Dyeing machine

1. Beam dyeing machine

Working Principle of Beam Dyeing Machines
The working principle is same as that of HTHP yarn dyeing machines.
The process of beam dyeing is as follows ;
a. The fabric or yarn in open width is rolled on to a perforated beam.
b. The beam then subsequently inserted into a dyeing vessel.
c. The machine is closed and pressurized.
d. The dye liquor is circulated in to out and out to in directions , under
pressure and temperature is employed as per the process requirement.
e. The chemicals and auxiliary are injected as per requirement of the
process.

2. Hank dyeing machine

Operation of the Machine :
The hanks to be dyed are loaded onto the rollers bars by avoiding
overlapping of hanks, in lifted position. The dye bath is kept ready with
proper liquor level ,and mixed homogenously ,preferably with an
external circulation pump .The hanks are lowered into the dye bath and
movement is started , approximately 40-50% part of the hanks remain
the liquor and rest is exposed to atmosphere . The material is lifted up
for addition of colors, chemicals, salt, alkali etc or for raising the
temperature of dye bath(in case of direct steam injection). In case of
indirect heating the dye bath temperature may be increased at set rate
 of heating ,but in case of direct heating the temperature rise is step by
step. The sample may be drawn at the completion of dye cycle and
checked for shade, without stopping the machine. All operations can
be done in the same machine.

Roller Hank Dyeing Machine

Hank dyeing
3. Jet dyeing machine
This is the most modern machine used for the dyeing of polyester
using disperse dyes. In this machine the cloth is dyed in rope form
which is the main disadvantage of the machine.

In this machine, the dye tank contains disperse dye, dispersing agent,
 leveling agent and acetic acid. The solution is filled up in the dye tank
and it reaches the heat exchanger where the solution will be heated
which then passed on to the centrifugal pump and then to the filter
chamber.

Jet dyeing

4. Jigger dyeing machine

Jigger dyeing machine is the most commonly used for dyeing all
kinds of cotton fabric. There are mainly two types of jigger dyeing
machine. One is open jigger dyeing machine and other is closed jigger
dyeing machine.

The open jigger dyeing machine is shown in the figure. This machine
consists of V shaped stainless steel vessel. Two rollers are fitted above
the vessel called as cloth rollers. These rollers are rotated by power.
Out of these two rollers one roller is driven by a motor which is called
take up roller and the other roller from which the cloth is delivered is
called let off roller. When all the cloth is passed from the let off roller to
the take up roller, it is called as one end or one turn. The number of
ends or turns depends upon the type of the fabric and also the
percentage of the shade.
 Jigger dyeing
Initially, a large length of (50 kg) cloth is wound on the let off roller and take
up roller is then driven by the power. After one end is taken, the take up
becomes let off roller. These backward and forward movements of cloth
through the dye liquor absorb more and more dye.

The capacity of the jigger is 100 to 150 gallons. In the modern jigger,
automatic devices are fitted along with the timing switch by using reversing
will take place automatically.

When dyeing all the dye liquor should not be added at one time. The dye
liquor should be added in batch wise, in order to get even shade on the cloth.
In the present scenario, closed types of jiggers are used. The main
advantage is to prevent heat loss and chemical loses by evaporation. This
type of jigger is very important for dyeing vat, Sulphur etc.