FRANCISCO ESPINAL

ASSIGMENT # 2
LITERATURE AND POETRY AS EXPRESSION OF CULTURAL DIMENSIONS IN THE
BRAZILIAN SOCIETY
This work seeks to get a cultural perspective of Brazil, in particularly it is
wanted to treat literature and especially the poetry and its social force to
express the feelings of oppression and negativism how is living in Brazilian
society and events that marked it to be what it is today. Likewise, an analysis of
how relates that cultural expression with the different cultural dimensions that
must be in societies like this has affected and applies to international business
will be developed. And It is important to highlight how the evolution of Brazilian
society developed until today and then try to explain by means of cultural
expression and the dimensions of culture as it is the business affects all these
aspects.
Brazil as a sovereign and independent nation emerged in the 19th century after
the independence from Portugal, the abolition of slavery and the overthrow of
the monarchic system by the body military of the nascent nation. With military
command in the power and as key players the exporter coffee oligarchy,
remained control of the country until populism took the masses and came as
relief to the oppression and social suffering Gentulio Vargas Government.
Populism along with military power headed the country until 1985 when
surrendered to society and to the civil rules command. Thus, Brazil managed to
consolidate itself as nation prospers and growing economy until 2014 when
there began to be some problems that have affected its image in the world, not
only at the national level in the economy if they do not see the country as a
dangerous place to establish business.
The literature of Brazil, considering that its development was based on the
Portuguese language, is part of the lusophone culture. Emerged from the
different literary activities that were realized at the time of colonialism of Brazil
by the Portuguese Crown in the 16th century. In the beginning this was closely
related to the Metropolitan literature of Portugal itself, gradually was gaining
independence with romantic movements and realist at the end of the 19th
century, until the week of modern art in 1922, which drifted in the final break
with the Literatures of other countries, forming the first generation of truly
independent writers from modernism and its schools. Arise now big names
such as Carlos Drummond de Andrade, Clarice Lispector, Cecilia Meireles,
Manuel Bandeira and Ferreira Gullar.
Within the phenomenon of Brazilian literature is poetry and with it emerged
great poets of renown who manifested through social issues constant
dissatisfaction with which he lived in Brazil toward the 20th century. In if the
poetry in Brazil begins, with the arrival of the priests of the society of Jesus in
the 16th century through the centuries, the Brazilian poetry suffered several
schools until the end of the 20th century, with the called post-modernism.
Within these schools born social poetry, this multifaceted political and social
issues are living daily in the society, was founded as a response to the constant
oppression, suffering society, changes to a global economy and industrialized,
subjected to many a hard work, low wages, inhuman and pressures social and
political.
This movement may be recognized by large exhibitors mentioned above such
as Carlos Drummond de Andrade and Ferreira Gullar. Both internationally
known for publicizing the social scene of Brazil and the perspective of these
problems who also lived the world thanks to the wars and social and ideological
clashes.

August 1964

Between flower shops and shoes, bars,

markets, boutiques,
I travel on a Estrada de Ferro - Leblon bus.
I travel from work, the night between,
fatigued with lies.

The bus rattles. Goodbye, Rimbaud,

lilac clocks, concretism,
neoconcretism, fictions of youth, goodbye, I buy
life
from the view of the world's owners.
By the weight of taxes, the verse suffocates,
poetry now responds to a police-military inquiry.

I say goodbye to illusion

But not to the world. But not to life,
my stronghold and my kingdom.
From the unjust salary,
unjust
punishment, humiliation, torture,
terror, we take
something out and with it we construct
an artifact, a poem,
a flag. (Duarte, 2017)1

These verses denounce the indignation already enacted: the denunciation of

social reality, manifested by social inequalities. As well as being a clear
example of protest or social criticism as it is also commonly called this style of
poetry, you can highlight as the different dimensions of culture that are
exposed on the website GEERT HOFSTEDE close to Brazil.

1 Duarte, V. (10 de 04 de 2017). Brasil Ecola . Obtenido de

http://brasilescola.uol.com.br/literatura/poesia-social.htm
In the power distance dimension (Geert Hofstede, 2017) 2, we deal with the fact
that all individuals in societies are not equal, it expresses the attitude of the
culture towards these inequalities amongst us. Power Distance is defined in
Geert Hofstede as the extent to which the less powerful members of
institutions and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is
distributed unequally and in Brazil the score is 69. To relate this dimension with
the social poetry of Brazil, we can infer that, due to this calm and lack of
opposition from the great majority of the Brazilian population to what
established social, economic and politically in the country. Where you had to
respect that by tradition had the power, this certain movements among them
emerged the literary and poetry as a unique resource of protest, thus, was not
going to be taken as something purely political if not maybe as the pure
expression of the humblest Brazilian society. This is reflected in the business
very often since it is very common that the hierarchical order and respect for
the top stays always latent, is of great importance that is considered there is
usually always one person that is responsible for everything and that direct
strategically everything what is carried out.

The Individualism (Geert Hofstede, 2017)3 is the degree of interdependence a

society maintains among its members in Brazil the individualism is not too
present with a score of 38 the people in brazil has a great sense for the socials
group to achieve goals and objectives, in the poetry it is evidence when one
person tries to share the feelings of all the disliked society. In business, it is
important to take this concept as a pillar for the daily relationships, it is
important to show us how friendly and sincere, people that supported others
and others all business objectives are achieved. Also in this area pay great
attention to how to express ourselves and not to be arrogant.

The masculinity dimension (Geert Hofstede, 2017)4 shows a score of 49 it

indicates that the Brazilian society are not guide by the competitive or by the
constant improvement of quality life. So, the Brazilian society arent
masculinity or feminine and its not able to be analyze.

The uncertainty avoidance dimension (Geert Hofstede, 2017) 5 talks about how
the society acts face to the uncertainty future, what they do and how much it is
important to the society to know how the things are continued in the right

2 Geert Hofstede. (15 de Abril de 2017). GEERT HOFSTEDE. Obtenido de

https://www.geert-hofstede.com/brazil.html

3 Geert Hofstede. (15 de Abril de 2017). GEERT HOFSTEDE. Obtenido de

https://www.geert-hofstede.com/brazil.html

4 Geert Hofstede. (15 de Abril de 2017). GEERT HOFSTEDE. Obtenido de

https://www.geert-hofstede.com/brazil.html

5 Geert Hofstede. (15 de Abril de 2017). GEERT HOFSTEDE. Obtenido de

https://www.geert-hofstede.com/brazil.html
form, seek always structure theirs live with the help of bureaucracy and the
legal systems, in the poem made by Gullar we could infer that the artist
exposed a voice of protest for the system that control us and make us
dependent of its imposition to keep the control and the supposed structured
live. In business is important to take care to respect all the rules that guide the
society by the way of the healthy coexistence. For example, the time to relax
and to cheating with co-workers during work are most of the common practice
to have a well laboral environment.

Long Term Orientation (Geert Hofstede, 2017) 6 dimension in Brazil tries to

describes how every society must maintain some connection with its own
historical past while dealing with the challenges of the present and future, the
score for Brazil are 44 and dont allow a real analysis, but in the poem and in
the contemporaneous expressions of art in Brazil, the artist tried to get away
from all the foreign movements and ideas. Doing evident the desire for make
their own styles and creations.

Indulgence (Geert Hofstede, 2017)7 is related with the extent to which people
try to control their desires and impulses, in Brazil the score show a high
indulgences society with 59 it indicates that people follow their desires and
impulses to enjoy life. The poet in his poem exemplified how the society are
repressed to the point where he, or can follow their desires and impulses
because of the way in them were controlling and limiting to make society
prosper per the system which was imposed in the country.

When a society are not satisfied with the situation in the country where he
lives, different ways to express that disagreement will arise, and if they are not
solved properly, affects what is now Brazil, a country rich in resources, but with
a doubtful because of the recent political, legal and economic system scandals
of corruption that lately have been discovered where great figures of politics
that looked like national and popular heroes have withered his image. Always in
business even if there are individual interests that also urge individual needs,
leave aside for the benefit of the majority and not obeying the word of a few
unscrupulous who do not think more than in enrichment and not in the
progressive and sustained development of society.

Bibliography

Duarte, V. (10 de 04 de 2017). Brasil Ecola . Obtenido de

http://brasilescola.uol.com.br/literatura/poesia-social.htm
Geert Hofstede. (15 de Abril de 2017). GEERT HOFSTEDE. Obtenido de
https://www.geert-hofstede.com/brazil.html

6 Geert Hofstede. (15 de Abril de 2017). GEERT HOFSTEDE. Obtenido de

https://www.geert-hofstede.com/brazil.html

7 Geert Hofstede. (15 de Abril de 2017). GEERT HOFSTEDE. Obtenido de

https://www.geert-hofstede.com/brazil.html
Wikipedia . (15 de Abril de 2017). Obtenido de
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_literature