Dar Magazine I12

darmagazine i12 January 2017
Luxury, sustainability and sea turtles

darmagazine i12 January 2017
What you will be reading

This issue of DarMagazine captures a wonderfully broad span of work from
our group.
In the ongoing battle for sustainability, the Integral Group immerses us in

Greenbuild 2016, which this year took place in the companys heartland
of Los Angeles; EnviroMission announces a game-changing tower that
operates on solar energy; John Davey sheds light on Dars role in a bottle-top
recycling scheme; Dars Instrumentation and Control engineers explore the
secret weapon behind zero net energy building.
On the master planning side, Dars Planning and Urban Design teams work
on the beautiful Diar Ras Al Hadd development in Oman proves that luxury
and environmental sensitivity, (not to mention sea turtles), can co-exist.
Meanwhile, Perkins+Will designs the new Riverline community, helping
revitalize an important neighborhood on the Chicago River.
In other news, Maffeis collaborates with international contractors and clients

to value engineer the new Algiers International Airport terminal and achieve
substantial savings. Also in this issue, Perkins+Will gets Clemson University
to be high-tech; Dar Cairo navigates the challenging work of building quay
walls in soil conditions for its landmark expansion of East Port Said, Egypt;
Dar Jordan overcomes several hurdles to bring a liquid natural gas terminal to
fruition.
We hope you enjoy reading our magazine.
The Team
Contents
04
Diar Ras Al Hadd, Luxury and Harmony
10
Greenbuild 2016: An Inside Look at the
04 Latest Trends in Green Building
16
LNG Delivered
22
A Bold Approach to Technology and Innovation
at Clemson University
26
Tower of Power
The EnviroMission Solar Tower:
The Utility-Scale, Cost-Competitive Answer
16
30
Gaining Ground: ResolvingSoil-Structure Interaction in
the Design of Quay Wall Terminals of East Port Said
36
What Makes Green Buildings Tick?
Building and Energy Management Systems, of Course
42
Italian Engineers, Chinese Contractors and an Algerian Airport
Value Engineering of the Algiers International Airport
22 48
Riverline: A New Riverfront Community in Chicago
52
Beyond the Bottle Top
Dars Role in Lebanons Iconic Recycling Scheme
42
Diar Ras Al Hadd,
Luxury and Harmony
Author
Yann Leclercq
How do you limit the impact of development in a sensitive natural
Expertise setting? How do you integrate contemporary design while reflecting
Planning and Urban the best of local heritage? How do you design a place that is both
Design
respectful of its setting and capable of becoming a destination in its
Company own right? These were the initial questions that were put on the table
Dar Al-Handasah by the master plan team behind the Diar Ras Al Hadd development in
Oman. Dar, supported by Perkins+Will as architect, have been working
Location
London, UK on the master plan for this luxury beach resort since 2015.
Diar Ras Al Hadd, Oman, is an idyllic site close to the city of Sur. Extending over an
area of 197ha, the resort will, once complete, offer jetsetters a destination hotel
and a range of holiday villas to stay in. These will be supported by community
facilities and high-quality open spaces, creating a sophisticated tourist haven.
Qatari Diar Ras Al Hadd Development Company, the company behind the
project, commissioned Dar to provide the lead design and
supervision services of the development.
Figure 1 Looking out onto the

Khawr Al Hajar
Figure 2 The beaches in and
around Diar Ras Al Hadd are
turtle nesting grounds
Figure 3 A welcoming arrival at
the Diar Ras Al Hadd hotel
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i12 l Diar Ras Al Hadd, Luxury and Harmony DarMagazine l January 2017
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3
4
Guests from sea, air and land

Calm and undisturbed, the lands surrounding Diar Ras Al Hadd support a rich array of wildlife.
Perhaps its most well-known inhabitants are its marine ones. Oman is home to five of
seven internationally-protected species of sea turtles, and the beaches are nesting
grounds for at least 15,000 green sea turtles. Every year, thousands of these creatures
swim from the shores of the Arabian Gulf, the Red Sea and Somalia to lay their eggs on the
Sultanates shores. Both green and hawksbill sea turtles feed on Diar Ras Al Hadds sea
grass beds and algal mats.
The turtles are not the only wildlife. On land are important nesting, feeding and breeding
grounds for over 130 bird species. Several endemic mammals such as foxes, Arabian
wolves and wild cats also call the area their home.
Dars priority was to ensure minimal or even no impact on this beautiful natural habitat.
Figure 4 The aerial view shows

a varied and organic structure
to the master plan
Figure 5 The hotel will contain
a large infinity pool
Figure 6 The hotels infinity
pool overlooking the Khawr
Al Hajar
Figure 7 A spa will provide
wellness facilities - a unique
feature of the resort in Oman
6 dar.com
Design objectives
i12 l Diar Ras Al Hadd, Luxury and Harmony

By virtue of its location on the tip of the Arabian privacy considerations are taken into account but
Peninsula, Diar Ras Al Hadd has an extensive coastline discreetly so; the development is intended to be
overlooking the Arabian Sea. The terrain rises relatively welcoming and open.
gently to a high point of 18m above sea level, with the -- A place of remarkable tranquility: The contrast
calm, sandy beaches being balanced by dramatic, between the stunning blue of the Arabian Sea and the
rugged cliffs. harsh landscape of the rocky land is what makes this
place special. The sites buildings will be set back from
As a result, the design embraces the sites unique the edge of the sea to preserve this contrast.
features and seeks to abide by the following principles: -- Flexible implementation: Phasing will ensure that
individual components of the project can be
-- A destination resort that complements, not competes developed independently from one another, all while
with, its natural surroundings: Our master plan being connected through a seamless network of
promotes the use of a natural palette of colors and streets.
materials to reflect the rocky site. Furthermore, no -- A place that promotes economic and environmental
buildings higher than two stories will be permitted, sustainability: Job creation for locals will be promoted
thus ensuring in keeping with the level of the ridgeline. through the creation of close relationships with the
-- A resort that feels authentically Omani: While the surrounding area.
project team is an advocate of contemporary -- A place that connects people with nature: The
architecture, the resort is not a mere replica of hotels development responds to its setting by ensuring
around the world. The ultimate design incorporates the natural environment is accessible and close by,
details reflective of Oman and so is recognizably of its through visual corridors as well as footpaths and cycle
place. trails.
-- A core of understated luxury: The resort uses the -- In order to keep with the low-impact nature of the
highest quality materials but is also toned down and project, the masterplan adopts a very low site
understated. coverage. Building footprints take up just under 10% of
-- An inclusive and accessible resort: Security and the total project site area.
7
DarMagazine l January 2017
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A master plan of astute luxury

The brief was to make Diar Ras Al Hadd an outstanding global destination for
wellbeing and combine authentic Omani experience with exclusive luxury.
-- The five star hotel, branded villas, spa, and beach club lie close to the
300mlong beach, granting direct access to guests.
-- Larger private villas sit on the northern coastal edge, in natural harmony with the
site, and overlooking the sea. They are given generous amounts of open space.
Smaller villas are spread out across the development and are also backed by
open spaces.
-- The development is supported by state-of-the-art community facilities and a
vibrant street retail area that hosts a number of shops, restaurants and cafs.
The shared space is a high-quality landscaped area that creates a vibrant core
open to all.
-- A man-made wadi (Arabic for a dry channel that accommodates flood waters
during the rainy season) will run through the center of the site. Preserving
existing site levels as much as possible, the wadi will channel flood water into the
khawr (bay). The wadi is also designed as an attractive area of open space.
-- The staffs quarters lie close to the hospitality area. This gives workers easy
access to the hotel, branded villas and spa that they serve. Utilities are also in a
Figure 8 Street retail central location for quick and efficient infrastructure service provision.
8 dar.com
i12 l Diar Ras Al Hadd, Luxury and Harmony
Word on the street
The authentic and luxurious requirements informed every element of the master plan, in particular its streets:
-- The streets are designed to be as narrow as possible, with villas overlooking the streets. Narrow streets increase
the sense of security, exude an intimate feel, and lend themselves to walking and comfort. All streets are also
designed as one seamlessly-connected network. By limiting the use of cul-de-sacs, through-routes make the site
more permeable.
-- Streets are not designed as straight lines but with a slight curve whenever possible. This subtle design pattern
promotes slower car driving, aids with wayfinding and naturally enables some buildings to become recognizable
landmarks.
The beauty of collaboration

Dars design for Diar Ras Al Hadd required a high level of collaboration throughout, in a process which saw Dars
offices in Muscat working alongside our offices in Dubai, Beirut, Amman, London, and Cairo as well as Perkins+Will and
other consultants. But the result was justified in a master plan in which every element in the design, from the streets
to the color palette used, presents a coherent vision of understated luxury, intimacy and, most of all, sensitivity to
this place of rare and wild beauty. The final master plan manages to be both contemporary and luxurious, all while
remaining respectful of its priceless natural setting.
9
Greenbuild 2016: An Inside
Look at the Latest Trends in
Green Building
Author
Edward Garrod
Expertise
Head of Sustainability In October, Greenbuild brought together over 20,000
and Integrative Design
professionals drawn from across the global green building
Company community. They came to Los Angeles to exchange ideas,
Elementa Consulting, innovations and enthusiasm. Integral Groups participation
member of Integral
was substantial, and, in this fascinating piece, they bring us the
Group
events most cutting-edge developments.
Location
London, UK
Los Angeles is a city working hard to transform itself from a fuel-

guzzling metropolis to an international sustainability icon. Integral
Groups offices in LA and across its network are working hard to make
that transformation a reality.
Figure 1 Presentation
to Singapore Building
Construction Authority
delegates at Integrals LA
office
Figure 2 Competition panels
for Integral Groups annual
Engineering Excellence
Awards
10 dar.com
i12 l Greenbuild 2016: An Inside Look at the Latest Trends in Green Building
2
1
For Integral Group, Greenbuild is perhaps the most important
event in our calendar - all the more so when hosted in one
of our home cities. Our LA office is on the 10th floor of the
PacMutual Building in the citys downtown. Constructed
between 1908 and 1926, it is the oldest building in Southern
California to achieve Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design (LEED) Platinum certification. Not only that, but we
achieved LEED v4 CI Gold Certification for our workspace in
2014 and, true to our principles, are home to the citys first
LEED Dynamic Plaque that provides real-time tracking of the
buildings sustainability performance.
At the Convention Center, Integral Groups expertise at

scale was showcased not only at our booth but also in
oversubscribed education sessions led by Rachel Moscovich,
Megan White and Hillary Weitze. Rachel, a senior planner
and sustainability strategist from our Vancouver office,
shared her experiences developing a roadmap to zero net
energy for the City of Cambridge, Massachusetts. Megan,
a senior sustainability consultant, and Hillary,a senior
building performance engineer, both from our Oakland office,
explained their roles in the University of California Santa
Cruzs amazing race to carbon neutrality.
Greenbuild 2016 will perhaps be remembered as the

year that well buildings joined the mainstream; resilient
design stuck; attention focused on real performance
data as we head past zero net energy towards climate
take back; and we were challenged to set our sights on
engineering without engines.
11
Some highlights:
Leadership of the United States Green Building Council (USGBC) passed from
Rick Fedrizzi to new CEO Mahesh Ramanujam. Mahesh set out a compelling
vision for a digital USGBC where technology and data empower the global green
building movement. The mission of the digital USGBC is to help ensure that every
child goes to a green school, that everyone has access to clean water and a clean
supply of energy, and to help create a world where health and wellness is a right
and not a privilege - regardless of economic and social background.
The WELL Building Movement, a holistic approach to health in the built

environment, went mainstream. With Rick Fedrizzi taking the reins at the
International WELL Building Institute (IWBI), the growth of the WELL Building
Standard will continue at pace from a base of over 300 projects in 24 countries in
just two years since its launch at Greenbuild 2014 in New Orleans. The IWBI stand
in the Expo Hall caused serious pedestrian congestion.
https://www.wellcertified.com/
The economic arguments for indoor environmental quality were compelling.

Delos Founder and CEO Paul Scialla highlighted how $15 billion in corporate
wellness programs spent by Fortune 500 companies have typically just a
15% uptake rate, whereas 100% of occupants benefit from a healthy indoor
environment. The Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Healths COGfx Study on the
impact of green buildings on cognitive function left people in shock, demonstrating
cognitive scores that were 101% better in workspaces with low volatile organic
compounds and increased fresh air rates.
http://naturalleader.com/thecogfxstudy/
Arc was launched - a new technology organization spun out from the Green
Business Certification Inc. (GBCI) certification body. Arcs mission is to
create a platform for the transparent sharing of real-time performance data for
any building in the world, working with any rating system. Details will follow, but
Arc is clearly part of a bigger trend towards performance verification and ongoing
maintenance of sustainability ratings, building upon the development of the LEED
Dynamic Plaque.
http://www.usgbc.org/articles/gbci-announces-new-technology-organization-arc
Figure 3 Standing ovation for

incoming CEO of USGBC at
Greenbuilds closing plenary
Figure 4 The IWBI stand in the
conference hall
12 dar.com
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Bjarke Ingelss closing address challenged us to deliver engineering without engines to

move away from combustion towards simplicity and high performance in building design.
He traversed his companys portfolio of projects, including the story of Vancouver House for which
Integral Group are mechanical designers, challenging the myth that choosing to build green inevitably
requires pain. Ingelss recent Dryline proposal for flood protection for Manhattan will also create new
linear parks for the city - infrastructure and community, utility and life quality, practicality and poetry.
http://www.integralgroup.com/gallery/residential/vancouver-house/
https://youtu.be/xkpNSTg6LXs
The GBCI family grew again. GBCIs transformation of the way that professional credentialing and
project certification are delivered for USGBCs LEED rating system has seen a steady inflow in recent
years, with EDGE, PEER, WELL, SITES, GRESB, and Parksmart being administered via GBCI. In LA it
was announced that Envision would join the fold. Envision is a pioneering sustainable infrastructure
standard managed by the Institute for Sustainable Infrastructure. We have been applying its principles
to major projects including Istanbul Airport City for which Perkins+Will are urban designers.
http://www.gbci.org/
https://sustainableinfrastructure.org/
13
14 dar.com
Resilient Design was inescapable. The opening day of Greenbuild coincided
with warnings of an unusually high-risk earthquake of a magnitude 7 or higher
on the Richter Scale in Southern California, whilst Hurricane Matthew wrought
devastation across Haiti and was heading north to threaten the Florida coastline.
The release of Resilient Design pilot credits for LEED drew a full house to a
resiliency charrette that tested these new approaches to passive survivability
and emergency preparedness at a community center in LA. Resilience is a
challenge to which we all must rise.
http://www.usgbc.org/articles/leed-pilot-credits-resilient-design-adopted
Integrals book Revolutionary Engineering (shown on opposite page) was

almost sold out. Time for volume two.
Finally, our CEO, Kevin Hydes became a cartoon hero. USGBC+ magazine
profiled him as an innovator, pioneer, and green business leader, creating
transformative strategies . . . .
Our sights are now set on Greenbuild 2017 in Boston, and we look forward to
meeting colleagues from across Dar Group as we work together towards a more
sustainable future.
15
LNG Delivered
The Middle East may be synonymous with oil, but Jordan is one of the few
Author countries there with scarce energy resources. Historically, the country has relied
Firas Al-Hadidi on importing its energy needs, and, since 2005, those imports have come from
Egypt via the Jordan Gas Transmission Pipeline (JGTP).
Expertise
Senior Electrical However, in the aftermath of the Arab Spring, the flow of gas through that pipeline
Engineer has been frequently interrupted due to numerous acts of sabotage it in the Sinai
Peninsula. Those repetitive cut-offs forced the Jordanian government to resort
Company to importing heavy crude oil. But as a result, the countrys budget was hit and
Dar Al-Handasah its energy inflated due to volatile oil prices. The country needed something to
overcome JGTPs shortages.
Location
Jordan
Key Terms
FSRU
Floating storage
regasification unit
MEP
Mechanical, electrical and
piping
I&C
Instrumentation and Controls
JGTP
Jordan Gas Transmission
Pipeline
LNG
Liquid natural gas
Figure 1 Mooring dolphin and

loading platform at Aqaba
LNG terminal
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i12 l LNG Delivered

The terminal at Aqaba: A timely solution
Enter the terminal at Aqaba, a government-approved liquefied natural gas (LNG)
development intended to ease the aforementioned economic and energy
burdens. The project would cover all aspects of the LNG supply chain including
arrangements for: the import of LNG, the lease of floating storage regasification
unit, and the financing and construction of the infrastructure in Aqaba that will
include marine and onshore facilities.
Because LNG can be imported through long-term contracts and spot

transactions, the new terminal would give Jordan more energy security and
flexibility. This fact, in turn would help Jordan both meet temporary fluctuations
in demand and fulfill the increase in its gas demand over the next 5 to 10 years.
17
2
Ministry of Energy and
Mineral Resources
(MEMR)
Golar Eskimo Navigant Shell - LNG Gas

FSRU Pro MEMR Advisor Provider
National Electric
Power Company FAJR JGTP Operator
(NEPCO)
Aqaba LNG Project
SPT Terminal Operator
Dar Al-Handasah -
BAM-MAG JV Project Aqaba Development Arcadis-DAMEC JV Royal Haskoning ADC
Contractor Corporation (ADC) Employer Rep. / Consultant
Construction Manager
Aqaba LNG, in brief
Dars services and responsibilities

The tender for the construction management Elements of the project
services and specialized supervision services was -- Offshore marine civil works
awarded to an international joint venture comprising -- Landside civil works
Dar Al-Handasah, Arcadis and DAMEC. Dar was -- Service utilities
appointed the sole leader of the venture. -- Onshore and offshore mechanical, electrical,
piping (MEP) works, and installations
As construction manager, Dar provided the -- Related Instrumentation and Control (I&C) systems
specialized site supervision, construction and
contract management, cost control, stakeholders Additional scope
management, as well as the necessary assistance in The rehabilitation and renovation of an existing timber
handing over the project to the terminal operator. jetty in order to use it as a port for the new tug boats.
The duties involved the construction of a fully-

furnished and equipped LNG terminal fit for importing
and regasifying LNG. The gas would then be pumped
through JGTP, which passes through Aqaba and up to
other parts of the country. It is composed of onshore
and offshore components and elements (See Figure 5)
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i12 l LNG Delivered

Project Components and Elements 5
Marine Civil Works Berthing structure (two berthing dolphins, loading platform, catwalks,
piles, mooring equipment, and marine furniture)
Approach trestle
Landside Civil Works Terminal and administration buildings
Roads, parking lots, gates, pedestrian sidewalks, and fencing
Service Utilities Works MV/LV power supply
Firefighting facilities (pumps building, water tank, fire pumps, hydrants,
monitors, etc.)
Emergency power generator
Potable water supply system
Rain water and drainage networks
Control, instrumentation, data, and low-voltage cables networks
MEP and I&C Works Floating ship and regasification unit FSRU
Unloading arms
Gangway tower (from loading platform to FSRU)
Firefighting unit
Ship to shore links
24 pipeline (from loading platform to FAJR pipeline)
High-integrity pressure protection system (HIPPS)
Emergency shut-down system (ESD)
Metering skid
Figure 2 Projects
stakeholders Blow down valves and vent stack
Figure 3 The approach
trestle and loading platform Fire and gas system, and fire detection system
at Aqaba LNG terminal
Figure 4 LNG carrier berths Air compressing system and Nitrogen system
and delivers gas to FSRU at
Aqaba LNG terminal
Tug Jetty Port For berthing of the tug jetty boats
Figure 5 Project components
and elements
19
Oil and Gas: A complex field
Oil and Gas (O&G) presents a particular set of challenges requiring high-caliber skills, running the full gamut from
construction to operation. This proved to be the case with the Aqaba LNG terminal, which presented inherent
obstacles. The Dar team often had to act quickly and efficiently to avert any uncalled for delay to the progress of the
work and projects completion date.
Challenge 1: Interfaces with different boundary Takeaways

limits Understandably, the projects challenges put pressure
The interface at the projects boundary limits on the Dar team. However, the team proved more
constituted a major challenge. Proceeding with a than up to the task, with the project eliciting a very
high level of technical coordination, Dars people high level of internal cooperation. We maintained a
guaranteed compatible interaction, safe operations, constant flow of communication between the contract
and a timely synchronization of interfaces between parties and project stakeholders, to make sure those
the MEP and I&C systems within the terminal during milestones were achievable and realistic, as well as
the gas sendout. We also ensured the compatibility of well-understood and taken seriously. Furthermore,
systems on the FSRU, on one hand, and the systems in the project showcased our teams high technical,
the pipelines control room next to the tie-in point, on managerial and contractual capabilities.
the other hand.
Furthermore, the manner in which Dar completed the
The Dar team also attended the weekly international Aqaba LNG terminal, under complex circumstances,
conference calls among the project stakeholders secured our foothold in the O&G industry. The project
and took notes on those imperative issues. They then will open doors in the field, doors that further our
provided their own comments, notifying the client of companys mission to generate lasting economic and
the manifested risks that would affect the projects social development and offer people a better quality of
progress and deadline. life.
Challenge 2: Diverse interests Ultimately, the efforts of the team during the
Stakeholder management proved to be another construction and start-up phases of the project
pressing front. The stakeholders diverse interests emanated from Dars vision and its commitments to
and disparate geographical locations (See Figure 2) its clients, people and communities. We were able
required clear and decisive action. So, in addition to to succeed by working with the client, not merely for
the weekly conference calls, Dars team attended and them, and truly understanding their needs, objectives
co-chaired the monthly stakeholder and ministerial and goals.
meetings, preparing and presenting criticality reports
for the ministers and government senior officials.
These reports summarized the progress of works,
presented inherent risks and recommended mitigation
measures to deal with such risks.
Challenge 3: Tight timeframe

The schedule was organized around several milestone
dates, all within a tight timeframe. Those pivotal dates
included the arrival date of the FSRU loaded with
commissioning cargo, the installation of some MEP
works on the FSRU, the arrival of the new tug boats, the
testing and boiling of the gas cargo in the FSRU, the
testing and commissioning of MEP and I&C systems
within the terminal and at the interface points, the
training of the tug boats operators, the first gas date,
and the gas sendout date.
Figure 6 Offshore MEP and

marine civil works at Aqaba
LNG terminal
20 dar.com
i12 l LNG Delivered DarMagazine l January 2017
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6
A Bold Approach to
Technology and Innovation
at Clemson University
Author
Floyd Cline
Expertise
Project Manager and These days it can be hard for colleges and universities to keep up with technology. They
Project Architect face a constant uphill battle with the rapid pace of change, and technology comes with
high costs, even as universities budgets are shrinking.
Company
Perkins+Will Despite that, Clemson University had a vision to create a high-tech environment
that would allow students, faculty and industry partners to come together. Its Watt
Location Family Innovation Center became a vehicle for that vision, fostering an interactive
Atlanta, USA learning experience and providing an agile interdisciplinary environment of science
and technology. And it did this while engaging industry partners in order to make the
enterprise fiscally sustainable.
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i12 l A Bold Approach to Technology and Innovation at Clemson University
2
Figure 1 The atrium features

the Universitys Brand Center,
project boxes and media
niches where innovation and
brand are put on display.
Figure 2 Collaborative
learning rooms provide an
agile student environment
for various active learning
models.
Incredibly fast and extremely connected

A pillar of the Watt Family Innovation Center is its robust technology network. The
University wanted a facility that would be designed to accommodate not just the
technology of tomorrow, but also the technology of the day after tomorrow. The
building needed to aid research, innovation, collaboration, and interactive learning
through the use of some of the industrys top technology solutions. It had to be both
a new standard for the University as well as a lab for experimentation in the ways
students learn and collaborate.
The building hosts 73 spaces containing AV technology; 354 types of hardware;

4,372 pieces of hardware; 191 large-screen, high-resolution touch monitors; 12 video
walls; a cinema-quality 3D laser projection system; four networks along with building-
wide videoconferencing and collaboration systems; and, soon to come, an immersive
theater.
The building deploys a number of tools like BlueJeans and Skype. Another smart
feature is the buildings displays, which are wirelessly addressable from personal
devices. This eliminates the need for messy connector cables throughout the
building. Furthermore, an incredibly fast network allows users to share resources
across the building as well as connect to the campuss nationally-recognized, high-
performance computing center. Finally, the building is part of the state of South
Carolinas LightRail system, allowing it to tie into a network of collaborative work suites
at innovation centers across the state. (In fact, the Watt Family Innovation Center is
the virtual connectivity management center of this network.)
Empowered students
However, at the end of the day, its all about the students. The Centers active learning
classrooms house large touchscreen monitors, which can be divided in order to aid
collaborative learning. Project rooms are filled with creative and interactive tools. A
rapid prototyping suite hosts an array of 3D printing options along with a laser cutter,
letting students easily prototype their ideas. An adjacent high-bay lab is on hand,
providing flexibility for large-scale projects. There is also a high-tech public space
functioning as a showcase auditorium, and technology-rich informal spaces that
encourage precious innovative exchanges.
23
Future-proofing
Whenever a center like this one focuses on now technology, its long-term
sustainability comes into question. Because technology changes so fast, many
institutions struggle with making these types of large technology investments.
Clemson University tackled this challenge creatively. They involved community and
industry partners in the mission of its facility. As a result, the industry partners will
provide gifts-in-kind, active collaboration in student projects and board positions that
help steer the trajectory of the facility, all while securing its long term sustainability.
In parallel, the facility will open up to partners, who take a special interest in student
and faculty ideas, and allow them to collaborate and innovate in an academic setting.
The partners also get the satisfaction of knowing they are equipping their future
workforces with the critical skills needed to thrive.
As innovation centers proliferate on many university campuses, the Watt Family

Innovation Center serves as a resource and shining example of how to manifest a
strong vision for student success.
The Watt Center @

Clemson U
73 spaces
containing
AV technology
354 types of
hardware
4,372
pieces of hardware
191
large-screen, high-resolution touch
monitors
12
video walls
Figure 3 Technology-rich
A cinema-quality 3D
project labs of various scales laser projection system
provide space for project
work, while connecting with
surrounding activity.
Figure 4 The exterior of 4 networks
the Watt Family Innovation along with
Center features a two-story
color kinetics media grid that
building-wide videoconferencing
faces the rest of the Clemson and collaboration systems,
University campus.
Figure 5 One of three
collaboration media niches A soon-to-come
in the atrium featuring a
wirelessly accessible, full immersive theater
touchcapable video wall
for student interaction and
engagement.
24 dar.com
i12 l A Bold Approach to Technology and Innovation at Clemson University DarMagazine l January 2017
25
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5
3
Tower of Power
The EnviroMission Solar Tower:
The Utility-Scale,
CostCompetitive Answer
Author
Paul Wood
Expertise
Chief Operating Much of the reluctance to support renewable power
Officer, USA has centered on cost, capacity and intermittency. The
discussion of cost has decreased as costs continue
Company to fall, but the non-conforming nature of renewables
Currie & Brown continues to plague the industry. Tremendous
amounts of money are being invested into batteries 1
Location with the objective to have them act as storage for
USA intermittent solar and wind generation. One major
3
problem with this is that you are combining two
inherently flawed technologies; solar and wind that
only generate when the sun is shining or the wind is
blowing, rather than when demanded, with batteries
that are not sustainable, have a short life and are
expensive.
Now imagine a power resource that used no fuel, used

no water and produced power in a flexible, reliable
fashion: a technology with inherent storage. That type
of energy is exactly what the utilities require to better
manage their portfolio and not have to hedge fuel
and water pricing into the future. The environmental
community would likely support it as well because
of its sustainable qualities. The next question that
needs to be asked is whether it is truly sustainable.
That is, can the power be delivered in a cost-effective
manner?
Water is often the forgotten element of sustainability

because it is available cheaply to those in the
western world. In the Desert Southwest and in many
other areas around the world, it is becoming a more
pressing concern as we deplete the aquifers more
quickly than they can be recharged. Power generators
like nuclear, coal, gas, and solar thermal utilize steam
to generate power and use considerable amounts of
water for every electron that is generated. To put the
amount of water utilized into context, if a power plant
was to generate enough power for approximately
100,000 average US households, about 700 million
gallons of water or enough water for 10,000 average
households annual usage would be utilized.
It would appear that if a resource capable of

addressing all these concerns existed, it could
be considered the Holy Grail of energy. Unlike the
Holy Grail, there need not be further discussion
about whether there is such an energy resource.
Figure 1 Tower base and
EnviroMission is developing the Solar Tower, a
collector technology capable of delivering cost-competitive
Figure 2 Visitor Center energy in a reliable, flexible and non-intermittent
Figure 3 Site at La Paz,
Arizona, USA manner. It does this while consuming no water nor any
Figure 4 800 m concept tower fuel.
elevation
26 dar.com
i12 l Tower of Power The EnviroMission Solar Tower: The Utility-Scale, Cost-Competitive Answer DarMagazine l January 2017
27
4
2
The fundamental operating principles of the EnviroMission Solar Tower are illustrated below.
The EnviroMission Solar Towers provides enough sustainable energy to power 150,000typical
American households, offset 1 million tons of greenhouse gases per year and abate the use
of up to 1billion gallons of potable water annually (the typical amount of water associated with
traditional power and solar thermal generation methods).
TOWER
800 m Burj Khalifa
828 m
CANOPY
Empire State Building
443 m
Cutaway detail
TOWER TURBINES CANOPY

The tower will be approximately At the base of the tower,
The canopy is expected to be
800m high and 130m in diameter, 32 turbines positioned around the
approximately 4.8km in diameter
constructed of reinforced concrete. tower circumference will generate
and will be constructed of glass
electricity.
and a high insulated translucent
material.
Solar Tower technology uses solar to generate utility-scale electricity reliably

insolation (indirect) and radiation (direct) throughout the day and at night without the
to heat air beneath a large translucent use of water. The collector has the ability (if
collector (greenhouse) that in turn creates desired) to capture more than enough fresh
a constant flow of air to drive turbines at water to provide for all onsite needs via its
the base of the tower. The collector is open large collector area.
at the periphery allowing air to continuously
flow from the outside toward the middle of The first Solar Tower in the US is planned
the collector. One of the many strengths for La Paz County, Arizona, and is
of the Solar Tower technology is its ability scheduled to commence construction in
28 dar.com
i12 l Tower of Power The EnviroMission Solar Tower: The Utility-Scale, Cost-Competitive Answer
How it works 7 POWER OUTPUT
The integration of the Solar
6 MOVING AIR UP AND OUT
The tower is the key component.
Tower components results It provides a low pressure area
in a 200 MW facility that (cooler air at the top) that draws
1 ENERGY SOURCE operates at a 60% capacity the lighter hot air up from the
A desert creates a perfect factor generating 1.1 million canopy to complete the cycle of
environment because of MWh/Year. moving air.
the open space, warm
climate and sunny days.
The suns UV rays penetrate
the canopy and heat the air Cool air
Solar (low pressure)
inside. rays
Co
ol a
ir (
low
preCooler air
ssu
re) Ambient temperature
32-38C
The desert floor

insolates heat
during the day and Ho
ta
releases it at night. ir (
hig
hp
res
sure
)
2 COLLECTING THE
ENERGY
The heated air
3 MOVING THE HEAT
is trapped under
The canopy roof
the collector.
or collector has a
While the ambient
slight incline toward
temperature outside
the center. The
may be 38C, the
incline allows the 4 TURNING THE
temperature under
expanding hot air TURBINES
the collector at the
to move toward the The hot air passes
base of the tower
tower while pulling through 32
may be 82C. 5 GENERATING
in cooler ambient turbines situated
air from outside the around the base POWER
collector. of the tower at The generator
56kph. connected to the
turbines converts the
mechanical energy into
electricity.
2019. The Solar Tower would not only generate power of delivering multiple Solar Towers on a global basis.
with all the aforementioned desired characteristics Members of this team bring significant expertise in all
but will also generate significant economic benefits areas necessary to deliver this disruptive renewable
to the La Paz County and Arizona. It is expected that energy source.
approximately 1,500 workers will be employed during
construction, with a further 40 being employed on an Solar Tower development is coming and when
ongoing basis. delivered, it will provide the type of energy that
the often disparate factions of the industry could
EnviroMission continues to assemble a world-class unanimously support.
team to deliver the first Solar Tower with the intent
29
Authors
Yehia Elezaby Gaining Ground:
Resolving Soil-Structure
Magdi Eldmerdash
Tarek Hassan
Interaction in the Design

Ayman Fayed
Sayed Elaraby
of Quay Wall Terminals of

Mohamed Hanafy
Ahmed Soliman
East Port Said

Expertise
Structures
Company
Dar Al-Handasah
Location
Cairo, Egypt
Because of its heterogeneous, semi-infinite nature, soil
poses a challenge for structural analysts and designers.
Such was the case with this ports nine planned quay walls,
which interacted extensively with the surrounding soil.
East Port Said 1
The East Port Said site lies on the Asian

side of the Suez Canal, less than 20km
from the city of Port Said and about
10km from the Mediterranean coast.
The site covers approximately 7,552ha
of largely undeveloped land with limited
infrastructure and is constrained to
the south by agricultural areas and to
the north by environmentally-sensitive
wetlands.
In a bid to create an international

transshipment hub, the Egyptian
government earmarked the northwest
area of East Port Said for a major
port expansion. Once completed, the
expanded port is set to host container
ships and dry bulk cargos.
Conditions
Given in its heterogeneous, semi-infinite
nature, soil poses a perennial problem
for structural analysts / designers. This
is especially true when soil interacts
with structures made of well-defined 2
construction materials. In the case
of the East Port Said area, a total of
4,500m of quay walls are slated for
Figure 1 Location of East Port construction. As a result, the ports
Said zone
Figure 2 General layout of the nine planned quay walls will interact
new port extensively with the surrounding soil.
Figure 3 Front wall steel piles
erected
Figure 4 Boring of concrete
piles
30 dar.com
i12 l Gaining Ground: Resolving Soil-Structure Interaction in the Design of Quay Wall Terminals of East Port Said
3
Structural system
Different structural systems for the quay walls were considered, and eventually, a portal frame system with front wall,
back wall and intermediate piles was chosen. The chosen system relies heavily on the passive resistance of the soil to
counteract active earth pressure coming from retained soil and surcharge loads behind the quay wall.
A closed quay system was chosen for the design, allowing for the construction of the quay wall in the dry without the
need for offshore construction equipment. The structural system of the berth comprises the following components:4
-- Front wall: The berths front wall consists of steel piles with
a diamter of 2,000mm spaced at 3.49m and extending to a 4
depth of approximately 68m. These are connected by sheet

piles (wall sections AZ28-700) extending to a depth of 24m.
The steel piles are filled with reinforced concrete and connect
with a reinforced concrete deck extending to a depth of 26m.
-- Back wall: The back wall of the berth consists of reinforced
concrete piles with a diameter of 1,200mm, spaced 1.745m
apart. The spacing between bored piles is filled by CFA-
reinforced concrete piles with a diameter of 600mm.
-- Middle piles: Two reinforced concrete bored piles with a
diameter of 1,200mm are positioned in the middle to shorten
the span of the deck structure.
-- Deck structure: The deck structure comprises transversal
girders spaced at 3.49m connecting the front and back
walls and internally supported by the middle two piles. The
deck also comprises the front capping beam, which hosts
the berth furniture including cranes front rail, and the back
capping beam, which hosts the cranes back rail. Both front
and back capping beams connect the transverse girders to
form a rigid diaphragm. The space between the cross girders
was occupied by a precast concrete slab spanning the cross
girders and overtopped by a reinforced concrete slab.
31
5 Geotechnical numerical analysis
Various marine quay structures were studied using
sophisticated numerical 3D analyses. The goal was
to simulate the behavior of the quay structure and the
surrounding soil and assess how the quay wall might
behave under a combination of permanent and transient
static loads.
Our numerical models carefully considered the effect of

the following:
-- Soil behavior
-- Construction stages and load cases
-- Geometry and boundary conditions.
After arriving at the most efficient quay wall system, we

carried out extensive 2D and 3D analyses. The goal of
these was to:
1. Evaluate the primary consolidation of the thick clayey

layer at the end of the quay walls design life;
2. Estimate movement under operating conditions;
3. Check the structural elements to ensure that the
stress and crack widths at working load conditions are
within permissible limits;
4. Determine the straining actions required to design the
structural elements for the ultimate limit state;
5. Calculate the overall safety in the short and long term.
Soil behavior
The project required attention to special The complexity of ground conditions
soil features such as the stress-strain was a major challenge of the
project. None of the current soil
non-linearity, time-dependent deformations constitutive models can reproduce
all the aspects of real soil behavior.
and stress-dependent strength and Moreover, the project required
stiffness. attention to special soil features such
as the stress-strain non-linearity,
time-dependent deformations and
stress-dependent strength and
stiffness.
6
Ultimately though, two constitutive

models were deemed appropriate for
representing the soil in the analyses:
-- The hardening soil model: A model

used to simulate the drained
response of granular soil layers,
i.e., sandy soils. It accounts
for the stress-dependency of
the stiffness modulus, i.e., the
increase of soil stiffness increases
with confining pressure.
-- The soft soil model: A model
used to simulate both undrained
and drained responses of soft to
medium stiff clays and very stiff
clayey soils extending anywhere
from 8 m to 50 m in depth.
Figure 5 Alignment of front
wall steel piles
Figure 6 Works examining the
density of soil
Figure 7 Painting of steel piles
32 dar.com
7
The behavior of this layer is characterized by a Structural modelling

very low permeability, i.e., very slow drainage Figure 7 shows the different structural elements of the
of excess pore water pressure. quay wall system in the finite element model. Additionally:
Consequently, for our load cases involving -- Both the vertical elements and the front, rear and
rapid load application, the expected intermediate piles were modeled using volume
response of the clayey layer was simulated elements with linear elastic properties and the
through an undrained analysis. This analysis equivalent Youngs modulus value. This was done in
used effective stress parameters with the order to properly simulate soil-structure interaction
calculation of excess pore water pressure. and obtain the same flexural stiffness of the vertical
elements.
To account for long-term ground response, -- The structural forces were calculated by integrating
either due to the primary consolidation of the results in the stress points along the region
clayey layers or the potential secondary perpendicular to the cross-section center line.
consolidation (creep test), we carried out a -- The front sheet piles were modeled using plate (shell)
consolidation calculation for the quay wall. elements. The interface between soil and the structural
Our calculation predicted sustained loads for elements was modelled using interface elements with
a design lifetime of 100 years. appropriate interface strength reduction coefficient.
For our load cases involving rapid load application, the

expected response of the clayey layer was simulated
through an undrained analysis. This analysis used
effective stress parameters with the calculation of

excess pore water pressure.
33
8
Structural design
The walls structural members are dimensioned and reinforced to withstand straining actions. As a
result, they satisfy the code requirements for strength and serviceability. Additionally:
-- The design follows the BS EN 1992 and 1993 building standards and abides by the Egyptian Code of
Practice.
-- The design satisfies the two principal criteria of ultimate limit state (ULS) and serviceability limit
state (SLS) as given in BS EN 1990 as well as the Egyptian Code of Practice of Structural Concrete
Elements.
-- The ultimate design was conducted using ultimate load combinations. Piles and girders were
checked by interaction diagrams using the critical bending moment values and associated axial
forces.
-- The service design was conducted using characteristic load combinations, whereby the maximum
stresses in the concrete and steel bars were checked not to exceed the limits required by
BSEN1992-1-1:2004.
-- All crack width calculations were conducted considering a quasi-permanent load combination.
Special attention was given to durability requirements in a harsh marine environment with respect to
structural steel corrosion and limited crack width in reinforced concrete members.
34 dar.com
Boat mooring system
Figure 8 Reinforcement of
concrete piles to be embeded
The mooring system was designed based on the largest vessel in deck structure
expected to use the berth: one with a deadweight tonnage of 245,000t.
The operational wind speed was assumed to be 26 m/s.
A complete static mooring analysis was conducted, using OPTIMOOR

software. The purpose behind this analysis was to verify the maximum
bollard capacity. The analysis showed that, at an operational wind
speed of 26 m/s, the vessel would safely remain moored at the quay,
but that operations would not be possible because the forces in ropes
exceed operational limit.
At each bollard location, special reinforcement was provided to ensure

that the capping element would safely withstand the bollard pull. The
design was conducted using the strut-and-tie method to simulate the
actual scenario.
Challenge met: A prolonged design life amid a harsh

marine environment
The importance of East Port Saids quay walls and the special nature
of the surrounding soil there spurred us onwards as a team, and led
us to attain a coherent and competent design that satisfied all code
requirements. Achieving prolonged design life in such a harsh marine
environment and meeting the fast-track construction schedule
were among our chief challenges, both of which were successfully
overcome.
35
Authors
Majdi Saadeddine What Makes Green
Buildings Tick? Building
Michel Nader
Omar Mneimneh
and Energy Management

Expertise
Instrumentation and
Systems, of Course
Controls Engineers
Company
Dar Al-Handasah
Location
Beirut, Lebanon
Zero net energy (ZNE) buildings meet 100% of their

annual energy use through onsite renewable energy.
They are able to do it thanks to building and energy
management systems (BEMS), which are the heart and
foundation of these systems.
Zero net energy (ZNE) is a high standard granted to buildings that have reduced
Figure 1 An example of green
building at Princess Nora Bint
their energy loads to such an extent that, over a year, 100% of the buildings
Abdulrahman University annual energy needs can be met with renewable energy onsite. These marvelous
Figure 2 Evolution of the ZNE buildings are designed to efficiently manage energy resources using everything
buildings number
Figure 3 Control system from insulation and lighting control to smart daylighting, shading controls and
architecture radiant heating/cooling systems.
36 dar.com
The concept is catching on, especially in North America (See Figure 1) where the state Definition
i12 l What Makes Green Buildings Tick? Building and Energy Management Systems, of Course
of California set a ZNE target for all new residential buildings by 2020 and for all new Control system
commercial buildings by 2030. The effectiveness of such buildings is highly dependent architecture relies on
on the site conditions, climate variables as well as the following of a clear process for computers and networked
systems to organize and
designing, building and monitoring. monitor the procedure.
But ZNE could not do all this without the help of another established field of engineering
that works hard behind the scenes. That field is building and energy management
systems (BEMS), the decisive element behind ZNE compliance.
2
2015
2014 39
33
Interim Legend
count: 191
160
2012 ZNE verified
buildings and districts
21
60 ZNE emerging
127 152 buildings and districts
39
Ultra-low
39 53 53 energy buildings
Control system architectures

Whether they are residential buildings, offices, libraries, or museums, ZNE projects come in
every shape and size. And depending on the project, different control system architectures
are used in order to hit the desired energy target. There can be a single main control system
to monitor and control all the electro-mechanical equipment or there can be multiple sub-
systems for dedicated applications.
BEMS Control Room BEMS Portable Unit

Report Alarm Operator Operator BEMS
printer printer workstation workstation servers rack
Management level
Building Data Network
Legend
Third party gateway NAC FACP NAC
Ethernet data
SCADA
network
Optional BEMS field bus
ASC Application specific

Electrical controller
DDC ASC Field bus
Low current and DDC Direct digital
power systems controller
Automation level
VSD or
Electro-mechanical FACP Fire alarm control
control panel ASC panel
RTU or MSU
MSU Mini-split AC unit
Field bus NAC Network automation

controller
RTU Rooftop AC unit
SCADA Supervisory control

Field level
Field devices
and data acquisition
Liquid Damper Control Air Smoke Temperature Differential Smart
flow actuator valves flow detection humidity pressure sensor VFD Variable speed drive
37
Regardless of the method, a high level of integration is essential. Control system architecture converges all the data
sources into one unified control system, capable of computing, detailing, trending, and predicting the buildings
energy consumption and generation.
The evolution of controllers

Controllers are programmable devices that gather and process data from multiple sensors and equipment, and send
back instructions and commands based on that data.
Conventional buildings rely extensively on one of two kinds of controllers: on/off switching controllers for
thermostats, and proportional-integral (PI) and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers. Simple on/off
controllers were the first controllers to be used. But due to their switching control logic, they waste a lot of energy
and often overshoot their needs. Proportional (P), PI and PID controllers came along later. These closed-loop
feedback controllers ensure optimal comfort while reducing energy waste. However, because they possess constant
parameters, these controllers lack direct knowledge of the system they control.
The next stage of evolution has been intelligent controllers. These controllers rely on predictive, proactive and
adaptive control loops. They include artificial intelligence, fuzzy logic and neural networks. Intelligent controllers let
engineers create smart and adaptive control loops, involving current weather and forecast data analysis. As a result,
the weather forecast data can be used to ensure a continuous increase/decrease in temperature, optimizing energy
use.
Nevertheless, intelligent controls are not completely automated, and humans still play a part. The current weather and
forecast data analysis would be used to warn and advise the control room operator, who would take the appropriate
decision.
The intelligent control can also take into consideration factors not related to the weather: scheduled meetings and
gatherings, occupancy and access control data, and other input.
Monitoring/Metering
Control systems can provide all the data needed to assess a buildings energy performance. Power meters and
thermal energy meters usually do the trick. But fuel and gas meters are highly recommended too because generator,
diesel fire pump, boiler, and cooking loads all have to be accounted for in any true assessment of a buildings energy
performance.
Figure 4 Energy consumption

monitoring charts
Figure 5 Heating/Cooling
smart chair used in the Rocky
Mountain Innovation Center
38 dar.com
Control philosophy
Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC)
Comprehensive control philosophies can go into great detail. Examples of this are
controlled heat recovery devices, economizers, variable frequency drives (VFDs),
and energy valves - all of which are technologies that vary depending on the weather
conditions. For instance, the Rocky Mountain Innovation Center, US, provides chairs with
electric heat and an integrated fan to give occupants more control over their personal
temperature.
Advanced control philosophies include a trim and respond (T&R) logic system replacing
conventional pressure reset methods in variable air volume (VAV) systems. T&R logic will
reset the pressure set point that the air handling unit (AHU) VFD fan is using in order to
modulate the AHU fan speed for the purpose of maintaining the required pressure in the
system.
T&R logic is meant to save energy and ensure that there are no starved boxes. The T&R
logic is based on zone pressure requests. A request is generated when the damper
nears full open; when the damper closes to a given position, no request is generated.
The controller slowly and regularly trims the pressure set point as far as no requests
are generated. When a zone indicates through a pressure request that more pressure
is required, the controller quickly responds by significantly increasing the pressure set
point. The controller can be programmed to ignore requests from predefined VAV boxes
or a predefined number of VAV boxes.
Heating element and cooling fan in seatback
Adjustable seatback for maximum comfort
Adjustable armrests
Heating element and two cooling fans in seat
Set your own thermal

comfort level.
Use your smartphone

for full control.
Lighting and shading

Electric light controls include everything from wall switches to centralized scheduled
lighting with occupancy sensors and manual overrides. In some cases, lights are
designed so that the default setting is Off, and occupants must turn on the lights. Also,
almost all ZNE buildings use photocells and occupancy sensors.
Dimming fixtures are also an important component of these buildings, allowing the
building to take advantage of natural light and conditions requiring less light. Luminaire
level lighting controls, which are controllable at each luminaire rather than in zones of light
fixtures, are an up-and-coming design element in high performance buildings.
39
Other ideas
Other control systems can help buildings reach their ZNE targets. For example, office
workstations and printers may be switched off automatically based on a schedule of
operations or occupancy data.
Control system operator role

For smart control systems to work, it is essential to involve building operators. Experience has
shown that, in addition to training, building operators should be involved in the design process
as early as possible, as well as in the sequence development and commissioning efforts. Also,
better documentation at the handover is essential too, as well as ongoing communication
among the operator, design team and controls contractor.
The BEMS specifications might include the requirement to generate warnings for the control
room operator when the actions have a negative impact on the energy management targets.
These negative actions can include overriding HVAC and lighting schedules (turning on lights
or HVAC equipment while there is no occupancy), overriding set points and deactivating the
recovery. Such warnings remind the operator to turn off or reset the initial condition. The
warnings can be also used, when time is stamped and stored in memory, to hold the operator
responsible for his actions by the owner or energy auditors.
Finally, energy warnings can also include events that the operator is not responsible for, such
as high cooling demand and high measured diversity.
Engaging the users

Recent trends in building controls focus on engaging buildings occupants. For example,
occupants are given cues to open or close windows or turn off equipment. They take part in
achieving energy targets through tools such as computer programs, smart phone apps, wearable
technology (e.g., smart watches), or other visual messaging devices that they can engage with.
The most promising tool is the energy dashboard, an interactive creative dashboard that can
involve gaming and entertainment. For example, energy dashboards may include green and
red lights that are switched on and off (or smiley faces that appear and disappear) according to
the users actions (opening a window, turning on the lights during daytime , etc.). Dashboards
are not just a shiny display with nice numbers, but a psychologically and statistically proven
method to significantly influence users actions, and consequently energy savings.
Figure 6 BEMS interactive

dashboard
Figure 7 Energy efficiency
benchmarking
Figure 8 Dar Cairo new
headquarters stands as
another example of green
building
40 dar.com
7
8
Conclusion
Some people think that the ZNE modern trend is
not boosted by global warming and environmental
awareness. They argue that the rush towards ZNE
is boosted by the financial need for new investment
sectors, as energy management reduces operation
costs of buildings and makes for a fast growing,
money-making sector.
Others say that most of the ZNE certified buildings

are not really zero net energy. They point to energy
losses in power plant production and transmission
lines, and argue that the real-time costs of energy
are not accounted for. As a result, ZNE is adapting,
and we now have Source ZNE and Time Dependent
Valuation ZNE.
But despite all this, it is generally agreed that ZNE

buildings are pointing to a better way forward in
green buildings. What is more, everyone agrees on
one thing: that building controls are essential for
achieving ZNEs ambitious energy reduction and
management goals.
41
Authors
Massimo Maffeis Italian Engineers,
Chinese Contractors
Massimiliano
Zecchetto
Andrea Biasi
Federico Bosetti
and an Algerian
Airport
Company
Maffeis Engineering
Location
Italy Value Engineering of the
Algiers International Airport
Maffeis Engineering was hired to value engineer the Algiers

International Airport. The structural specialists from Italy
worked with the biggest contractor in the world on a great,
satisfying experience and, in the process, helped the client
achieve big savings.
One of Africas best airports, expanded by the worlds biggest

general contractor
Welcome to Houari Boumediene International Airport, Algerias main airport. Located

slightly east of Algiers, it can currently receive several million passengers a year. And, in
2011, this particular airport was ranked the best in Africa.
A new expansion is under construction to add a terminal to the three existing terminals,
which currently handle international, domestic and charter flights respectively. Designed
to the International Civil Aviation Associations Grade A standards, the new terminal
is expected to receive 10 million passengers annually. It will have a total land area of
650,000 m2 and a built-up area of 200,000 m2.
Figures 1 and 2 Global

rendering of the expansion of
the airport
Figure 3 Faade and roof steel
structure
42 dar.com
3
i12 l Italian Engineers, Chinese Contractors and an Algerian Airport Value Engineering the Algiers International Airport
Our mission: Refining the original solution, Structural characteristics of the roof
while staying on budget
In the Btiment, 10 girders with variable height make up
the steel roof primary structure. The beams are borne
China State Construction Engineering Corporation Ltd.
by two to three steel V-columns with hollow sections.
(CSCEC), the number one general contractor in the world
Together, the beams and columns play a significant
in terms of turnover, was awarded the project with a
architectural role, contributing to the external and internal
bidding price of around $910 million. Maffeis Engineering
shape of the airport.
was hired by CSCEC to optimize the concrete structures,
steel roof and faades. In particular, Maffeiss expertise
A set of arches that are connected to the main trusses
was needed in developing the original solution to improve
form the secondary structures. A series of skylights
the constructability of the envelope, while respecting the
were provided between primary arches for inside natural
initial budget.
lighting, while a corrugated metal sheet spans the space
between secondary arches.
2
In the Jete, the primary steel structure is similar

except that there are only two main girders bearing over
concrete columns every 18 meters. The original design
foresaw a tapered re-built box section for all the main
girders.
To reduce the weight of the steel structure and to avoid

a high number of welded connections on site, these
beams were replaced by trusses composed of circular
hollow sections and variable heights. To ensure an easy
The vision and strategy of the structure transportation by ship from the factory and a quick
assembly onsite, there is a bolted connection every 10m.
The brief stipulated two issues: simplicity and flexibility.
As a result, the design for the new terminal is that of a For the secondary arches, Maffeiss solution was to
simple, low-maintenance cost, robust structure, but with replace the HE section with a box section, providing
enough flexibility to allow changes in the future. torsional stiffness for the lateral stability. In fact,
during the installation, the HE profiles did not have the

The choice of materials and structural solutions clearly necessary lateral inertia to be stabilized before the
reflect this vision - as in the case of the roof. The latters installation of the roof cladding. The steel grade will be
fluid and dynamic shape presents a soft and continuous S355 for all the steel members.
transition between the main Btiment (building) and the
Jete (terminal). The roof manages to preserve a unified
and compact image while maintaining a conceptual
distinction between the two.
43
Putting the value in value engineering 4
Our value engineering brought many advantages, from the reduction

of the roofs weight to the improvement of the buildings seismic
behavior. Other advantages pertained to:
-- Aesthetics: With our help, the height of the beam was reduced
so that the visual impact of the beam became more beautiful.
This resulted in a more pleasing architectural statement (slender
structure).
-- Transportation: Elements were made smaller and lighter, and
therefore easier to transport. The main beams now have smaller
geometrical dimensions, meaning less joints needed to assemble
the boxes, meaning lower costs when constructing the steel
structures.
-- Erection onsite: The now-smaller (and lighter) steel elements are
easier to install on site. Smaller cranes also mean a lower cost for
erecting the steel structures. And our smaller dimensions also
permit quicker assembly. Finally, our solution reduced temporary
piers, which erect the primary beams by 50%.
6 7
Figure 4 Exploded view

Figure 5 Faade and roof steel
structure
Figure 6 Foundation - general
view
Figure 7 Foundation -
reinforcing bars detail
Figure 8 Installation of the roof
secondary arches
44 dar.com
5
The structure: Foundation, piling and concrete
An important design decision is whether to have joints in a building. In the case

of the Algiers terminal, the issue was crucial since the building is located in a
seismic zone with very high structural requirements.
The approved design found a compromise between the elimination of joints (a

positive solution from the seismic point of view) and the maximum reasonable
dimensions for the joints (a solution that addresses the high demand due to
thermal action).
In the main building, for each module defined by the expansion joints, Maffeis
Engineering contemplated a shear concrete wall system. This wall system,
combined with the general structure of floors, provides the structure with enough
rigidity to cope with seismic deformation - in levels below those defined in
regulation. The arrangement of the cores elicits an appropriate response for each
sector through a balance between symmetry/center of mass relative to the twist,
on the one hand, and compatibility with architectural requirements, on the other.
Savings for the concrete structure were achieved by analyzing the entire
structure (concrete, roof and faade) and the effective stiffness of foundations
and lateral foundation walls. An analysis of such high accuracy allowed us to be
very efficient with the structural resources, both for the steel part and concrete
parts.
A mix of piles and reinforced concrete slabs form the base of the foundation
system. The slabs needed to be able to resist the negative pressure of the
water table. The piles were bored and cast onsite and the foundation plinths
were arranged in groups and centered on the vertical concrete columns. We
optimized the total amount of foundation piles of the original project. We did this
by concentrating on the concrete and reinforcing bars, decreasing the diameter
of the piles. This was made possible via further studies on the seismic behavior
of the piles.
The reduction in maximum quantities compared Slabs and beams Columns

to the original solution
Concrete -25% -5%
Rebars -12% -7%
45
The faade
The faade wall system consisted of an aluminum Different options for the faade structure were
profile grid and glass panel series. Supporting this investigated in the design process, aiming at
wall system was a series of columns with a rebuilt providing the best architectural impact and
rectangular box section that is vertical or inclined optimizing the cross sections. At their upper ends,
as a function of the airport zone. The sections pitch the faade columns are connected together by
was 9 m, a figure consistent with the modularity of the means of an arch-shaped closure element,
the building. also supporting the metallic cladding. The best
compromise was achieved with faade columns and
Transversely, secondary elements were posed arches having the rebuilt box section. This solution
horizontally every 4.5 m. These elements, was preferred from the architectural point of view
which have rectangular hollow sections, were in comparison with other design options (such as
vertically supported by cables every 3 m to avoid having truss elements instead of box sections).
displacements incompatible with the glass panels.
For horizontal loads (i.e., wind), the span became The savings made in our design of the faade
triple. compared to the original solution were 8%.
10
Figure 9 Faade value

engineering - box section
solution
Figure 10 Faade value
engineering - truss solution
Figure 11 CFD analysis - wind
velocity streamlines
Figure 12 CFD analysis -
external pressure distribution
Figure 13 Elastic spectra
46 dar.com
11
12
Elastic spectra
Seismic activity and wind loads: Other 1.800

13
key design issues

1.600
1.400
1.200
Due to the social significance of the structure and its 1.000
geographical location, the wind loads and the seismic
0.800
ones were analyzed with very high
0.600
accuracy.
0.400
One of the driving parameters for the design 0.200
of the terminal was the high seismicity of the 0.000

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
area. The building is located in the zone with the
maximum seismic ground acceleration in Algeria.
The magnitude of the earthquake required deep
investigations of the behavior of the structure under The rewards of value engineering
horizontal loads and particular attention to the design
of the shear walls and frames. Overall, Maffeiss strategy focused on optimizing
weight and improving the phases of assemblage of the
To optimize the steel structure, a Computational steel roofing. Ultimately, the recommendations saved
Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis was performed for 30% in steel weight from the roof and faade, and 25%
determining the wind loads on the structure. Creating in concrete structure from the concrete slabs and
a virtual wind tunnel, and taking into account the beams. Maffeis saved 12% of weight of the reinforcing
neighboring buildings, the effects of bars. Meanwhile, in the foundations system, the
the wind over the structure surfaces were analyzed. reduction of volume of concrete reached 15%.
47
Riverline: A
New Riverfront
Community in
Author
Todd Snapp
Chicago
Expertise
Design Principal
Company
Perkins+Will One of the largest and most significant Chicago
development projects in a generation is emerging, and
Location it is being designed by Perkins+Will. Riverline creates a
Chicago, USA neighborhood on land vacant since 1971 along the South
Branch of the Chicago River, integrating and weaving
buildings into the city with new, environmentally friendly
and restorative connections to the river.
The project is designed to revitalize a part of Chicago that

is rich in history, but has been long overlooked. For the
first half of the 20th century, following the straightening
of the Chicago River in the late 1920s to allow for large
boat traffic, the site was a thriving industrial center. The
site was also home to Grand Central Station, a major
passenger station from 1890-1969. When the station was
razed, the area was left without any activity.
Figure 1 Aerial looking

southeast
Figure 2 Aerial looking north
48 dar.com
i12 l Riverline: A New Riverfront Community in Chicago
1
2
Now, large stretches of the city - from Harrison Street on the north
to Roosevelt Road on the south - will be connected, forging a new
neighborhood, with special prominence given to its location on
the banks of the Chicago River. Riverline will bring a mix of rental
apartments and for-sale condominiums, high rises, and town
homes amid lush planted walkways and a revitalized Chicago
Riverwalk.
The buildings will display variety, yet continuity and cohesiveness

in their materials and color. The rental building Ancora, for example,
will have a more industrial look - featuring steel, concrete and glass.
Current, another building, will incorporate a more refined version
of this industrial character. Both will bring natural elements of the
landscapes into the buildings public amenity spaces.
A striking design feature is Currents soaring, v-shaped column - a

signature of the four anchor buildings that will ultimately occupy
the length of the development, and a distinctive result of the
opportunity to cohesively design the Riverwalk and the architecture
in unison.
The people behind Riverline

Riverline is a joint venture of CMK Companies, Ltd., a leading Chicagobased residential
developer, and Lendlease, one of the worlds largest international property and infrastructure
companies. With a master plan and residential community design by Perkins+Will, the 56,700m2
development is set to become a vibrant new community of 3,600 residences with 23,500m2
of greenspace and a restored river front. Perkins+Will is also collaborating with landscape
architects Hoerr Schaudt in the design of the master planning for the project.
49
The site contemplates a new 5
water taxi stop and a kayak launch,

as well as places to fish and view
natural wildlife.
3 4
By replacing the decaying seawall with sloping landscaping and

regenerative, native plantings, Riverline will also recall its original
natural setting. On a typical riverfront development, theres a
seawall that sets people back from the edge of the water, but
Riverline brings people down to where they can touch the river and
engage with it. The site contemplates a new water taxi stop and
a kayak launch, as well as places to fish and view natural wildlife.
Water management through a network of wells, green roofs and
wetlands will capture and clean storm water for use on site and
release back into the river.
Striking and significant, Riverline is a milestone in Chicagos

continuing evolution, beautifully integrated within its river bank
setting and ushering in a cleaner and greener future for the city.
Figure 3 Current looking

northeast from river
Figure 4 Current looking east
from river
Figure 5 Ancora aerial and
amenity deck
Figure 6 Looking northeast at
north site from river
Figure 7 Ancora looking east
from park
50 dar.com
i12 l Riverline: A New Riverfront Community in Chicago
7
Riverline (www.riverlinechicago.com)
will bring a mix of rental apartments and
for-sale condominiums, high rises, and
town homes, amid lush planted walkways
and a revitalized Chicago Riverwalk, to
a site bounded by Harrison Street, the
Chicago River, Roosevelt Road, and Wells
Street. Over the course of the project, 10
buildings of varying height and scale will
be delivered. Phase 1, which broke ground
in September, features two high-rise
buildings that will have views focused
on the river and downtown, in addition
to the green spaces. Ancora, a 29-story,
420-unit rental apartment, will include 24
townhomes and skyhomes on the first five
floors and apartment units on the seventh
floor upwards. Current, an 18-story,
251unit condominium building will include
28 townhomes and skyhomes on the first
five floors and condominium units on the
seventh floor upwards. Also, Watershed
will consist of nine 3-story townhouse
buildings immediately south of Current.
The buildings will display variety, yet

continuity and cohesiveness in their
materials and color. The rental building

Ancora, for example, will have a more
industrial look, featuring steel, concrete
and glass. Current will incorporate a more
refined version of this industrial character.
Both will bring natural elements of the
landscapes into the buildings public
amenity spaces.
51
Beyond the 1
Bottle Top
Dars Role in Lebanons
Iconic Recycling Scheme
Author
John Davey
Expertise
Environment Manager
While Lebanon may not be the greenest
Company nation on the planet, there is at least a growing
Dar Al-Handasah dedication to the cause. A growing number of
commercial establishments are doing their bit,
Location openly and without compunction, to re-green
Beirut, Lebanon what was once one of natures greenest. With
others, Dar is up there spearheading the cause.
Dars corporate and professional efforts are

embodied in the promotion of sustainable
development. And our planning and design
of environmentally responsible buildings
and communities is well documented, not
least through this magazine, itself printed on
uncoated and acid free paper made with 100%
bleached pulp that is elemental chlorine-free.
Less well documented are our efforts to re-

green ourselves. Our initiatives include waste-
paper recycling, default double-sided printing,
multi-use internal mail envelopes, sustainable
notebooks made from discarded paper, and the
recycling of plastic bottles.
Each of these measures enjoys its own success;

to highlight any one does injustice to others. Yet,
close to many hearts is the collection of bottle
tops.
In 2009, Arcenciel, a Lebanese NGO, launched

Bouchons Roulants (or Rolling Caps program)
1
Who are Arcenciel?

Arcenciel is a non-profit,
non-confessional, apolitical
Lebanese NGO that
participates in sustainable
development by supporting
vulnerable communities and
integrating marginalized
individuals.
Figure 1 The Mediterranean

coastline plain north of Beirut
52 dar.com
and chose for its focus the plastic bottle top.
i12 l Beyond the Bottle Top Dars Role in Lebanons Iconic Recycling Scheme
The goal was to make people aware of the type
and volume of waste generated by Lebanese
communities, the potential of plastic as a raw
product, and the added value of sorting at source,
in the home, office, school, and university, rather
than separating tops from mixed waste at a central
sorting plant.
Why bottle tops?

The focus on the tops rather than the bottles was
a pragmatic choice. Found in the waste streams
of every community, from the cities of the coastal
plain to the hamlets and villages of the Lebanese
mountains, plastic bottle tops were an obvious place
to start.
The tops are easy to collect, require limited storage

space and have inherently high value. Weight for
weight, the harder high density polyethylene (HDPE)
and Polypropylene (PP) tops sell for four times as
much as the softer Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
bottles.
Also, bottle top separation facilitates recycling:
-- Separation prevents bottles from bursting when

crushed and reduces the risk to operator safety;
-- It helps bottles dry out and reduces the energy
used in reprocessing;
-- It stops the harder tops from clogging shredding
equipment designed for softer bottles;
-- Composed of different types of plastic,
bottles and tops together become mutually
contaminating during recycling; the top
contaminating the bottle and vice versa;
-- Because the melting point of bottles and tops
can differ by as much as 38C, processing
them separately reduces energy consumption,
improves uniformity of the recycled product and
adds post-consumer value.
Bottle tops are
Nature in distress 1 easy to collect
A photo of a dead
albatross that
They require
recently went viral
on social media 2 less storage place
showed the bird
almost completely
decomposed save
for its beak, a few

large feathers, its skull and bones, and. 3 They have high value
. . the content of its stomach-bright

multi-colored plastic bottle tops wholly
unaffected by decomposition.
4 They facilitate recycling
53
How are bottle tops recycled? Arcenciel also tackles one of the thorniest of all waste
management issues: biohazardous medical waste. Each
Together with sacks of tops collected from offices, day, Arcenciel collects more than 13 t of biohazardous
schools and other collection centers across Lebanon, waste from many of Lebanons hospitals and medical
Dars bottle tops are first taken to Arcenciels processing centers, and shred and autoclave it at high pressures and
center, where any foreign material - metal bottle caps, temperatures to render it sterile, inert and suitable for
spring-loaded dispenser tops, yogurt tops, and other disposal alongside normal household refuse. .
types of waste is removed. The tops are then shredded
into granules and bagged for collection by the ultimate What are the other benefits of plastics
recyclers, the manufacturers of a variety of plastic recycling?
products. The majority of Arcenciels plastic granules
are remolded as electrical socket outlet boxes and cable In addition to promoting waste awareness and making a
conduit. valuable contribution to social welfare, plastic recycling
helps save the planet. There are books written on the
How is the money the recycler pays spent? environmental issues resulting from the profligate
expansion of plastic manufacture, from 1.5 million t in
Being an NGO, Arcenciel uses both the scheme and the 1950 to more than 300 million t today.
money it raises to fulfill its tripartite mission of promoting
sustainable development, supporting vulnerable Here are just six thought-provoking facts:
communities and integrating marginalized individuals.
-- 50% of plastic is used just once;
Recycling now provides employment for more than -- 4% of the worlds oil production is used as feedstock
40 individuals - just under half Arcenciels workforce - for plastics manufacture, and a further 4% is used to
suffering physical or mental disability or social difficulties. fuel the manufacturing process;
-- No one knows how long it takes conventional plastics
To date, more than 300 wheelchairs have been provided to decompose in a landfill - theyve not been around
for individuals and village health centers to benefit the long enough;
least mobile in our communities, together with walking -- One ton of recycled plastic saves 7.4 m3 of landfill
frames, crutches and other aids. space;
-- Recycling 1 kg of PET saves 14,444C of heat energy,
Furthermore, working with political stakeholders, reduces carbon, sulphurous and nitrogenous
Arcenciel has been instrumental in developing a national emissions, and minimizes the use of stabilizers,
strategy to address disability. As a result, the Ministry colorants and other hazardous substances;
of Social Affairs now has an office in each collection -- 44% of seabirds, 22% of crustaceans, all sea turtle
center where the disabled and their families can make species, most fish, and 93% of children older than six
representation for assistance. years of age have absorbed plastic compounds in
their bodies.
Why stop at bottle tops?

But I dont use enough to make a difference.
Given the recent problems with waste in Lebanon it
will come as no surprise that Arcenciel recycling has We all drink one bottle of water a day; most of us more.
expanded well beyond the original bottle tops. There are An office the size of Dar Beirut can therefore deliver
now more than 500 collection points - individuals, families, at least one wheelchair every year. Doesnt sound like
schools, commercial entities, and government agencies - much? Maybe to most of us it doesnt, but to the working
of which 400 collect other recyclables in addition to bottle mother who lost her legs in a car accident or the young
tops: paper, cardboard, plastic bottles, cans, and metal, boy who tripped over a long-forgotten land mine in his
almost anything with the exception of glass. grandfathers olive grove, its the world.
Figure 2 Recycling old for

new is not solely a human
endeavour nature has been
doing so since the beginning
of time
Figure 3 Shredded plastic
ready for recycling
54 dar.com
i12 l Beyond the Bottle Top Dars Role in Lebanons Iconic Recycling Scheme
2
A note of thanks
3
Dar joined Arcenciels scheme
in 2010 and is currently
donating some 400kg each
year. To all who contribute,
especially the growing
numbers who collect from
family and friends, a big
THANK YOU.
The author acknowledges the

valuable assistance of Mario
Goraieb at Arcenciel in the
preparation of this paper.
55
Seeking your stories
Were always on the lookout for
new stories. If you work for one
of the Dar Group companies and
think you have an interesting idea
for this magazine, get in touch at
darmagazine@dar.com. Well help
you get it published.
darmagazine is made possible by articles contributed by people

around the Dar Group. This makes the publication a real group effort.
For more information, please visit www.dargroup.com
56 dar.com
For further information,
please visit us at dar.com
darmagazine@dar.com
Please recycle this magazine.
darmagazine supports methods and

policies to guarantee the sustainable
management of forests. Our pages are
printed on uncoated and acid free paper
that is made with 100 percent bleached
pulp E.C.F. manufactured from trees.
If you prefer to subscribe to the online

version of darmagazine, please send an
email to darmagazine@dar.com.
Cover photo courtesy of

Ras Al Jinz Scientific and Visitors Center

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darmagazine i12 January 2017

Luxury, sustainability and sea turtles

What you will be reading

In the ongoing battle for sustainability, the Integral Group immerses us in

In other news, Maffeis collaborates with international contractors and clients

We hope you enjoy reading our magazine.

Figure 1 Looking out onto the

Guests from sea, air and land

Figure 4 The aerial view shows

i12 l Diar Ras Al Hadd, Luxury and Harmony

A master plan of astute luxury

The beauty of collaboration

Los Angeles is a city working hard to transform itself from a fuel-

At the Convention Center, Integral Groups expertise at

Greenbuild 2016 will perhaps be remembered as the

The WELL Building Movement, a holistic approach to health in the built

The economic arguments for indoor environmental quality were compelling.

Figure 3 Standing ovation for

Bjarke Ingelss closing address challenged us to deliver engineering without engines to

Integrals book Revolutionary Engineering (shown on opposite page) was

DarMagazine l January 2017

Figure 1 Mooring dolphin and

i12 l LNG Delivered

Because LNG can be imported through long-term contracts and spot

DarMagazine l January 2017

Golar Eskimo Navigant Shell - LNG Gas

Aqaba LNG Project

SPT Terminal Operator

Aqaba LNG, in brief

Dars services and responsibilities

The duties involved the construction of a fully-

i12 l LNG Delivered

Challenge 1: Interfaces with different boundary Takeaways

Challenge 3: Tight timeframe

Figure 6 Offshore MEP and

Figure 1 The atrium features

Incredibly fast and extremely connected

The building hosts 73 spaces containing AV technology; 354 types of hardware;

As innovation centers proliferate on many university campuses, the Watt Family

The Watt Center @

Now imagine a power resource that used no fuel, used

Water is often the forgotten element of sustainability

It would appear that if a resource capable of

TOWER TURBINES CANOPY

Solar Tower technology uses solar to generate utility-scale electricity reliably

The desert floor

Interaction in the Design

of Quay Wall Terminals of

East Port Said

East Port Said 1

The East Port Said site lies on the Asian

In a bid to create an international

depth of approximately 68m. These are connected by sheet

Our numerical models carefully considered the effect of

After arriving at the most efficient quay wall system, we

1. Evaluate the primary consolidation of the thick clayey

Ultimately though, two constitutive

-- The hardening soil model: A model

The behavior of this layer is characterized by a Structural modelling

For our load cases involving rapid load application, the

effective stress parameters with the calculation of

A complete static mooring analysis was conducted, using OPTIMOOR

At each bollard location, special reinforcement was provided to ensure