Name __________________________________________________________ Aven - ______________

Reconstruction
Andrew Johnson president after Lincoln assassination; from Tennessee; impeached in
1868

Radical Republicans Congressmen who took an uncompromising approach to the South

after the Civil War

Scalawag nickname for southerners who supported Republicans and their efforts during
Reconstruction

Carpetbagger northerner who moved to the South to become involved in politics;

distrusted by southerners

13th Amendment outlawed slavery in the United States

14th Amendment granted citizenship to all people born in the United States (not Native
Americans)

15th Amendment voting rights cannot be denied due to race, color, or previous condition
of servitude

Westward Expansion Continues

_________________________ Act May 1862

o Passed during Civil War to dismantle _________________________in the West
o Gave settlers 160 _________________ of western land had to live on it and farm it
o Opportunity for poor, former ________________, & free blacks to own land and
have independence

_____________________ Act July 1862

o Land grants from the government for states to build agricultural
_______________________
o Innovations and inventions from educated farmers could improve farming
(without slavery)
o Opportunity for farmers and working people to achieve ___________________
education

Pacific Railway Act 1862

o Government supports the building of the Transcontinental
________________________
o Finished in 1869 allowed western settlement and opened new markets for
goods
 Reconstruction 1865-1877
Period of time after the Civil War
o Efforts to ____________________ the political, social, and economic structure of the
South
o Incorporate former ___________________ into free society

Challenges
o How will southern states reenter the Union? Can the nation be reunited?
o How can the southern economy recover? What labor system will replace
slavery?
o How will former slaves survive? Will former slaves receive equal citizenship
rights?

Presidential Reconstruction

Lincoln: hoped for a compassionate reunion; envisioned a forgiving nation that could
move forward

_________ Plan pardons offered to any confederate who swore an oath of loyalty to
the U.S.

o states can reenter once 10% of their people were __________________________

Freedmens Bureau (1865-1872)

o Helped former slaves _______________________ into a free society

o Provided food, clothing, medical support, and ______________________

Congressional Opposition: ________________________ Republicans believed the South

must be punished

o Lincolns Plan would allow the planter class to regain power

Johnsons Plan

May 1865: Lincoln is assassinated and Andrew ____________________ (Tennessee)

becomes president

Plan: pardon to all white southerners except Confederate ____________________ and

wealthy planters
 o States could _________________ new representatives and form new governments

o States had to ratify the 13th _____________________________ (outlawing slavery)

o Southern land seized during the war returned to _________________________ owners

o ___________________ southerners in charge of transition out of slavery

Former slaves given no role or political power

Black Codes: laws passed severely restricting legal rights and economic opportunities
of freedmen

o Many ex-confederate leaders returned to ________________ in state and local

governments

o Designed to limit the effects of the _________ amendment

o ___________ taxes; no serving on juries; no owning a weapon; vagrancy; no public

assembly

Radical Republicans ______________ to seat former confederates in Congress and take

over reconstruction

Congressional Reconstruction

Passed the 13, 14, and 15 _____________________________

Radicals fought to prevent white _____________________ from controlling the South

Civil Rights Act of ______________

o Granted ___________________________ to all people born in the United States

o Granted all citizens certain ___________________ under the law

o First time Congress protected __________________ minorities

o _______________ by Johnson, _________________________ by Congress led to 14th

Amendment

14th Amendment (1868)

 o Granted citizenship to all people born in the United States

o All citizens get equal protection and _________ ______________________ regardless

of race

o Passed to combat southern Black _________________

o _________________________ the Dred Scott Decision from 1857

o Most southern states ______________________ to ____________________ it

Military Reconstruction

o Divided South into 5 ______________________ districts under military _____________

o Required state governments to ratify 14th amendment

o Barred ex-confederates from ___________________

o Required states to allow _____________________ slaves (adult males) to vote

Impeachment of Andrew Johnson

o After vetoing ________ bills Johnson was impeached for firing a cabinet member

o One vote short of being ________________________ from office

o Mostly powerless for the rest of his term

President Ulysses S. Grant

o Elected in 1868 as a __________________________ elected largely by southern

black voters

o Worked with Radical Republicans to continue Reconstruction

15th Amendment (1870)

o No citizen denied the right to vote on account of race, color, or previous

condition of servitude

o Passed to protect voting rights of African American men ______________ still not
granted suffrage
 African Americans elected in the South

o ________ black candidates were elected to the U.S. _________________ of Reps. In

1870

o Hiram Rhodes _________________ first African American senator; from Mississippi

o No other African American elected to U.S. Senate until ____________

Life in the South

South was ruined physically and ___________________________________ after the war

______________ failed; businesses were bankrupt; railroads, farms, home were
destroyed; crop failures
Infrastructure Spending
o Government money spent on _____________________________ cities, railroads, and
buildings
o Southern whites hated the _______________ required for rebuilding
o Already furious about political and __________________ changes
o Blamed Radical Republicans for their troubles

Sharecropping
o Replaced slave labor; land owner __________________ land equipment to former
slaves
o Led to a cycle of _____________ that kept them in ______________________

Ku Klux Klan
o Secret society established by white supremacists to ________________________
freedmen
o Targeted African Americans and anyone supporting/helping them

End of Reconstruction

Radical Republicans lose power

o Scandal and ________________________ cause Grant and Republicans to lose power

o Panic of 1873 ________________ market crash caused unemployment

o Groups like the KKK ____________________ republican voting in the South

Election of ______________

o Voting was disputed between Republican (Rutherford Hayes) and Democrat

(Samuel Tilden)
 Compromise of 1877

o Unwritten, informal agreement that basically ________________ reconstruction

o Hayes is president in exchange for ______________________ all federal troops from

the South

Redemption southern __________________________ back in power

o Cut funding for public education; restricted voting rights; passed

_________________________ laws

Equality and Race Relations

__________ Crow laws passed all over the country, even in North, limiting rights of
African Americans

Lynching unlawful execution by __________________, usually by a mob, of someone

accused of a crime

o Thousands of African Americans are lynched after Reconstruction & into

__________ century

Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s

o Nearly 100 years passed before racial ___________________________ were

addressed again

Womens Rights

o The 15th amendment did not apply to women

o _________ amendment (1920) finally gave women constitutional

_____________________

Native Americans

o ________________ Act (1877) allowed the president to break up reservations into

small sections

Goal was to force natives to become farmers and abandon

_________________ society
 Lost most of their land and remaining freedom

o Attempt to __________________________ them into American society