FUNCTIONALISM

Functionalism is the principle that architects should design a

building based on the purpose of that building. This statement is less self-
evident than it first appears, and is a matter of confusion and controversy
within the profession, particularly in regard to modern architecture.

The place of functionalism in building can be traced back to

the Vitruvian triad, where 'utilitas' (variously translated as 'commodity',
'convenience', or 'utility') stands alongside 'venustas' (beauty) and
'firmitas' (firmness) as one of three classic goals of architecture.

Form follows function is a principle associated with modernist

architecture and industrial design in the 20th century. The principle is that the
shape of a building or object should be primarily based upon its
intended function or purpose.

Villas, residential areas and factories, flat roofs, clean lines and interiors
bathed in light this is Functionalism.

The replacement of Art Nouveau with Modernist art after the First World
War saw the application of a new style marked by flat roofs, clean line and
well-lit interiors: Functionalism. This style, where technical intentions and
purpose go hand-in-hand with art, found wide application in buildings of all
types and sizes.

HOW FUNCTION AND FORM RELATED TO EACH OTHER

ZLN, CZECH REPUBLIC

Zln: city of functionalism hardly any other city in the Europe

of the 1920s entered into such a symbiosis of city and factory, location and
corporation. Zln is doubtlessly a model city of Fordism.
Zln's distinctive architecture was guided by principles that were
strictly observed during its whole inter-war development. Its central theme
was the derivation of all architectural elements from the factory buildings.
The central position of the industrial production in the life of all Zln
inhabitants was to be highlighted. Hence the same building materials (red
bricks, glass, reinforced concrete) were used for the construction of all public
(and most private) edifices.

Zln, a city in the East of the Czech Republic, a mecca for all lovers of
architecture, comparable to the Weissenhof housing estate in Stuttgart or
the Bauhaus buildings in Dessau, though considerably less known. It is still
an insider tip; even Le Corbusier, upon visiting Zln, stated that the city was
a remarkable phenomenon. Who wants to experience the Czech
functionalism at the highest level, has to visit Zln. Christina Tilmann in
Zln, Working City, Der Tagesspiegel ("The Daily Mirror"),

ZLN CITY OF GEOMETRICALLY PURE ARCHITECTURE

DECONSTRUCTIVISM
Deconstructivism in architecture was born in the late 80s of the
twentieth century. Its characteristic feature is the idea of fragmentation. It
also manipulates the surface and the cover of the construction. It is
dominated by curvilinear shapes, which are supposed to disturb and
dislocate the skeleton of the object. The structure of the building has a
feeling of controlled chaos and stimulating unpredictability.

Deconstruction is a continuation of an earlier architecture style -

postmodernism. However, it stands in opposition to the limiting rules of
modernism, including materials fidelity, purity of form or forms functioning.
Deconstructivism in architecture rejects the rule of ornament as a side
effect or an item of decoration.

Deconstructivists are opposed to the idea that a building needs to

look and feel consistent and organized. Instead, they strive to create
structures that are broken into basic components that do not seem
connected. Think of it this way. A normal house is made up of cooperative
shapes--triangles, rectangles, maybe even circles. Instead of trying to
combine these shapes into a coherent structure, a deconstructivist architect
would present this building in terms of the individual shapes, without
trying to make them fit together. In fact, the more juxtaposed and
segregated
they feel, the better.
Each shape,
angle, or form gets
attention for itself,
without having to
be seen as part of a
whole.
 PRESENTATION OF MANIPULATING A BUILDING IN TERMS OF
THE INDIVIDUAL SHAPES

Bilbao Museum Guggenheim, Spain

The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao is a museum of modern and

contemporary art, designed by Canadian-American architect Frank Gehry,
built by Ferrovial, and located in Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.

It is built alongside the Nervion River, which runs through the city of
Bilbao to the Atlantic Coast. The Guggenheim is one of several museums
belonging to the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation. The museum features
permanent and visiting exhibits of works by Spanish and international artists.

In 1978, Frank Gehry took the steps that would bring him to this
point, drastically changing his own standard, somewhat boring suburban
Santa Monica house into the groundwork for an entire architectural
movement. He literally deconstructed the house, ripping out sections and
reassembling them into an eccentric fusion of traditional and modern
aesthetics. By the time he got to the Guggenheim, completed in 1997, Gehry
had perfected a shocking new style that dazzled critics and the public alike,
although many in the architectural community may disagree on such points
as creativity versus functionality.
 A BUILDING THAT IS LUMINOUS AND SHAPE-SHIFTING
ABSTRACT ASSEMBLAGE OF CUBIST AND CURVACEOUS FORMS

REFERENCES:

https://www.revolvy.com/topic/Functionalism
%20(architecture)&item_type=topic
https://www.slideshare.net/pathyapustak/form-follows-function-
15146540
http://www.projekt-zipp.de/en/zlin/zlin/magazine/Bittner
http://www.apartment-in-zlin.cz/en/zlin/references
http://www.czechtourism.com/a/functionalism/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)#Zl.C3.AD
n.2C_Czech_Republic
http://www.czechtourism.com/t/zlin/
http://mlj.com.my/deconstructivism-in-architecture.html
http://study.com/academy/lesson/deconstructivism-in-architecture-
characteristics.html
http://www.historiasztuki.com.pl/kodowane/003-02-04-ARCHWSP-
DEKONSTRUKCJA-eng.php
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/236650155396446982/
http://architectuul.com/architecture/guggenheim-museum-bilbao
http://weburbanist.com/2011/06/13/deconstructivism-7-architectural-
wonders-of-the-world/