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It is, therefore, useful to have a set of rules for finding the equivalent capacitance of
some general capacitors arrangements.
Capacitors in Series
Capacitors are said to be connected in series, when they are effectively daisy chained
together in a single line.
Consider two capacitors connected in series: i.e.in a line such that the positive plate of
one is attached to the negative plate of the other as shown in the fig. above.
In fact, let us suppose that the positive plate of capacitor 1 is connected to the input
wire, the negative plate of capacitor 1 is connected to the positive plate of capacitor 2,
and the negative plate of capacitor 2 is connected to the output wire.
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Now the question arises, what is the equivalent capacitance between the input and
output wires?
In this connection, it is important to realize that the charge Q stored in the two
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Let us consider the internal plates i.e., the negative plate of capacitor 1, and the
positive plate of capacitor 2. switchchina.com
These plates are physically disconnected from the rest of the circuit, so the total charge
on them must remain constant.
Assuming, that these plates carry zero charge when zero potential difference is
applied across the two capacitors, it follows that in the presence of a non-zero
potential difference the charge Q on the positive plate of capacitor 2 must be balanced
by an equal and opposite charge -Q on the negative plate of capacitor 1.
Since the negative plate of capacitor 1 carries a charge -Q , the positive plate of
capacitor 2 carries a charge + Q to balance it.
However, the sum of these drops equals the total potential drop applied across the
input and output wires:
i.e.
Hence,
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Example
Find the overall capacitance and the individual rms voltage drops across the two
capacitors each with 47 nF ,in series when connected to a 12V a.c. supply.
Solution :
Total Capacitance,
Capacitors in Parallel
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Capacitors in Parallel
Capacitors are said to be connected in parallel when both of their terminals are
respectively connected to each terminal of the other capacitor or capacitors.
Consider two capacitors connected in parallel: i.e., with the positively charged plates
connected to a common input wire, and the negatively charged plates attached to a
common output wire as shown in the above fig.
What is the equivalent capacitance between the input and output wires?
In this case, the potential difference across the two capacitors is the same, and is
equal to the potential differnce between the input and output wires.
However, the total stored charge Q is divided between the two capacitors, since it must
distribute itselfsuch that the voltage across them is same.
Since, the capacitors may have different capacitances, and ,the charges
It follows that :
17
Hence,
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The equivalent capacitance of two capacitors connected in parallel is the sum of the
individual capacitances.
For capacitors connected in parallel, the equation for equivalent capacitance can
begeneralizes to :
Example :
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Calculate the combined capacitance of the following capacitors each with a
capacitance of 47 nF, when they are connected together in a parallel combination .
Solution :
Total Capacitance,
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