and switching on to other sources of power
like solar
energy for their consumption.
Therefore, in order to meet the customers need the business sectors should come with
innovative yet cost-benefit and new techniques in the solar market as it not only attracts more
number
of customers and keeps the business intact, but also increases the consumers responsibility
towards the
environment and eco-friendliness for securing mother earth. Thus, it can be concluded that the
Customers attitude towards solar energy devices are influenced by many factors but the major
factors
are Changing of the Trends, Educational qualification of the customers and Standard of living of
the
people and this change in the attitude of the customers looks appreciative.

References

25
1. Kevin Bullis (2013), Why More Solar Companies Should Fail, Technology Review, Volume
116 Issue 3, May/June 2013, Pg-24 to 24.
2. Ramesh Khanna (2010),solar Panel powers two-stage lead acid battery charger, EDN
Europe, Volume 57 Issue 8, August 2010, Pg-18 to 18.
3. Gene R.Heinze and Fry (1986), The Economics of Home Solar Water Heating and the Role
of
Solar Tax Credits , Land Economics, Volume 62 Issue 2, May 1986, Pg-134 to 145.
4. Energy Future Magazine
5. Indian Journal of Marketing Magazines
6. www.solarenergy.com
7. www.powersourcesolar.com

QUESTIONNAIRES

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NAME OF THE PERSON:

AGE: GENDER:

OCCUPATION:

1. Have you ever heard of solar energy products ?

S. NO. TYPE OF CHOICE

1 YES
2 NO

2.Do you believe using solar energy sources helps to improve the environment ?

S. NO. TYPE OF CHOICE

1 YES
2 NO

3. Do you face any of the following supply related issues ?

S. NO. TYPE OF CHOICE

1 1. Frequent power cut
2 2. Voltage fluctuation
3 3. Both
4 4. None of the above?

4. Are you familiar with the following renewable energy sources ?

S. NO. TYPES OF CHOICE

1 1. Solar
2 2. Wind
3 3. Biomass
4 4. Biogas

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5.Does your household have solar energy efficient products ?

S. NO. TYPES OF CHOICE

1 YES
2 NO

6. What do you think about the cost effectiveness of the present sources of solar energy?

S. NO. TYPES OF CHOICE

1 Cost from solar sources is
very high
2 Cost is just comparable
with other sources
3 Cost is low
4 Dont know

7.Are you aware that judicious use of electricity will help in avoiding fluctuations ?

S. NO. TYPE OF CHOICE

1 YES
2 NO

8. Do you know that you can reduce your electricity bill by using solar energy efficient
appliances such as LED Bulbs, lights; energy-efficient solar pump sets, solar fans, solar power
banks ?

S.NO. TYPES OF CHOICE

1 YES

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2 NO

9. Do you think that use of solar energy efficient equipment which consumes less electricity can
help in addressing the problem of power cuts?

S. NO. TYPE OF CHOICE

1 YES
2 NO

29