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  • Dental Plaque As A Biofilm The Significance of PH in Health and Caries P Marsh PDF

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    Austine Osawe
    25 vizualizări9 pagini

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    25 vizualizări9 pagini

    Dental Plaque As A Biofilm The Significance of PH in Health and Caries P Marsh PDF

    Încărcat de

    Austine Osawe

    Drepturi de autor:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descărcați ca PDF sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    din 9
    Continuing Education 2 Dental Plaque as a Biofilm: The Significance of pH in Health and Caries ee Sa Dental plaque is an example of biofilm: its presence is natural and it supports the host in its defense against invading ‘microbes. n health, the microbial composition of dental plaque i diverse and remains relatively stable overtime (microbial home- ‘ostasis). The predominant microorganisms prefer host molecules (eg, salivary mucins) and a neutral pH for growth. Under certain shift circumstances, this microbial homeostasis can break down and diseases such as caries can occur. In dental caries, there toward increased proportions of acid-producing and acid-tolerating species, such as mutans streptococei and Lactobacili although other species with relevant traits can participate in demineralization. Strategies to control caries include effective oral hygiene prac: tices to reduce bioflm development, and adoption of alow-sugar diet to restrict periods of acidic challenge to teeth. These conven tional approaches also should be augmented by interference with the factors that enable the ariogenic bacteria to outcompete the organisms associated with health. Evidence suggests that regular conditions of low pH in plaque select for mutans strepto- ‘cocci and Lactobaaill, Therefore, the suppression of sugar catabolism and acid production by the use of metabolic inhibitor in oral care products, the consumption of nonfermentable sweeteners in snacks, the stimulation of saliva flow, and/or other strategies that maintain supragingival plaque at a pH around neutrality wll assist in the maintenance of microbial homeostasis in plaque. ental plaque is the community of microorgan- Learning Objectives isms found on a tooth surface as a biofilm, ‘After reading this article, the reader should be able to ded in a matrix of polymers of host and bacterial origin." Plaque is natural and contributes (like aa the resident microflora ofall ather sites in the body) to the describe the main theories relating dencal plaque normal development of the physiology and defenses of the co caries, host. Plaque bacteria generally have a harmonious rela tionship with che host; they use endogenous nutrients (eg, comprehend the role of pH in oral microbial salivary proteins and glycoproteins, such as mucin) for their growth, from which there is litle acid production, discuss cares preventive strategies. and their presence helps ecology and caries, clude exogenous microorgan: *Professor of Oral Microbiology, University of Leeds, UK; Program Leader, TB and Public Health Microbiology, Health Protection Agency, Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response, Salisbury, UK. 76 March 2009 FORMATION OF DENTAL PLAQUE BIOFILMS Dental plaque forms via an ordered sequence of events, re- sulting ina structurally and functionally organized species- sich microbial biofile.'? There are distinct stages in plaque formation: = Acquired pellicle formation when molecules derived main- Iy from saliva are adsorbed onto the tooth surface. «= Reversible adhesion, which involves weak, long-range, physicochemical interactions between the microbial cell surface and the acquired pellicle Irreversible adhesion, which involves interactions between specific molecules on the microbial cell suefae (adhesins) and complementary receptors present inthe acquired pel- licks these interactions are stronger and operate over a relatively shore distance. Coadhesion, in which secondary colonizers adhere via «cll surface adhesins to receptors on already atached bac teria leading to an increase in microbial diversity within the developing biofilm. Many of the secondary colonis cers have fastidious growth requirements ‘The attached cells multiply, leading to an increase in biomass and synthesis of exopolymers to form the bio- fil matrix. Numerous biochemical (eg, metabolic co- ‘operation to ctabolize mucins for growth) and molecular (cell

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