INTRODUCTION

Fertilizer is a material that is added to the soil to supply one or more elements required
for plant growth and productiveness. The major three elements are nitrogen, potassium
and phosphorus), the secondary elements are calcium, sulfur, magnesium, and other
elements are boron, manganese, iron, zinc, copper and molybdenum.

Fertilizers enhance the natural fertility of the soil or replace the chemical elements taken
from the soil by harvesting, grazing, leaching or erosion. Organic fertilizers include
poperly managed barnyard manure, compost and green manure. Manure contains
nitrogen and phosphate content. It is sometimes modified with superphosphate to make it
a better balanced fertilizer. Compost, decayed to a relatively stable, amorphous state, is
made from plant materials mixed with manure and some soil. Green manure is a
herbaceous plant material plowed into the soil that has not undergone decay. Artificial
fertilizers are inorganic fertilizers formulated in appropriate concentrations and
combinations supply three main nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N, P and
K) for various crops and growing conditions. N (nitrogen) promotes leaf growth and
forms proteins and chlorophyll. P (phosphorus) contributes to root, flower and fruit
development. K (potassium) contributes to stem and root growth and the synthesis of
proteins. The common inorganic fertilizers include ammonia (82% nitrogen), NPK
combinations, urea (46% nitrogen), superphosphate, mono and dibasic ammonium
phosphates (containing nitrogen and phosphate), calcium ammonium nitrate, potassium
chloride (muriate of potash).

After studying and gathering documents and the consent of scientific disciplines
petroleum refinery at Hanoi University of Mining and Geology I have chosen the
subject for my graduation thesis is Study technology of ammonia synthesis section
and calculate material balance for ammonia converter in ca mau fertilizer
company .

Structure of the thesis

The thesis includes 4 chapters:

CHAPTER 1: Overview of Ca Mau fertilizer plant

CHAPTER 2: Overview of ammonia plant

CHAPTER 3: Ammonia synthesis section

CHAPTER 4: Calculate material balance for ammonia converter