The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window,
achieving the desired window
requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations. The main key in a successful UBD operation is to maintain the desired UBD window, achieving the desired window requires the knowledge of the circulating bottom hole pressure with varying injection rates (both liquid and gas) and surface choke pressure, in addition the influx from the reservoir has to be identified so it can be implemented. All the previous parameter are the main key for controlling UBD operation, other factors which cannot be controlled are mainly reservoir and tubular constraints. The recent advancement in the application of multiphase flow in UBD operation has led to the development of several softwares that can handle such complex system. The flow models are either mechanistic or empirical correlations; in addition, the flow models can be either static or dynamic. Several authors2,3,4 developed several UBD flow models based on empirical correlations. Bijleveld et al.5 developed one the first mechanistic flow models for UBD operations in which they predicted the circulation bottomhole pressure with various two-phase flow parameters. Lage et al6,7 proposed a mechanistic model for flow upward in a concentric annuli. Perez-Tellez et al.8 and Perez-Tellez9 presented a mechanistic model for predicting flow behavior and pressure prediction using mechanistic models. The static models can be used in designing phase in which the bottomhole pressure window can be planned for various injection rates and choke pressure. The most recent models show that the use of mechanistic models has led to better understanding of such complex phenomenon. Dynamic models (time dependent) are used to estimate circulating pressure over time using the latest mechanistic models. DynaFloDril10,11,12,13 is a transient UBD program which includes several features such as interaction between the formation and the wellbore, different wellbore geometries, heat transfer model and several other features, it has been extensively used and validated against full scale experimental data. The program proved to predict several processes such as changes in liquid and or gas flow rates and changes in choke pressure during coiled tubing and pipe injection process14,15. Jun, et al.16 proposed a dynamic model for UBD operations.