W199 200 dee DR.CHICOS $tefan-Claudiu DR. CHEBAC Gica ~ Rumina CURS DE ANATOMIE PENTRU STUDENTII FACULTATI DE FARMACIE 2m " % vauorea | itoe Sera noe | | Witerisesaran | GALATI UNIVERSITY PRESS 2008‘Copyright © 2008 Galati University Press “Toate depurileezervte, Nico pares aes publica ma poate repro mil fora is cord ers al ei Cotesia Snge Medicale Galati University Press Cod CNCSI 21, ‘Eitura Universti “Danaea dos” ‘Ste Dominsec 7, IONS ~ Gala ROMANIA {Tel OD D641 36 02 Fane 0060235461353 uptupaleo Referenti ile Prof Dr Mireea CIUREA [Pro Dr Mirces ZAMFIR DrofDr Eugen TARCOVEANU ‘Desires CHF a Biblitei Naionaie Romney — (CHICOS, STEFAN CLAUDIU ‘Crs de anatomic pent ludenti Facade Farmacie / Stefan ‘ibtog. BN S.973- S715 {.Chat, Gia Ruin ens ‘Tipit tial de mpc al nies Dune eos ‘Clu Chicoy, Gee Rumina Cheba ~ Gala: Gala Unversity Pres, 2008 ‘TERMINOLOGIE ANATOMICA. PLANURI ‘ANATOMICE 1. TERMINOLOGIE ANATOMICA ANATOMIA (la anatomia gr anatome = disci) este gina care stutizsstrucar flneloronimale su vegetal) st raporteror inte Aiferteeorgane constitutive OSTEOLOGIA este vamura anatomiel care so ocupi cu studlul ‘aselor impreund ca MIOLOGIA studil_ muschlor $1 al anewlor {ceston) 3 ARTROLOGIA (sud artculaile),estetogia 3 exp cu Stahl apart loomot [APARATUL LOCOMOTOR cupsinde in constitu sa sistemee ore prcph a susieres corpus an gs asgura postiitaten de miscare ‘locomiesenut aprl de sspe gi mice, ‘Apuatl locomotor est format i is etc or = ste extort; ‘muse cement active ale ns» tel muscle ‘Aparstal locomotor are funeie de locomtie, pune Ih legbturd crgantmal cu medi iconjrtor 3 lnpreuna eu ssi ners, ere cordoneazt elitist, paripl fa relzatea funcilor de velajie le ‘orp uman 2. PLANURI ANATOMICE Compal uma, consist pe principal sinetri lata ste wn cop rine ‘Ts denies poze strcturlor compl omenesc se consider ie anatomic este urmsoars: ert pce cu pcade arlie, pal ck pring Un fc ral dev langu!corpla pale pre ‘mnt Stacie anatomice sunt desc notdeauna ny aie aces oui standard, char gate nd erp este caleat pe pat stu pe masa ealecte Plea sail maton eto lie imaginar, verti, longitudinal care twee prin milocl enrol din fan spate mparte I dou faa: sgh dep. mei indict apropiere de plana medias “eran eparare e plan median Exempe ‘in pov anatomic, dagetul mic de a min este median, iar deer ‘mare este lateral la pic, degetal mare este medial gel mic ete era‘ta antbra unde sunt dous ease ads In parte ata ulna tn para metals, pot fi fleste In Toe de Intel radia itn loe de edi ulnar ‘sila In gab unde sunt ot dou oaseperole sau Abul eronc sl) pent ater tal (dela be) pentru mada. iat front! (crna merge paral cu rate, ete perpen pe ‘ol egital parte cop inteo parte antroard (etal) © pate osterioera (dorsal). ee ter indi aproperea def corp 4 ptr indice spropierea de pase copes ‘Min pico terment spel de dete: ‘supra anteiors (ventas) @ mind se numeste palm sou palmar nr na porter eras) ae rmeste doesu (dos) Tapco faa superiors ne numer ders ace neta, plant suf plants. Pla tence (rane) parte corp into pate supercar its inferioantsocionsle corpus prin east plan tae Iv fl Suprapuse, paralee inte ele (uperoae sau ernale 9 inferiare = ‘Sicale) Acta plan se maimmepe plana mtamei corp. Exe ‘Neal ne superar ui ini run ah apse cat 89 spponta stoi Alp termen "Spr proape de pile “pf = depute de Ps Prima = sprospe de origines unc srt “Tiel = depare de origins une strata Seal coroal = cscs anumite planar de eine, mal feceent folate aap rere Soma = pares somatch corpului care cuprnde ‘otaltaten {ormajanion in attavscrelor ‘ecrle= orpanle interne ale compl Esemp [Ex menial superie,anebrajl ete distal de brat sl proxial de Compl mene ete oat dn: ser yeh att soc ‘atone ater nfronrt so namope ples armen flit cbignait pent desrierenoaselor regi) rte inferior pelvis (dei tachi) se mame eines ‘membre “rays anatomic, part dintre una got (de recvent ost penta desemsaresitegull embry superin) Picton (partes sts distal de glen, de trenal ete ecvent ‘slot pein x deena eeyul meme infer). ‘Axa cents tranche clouna vertebral cvel extrema superiors cervical sone cap. Th iterate de pecans ren anatomic donee Nemenclatira snatomseh intemuponalt floste tina lating pent fxprmaren actor tren Cautare civintelo ete st exprime ct mah ‘ie ofl naorice tcc pln mal multe sta "1695 publica In Basel nomencatura BNA. (Bae! Nomina “Anata wn 1996 apace a Ja nomenclaura LNA. (oer Nomine Anatomic, ‘maleompleat on 1985 ape Ua Pais nomencatre PNA. (Pariienie Nerina Anatomie, cae sorespund cl ta mal ceisler are contre terme Intinet spl. repezentati, cur, rt mame popicatermens spat su tas doar anterior ~ posters, medial = Intra, inlouind termeni ‘canal ~ cada, ventral ~ dora e meni rail ar, pala, bal ‘Bula, eprint distal flor doar ports denamires flange LOSTEOLOGIA, Osteo ese put anatomi cae se aca de stu ear. Ons sunt organe dur, rezstent, de cuoare albigabute al chro asambh enti celta Fungi oaselor deteind forma, dimers propor corp le dfestelor segment ale acstulstate interior por moi rl de spin {pot forma eva pents apsties une gene: _ rns tei irr ste de ven rope uncle, afl can srt ogane le Rigch ‘mata ge inp ner ang in one ae sc be organ hematopsets Uormearaeemeneefigurate le singe "pen echpncys ymin cows on eat ene fonfcale ere ptf mabilizae a neo de emp sarc. § Exempla ae Can ranan canal vrsbral eave aapoteencefl yi ma sind cuia toracsbazinul oss, ‘Totatata oaselor aku ot (pe bara cai ume animal se Impartein2 grup: erate eer ‘Onset sunt formate dns bean ena mauve esses eros, “prezn ase, carehrinesc esl erica nigra 1. SUBSTANTA OSOASK Structuafuncional aos: adapta fnieldes eit la presiane tracfone; < anhitectura osu relzats dup prinpiul “cw materi pin, ‘maximum deandament (maximum de e2sten"; alt din fest oss, cl mal Yeistnt dur fut din grup sesutuor conjunctive est conjunctv calc) jsut oso at di ) substan damental yeaa aoa 4) substanfafandamentalt impregnats sir minerle care 5 sigurk urate sl vezstena) este dena g substan osoasd. cesta sre Zeomponente ‘org (0), cil ormat din lcoprotina hare depun frre mineral; ogen bel connie ae ft ons). ‘poner (6) rath di tesa elie “carbonate els: ‘carbonate mages aonat de sod, Dyeceleleosoese: ‘tata ne) ‘tei tad aul), ‘toxic ro in facia de dstrugece gi initare a forte fers one, (Orteoial are rol in regres metabolism incr deri di cla rmevenchimalt ete aiontt in avy) ume cpl, spate in ‘beans Randamentals Tn func de strat arhitectr, sense dous varie de ost ‘tet comp: omogen, dur format din lame crouse, altura, fk a delimit ‘vip intermediate; formessa = iafen oslo ing strat dos supra pelo 9 oacor sure Tata intern cea exter one te st os spon: “ormat in lame osoase nani dsc aut din una sau mal ‘multe male are deliniteaz it cavt umitowneae, responsable ‘denspectl sponges leu (cnn Bute, cave congin nad osoast comune le. Sucture fncpnald'« sul se reaieszt sub indluena fctoior uncial can cfomec saps oa: " prs exerstiath de prettes corpus rare etl hte sua, sig slo nero “rela tei inuenjeaz struts osu pin Intermed extailor pe cae fe primes dn os, prin lll de vasodlaapie ivasocostii: ~favorizeaa esorjia sa depaneres de srur, “releaza tons! muscle etn endocin (ntervin in proceele de organza a osu ~hormoal hipotizar “hormones “ron seal “etaioa D.2. MADUVA O0ASA Miva oa x geet in nterorl cna medlar pin ares fesutul spongis. Coloarea,stracture i funcile mdvel corspund, Txt te varie de miu coat muon ste one tinre le itu al ada ons late scurt: vere stems oats Toon oncle za crn tpifizel onselor ung ‘olin formar slobulclor singel (mvs hematopoistict) tuo glen toate osele adults cu excepts clr amine, “Dogan clue adipese (dua rst rolde depozit de gras “ormat din oat conjunc Trade ump, 3. PERIOSTUL Pariostl este 0 membrant conjunctiva care ine supra osu, cu excepiasuprafeelor arclare sare rol in creterea in grosime 2 foxclor.Oaseo Ise dese: hngimes, ipa, grsimea, eee, marine unpre func de rapture dimenslune lor, eases asi is a} ose hung: ‘angimes depigest rosiness ‘formated cop (i) = Dexremil (pie se gases la nvell memeber ‘rol de prghi de vteza in dieitele mig le compu joe plane: ‘hangin slime sun speeepe egal ne eg dep grosimea: sunt furite gf preint 2 fej gun ume vacabll de margin i ghia AU 2 funei:- serve nefits cavitiilor de protec (cai) “danse uni mere numa de magi spul) jesse cate ‘esi dimers sunt aproape sles ‘se ges in pune unde ete necesarto mare soldat i unde vst mage foarte val, na cu amplitude mic (cleara vertebral, ‘mp. "=" case pneumatic: nregulate cae conin th iteriorllorcaviti pline user (nal) ‘rouse sesamoide: lenfoeme, mic, dezvoltate in veciniaten unoe arculai sou tendonele wnormugeh “* oase suturale: wormiene, mic Plane gl inconstane,dezvotate din ncte de oct peciale Supra onslor este nereguat dat acini prelungite 2 mujeior~ se crear Ia supra osu roenenfe unite pie dere resin preungte a muschlor ~ se ceaza la supra osu Scnctr numiteete gr Se gieesesupafeje artiunre conse, ete, fee articular (oper sect arcla, va tenbne ete poe omar fee panne onfare primar in cae predomi, pocade cmtacine, dnd aster sa pra br reterena fan secandar, in care predomin proce de dager emai strucwal, sangre in lfc, organ de susiere a compu once in angie rosie Infancie de piste schelec ale erbanah erst: 2) seageners pesmodel cartlogines= osfinrencondrald se deol major oselor compu Se fae creterea in langue sulla ool carta de eestore daszoeptiee yesteogeera pe model eatlapinos = osfcare desmald “Tipu de formare acsearle, nul ose de membeans se osich cele ete canine, unele ase ale fej st patea moc claves Soe face restrain rosie a sul: “Se formeaat lus eas de ctr, Scheel este format dia 208 cases 34 in colon vertebral 9174 rapt injural oracle os, case capul, see menrle)Colona verbs (china vers) = rahi, situa median ester oat pn eprapanren #3534 ples rss nue eee “ere cave 7(Cs-C) = low evil “Resort Cnet) 12s ea oral i “Yereie lamba 8 (Ly cave crapend regi onda = je poner al some = aloe om talc ‘ence sunt eb dependent = re oda, ‘Nescresocrae Sune (um) af ese cone 4 rote or, ‘suc tcl creping ps = ere fe Sterul = os mean, nepereche stat In pate nterica a traces Comte “arc soared olan ster; “Poperec mumertate desu in os, eX. XI “up apo sera eenparin 2 rape: "cst adriana stern 7 peck nate ae juga ster ltede 5 pre, perechle VI, x 91 Xu jug a stor, da sv atculeaza cu ter prin extemitate lor anfesor cy unl din carl cote situate Seasupee: erehile XI XIE (costele tare) aw extrema anteroar ears Oaveecapului— rant 25, din care mobil: muna tit. 8) easels cana (eurocanl care adpostese cer formessS calvaia int za rand Sunt in uma de 1S Frontal, etme “senoidul costal, “puis, + Bemporle: * aomete interiors 2lacinale, nazale, omer by oe fe (vacerorai), care adipostscorgancl de sim sunt cegmentel nije al parti respirator ale paratuli digest. Sunt ‘nmumr de sunt grupate ate navies mana: ‘maslaralsupedor “2 aac, 2 palatine: 2 genie lod (tat ag. ‘Membral super ‘Membr rapeiese desc segment: "ume cetura smembrl superior, fomeae8sceltl uml s sigur logit dite cascle memtbratl supesioe $i tras cso; este format in omopst (sap tclavicala. >) bia humeral Jantcorap 200% “la eb “radia Ay mink 2 oar dopa ine grape: 5 carpl: Bose: rnd sno, ema piamida pisiform {ranal Itape, ape onal cps (esl maze} sul cu iy metcarpul 5 ese ‘onsle degeteloe 1 flange Memibra inferior “Merl inferior oe decria 4 segment, dispse n2 grape: xtra mtr 2 ae sale a une al In Inte le poi ‘Susncrulcccl formers pres oss al posal ‘yma ber a3 segment ups -2 ‘emra, patel (rotala gamba -2oase ‘ “tua (peoneu). pir bean cispase i el grup Teal see “rind posterior -2 eae suprapae: ‘oes om caleaneu- snd anterior 5088: ‘naviclaral ‘exboida Seunelonne metatarsal 5036, “onl deter 14 alangeULARTROLOGIA Arita ts yndemalogl yao = game oes = 8 exe samara ee sch me ae tr mjc gc) pint salou "cle repens mio ne psi sci ae vin com faa scr Tt dope fal pare © nets : aripr lariat mgr af Feces pene chan "infeed migare pe cae o permit ‘rai fe obit edu) ~sinarroze; ali mole = dares ‘in fne de mgcarea peeve 0 pero de formas de legur "de mod de dervltre ‘oval roe = sinatone (se) ral xtc = amare (serimobile; ral sine» iatzoze (bie) Sinsrozee: oul su legate prin est ros dens (erbrane sa ligament) permit mje sou acstensurtfoarte ree Sarre sunt 1) sindeamosa eprerentats de suprafeearculare wie prin ligament inten vr x for “pur =ligmentl thi; and = igumentlcarcsronia “eb =igomenta dre terrae autre cee aticulate despite de un est fibros sire continua In a8 cu poiostl nr cu strata bros al dure mate) Thuplforma suprfeelor articular, suture sunt de mal male fet: ge fertti care se neptrand = suture dna cum sturerontspereal gall cle spe sari ce supape = ia scuamenst sa a (hemplr ua pacotnpoi oar eye, repute = su pl! (oxempis sue intra nsinoeenotl ing cave itp, a vA, dar marie Wed ica ce al edd = et ete (emp ‘nm eros). 0 gomfosa uu din cee atu cot far ala trun noha inci eempl eral dine die dingo aves 1D tip sca» legis dste cove pinto membransineraoass {tina ne ee 2 case situate mala dtana (exempts aticlfile dite radian sie Sls). Anfirrnele: nue nunt legate prin at ln sa cars D sincondrocle ~ oxsle atculte prin carts in (exemple: arcade sleno-ceptall, dine picsle csoase cae compun eral, ‘drone; 1b) smile ~ ote sunt Iga prin fost basins sa frm unl die (exempts articulate we corpurtievertbrale, dine oaele pubienecartljle de creer) Sinostosele repeesin ofcaten sindesmozelor si a sincondrozelor (eoamplseticre satura cartaplor decree). Diarra: tla mobile ara cavitat arcs ‘tate dp grad de mob 1) arto ce prevints col mai mare grad de mobiltate(exrmplu articulate dea membre) amperes care rat semimabie Elementi componente le ure dartrze: ‘supra artiotre: ipmfee nt, itis pe extremiieaticulre ale oseoe ‘deforma ntindere lor pind gradual de berate a mice otf 2) pln, cu mig reds, ‘sida pond ease convene corspunaitoae uno orn concave), emit mal al inne elites Danes ®) rare (ou forms de seit), + cartilaal artic “st catagine hia are acopers fel arcs: *Greumlerina sa se continad ch pero oaelor i corespande leeall de inser a membrane snewale, “reitnt last pin satura “le enpon amortize presunes dati de gretata corp Teonomisye fora muscular favoring alunecrea earn ‘mig din area+ rg xt cer doce a ed ls acti gy lope a ar he ps Tet pcnp sore de ™ “ia antral! ela) ceil tt pf cera ate Ge ite «mp cae eal Sr ita apae franca forbear ‘ ray tan Ya mpl eee ng phtde genset cocalay ao ¢ Se etanlantie an ma ott xp pe oe brag see nd ape enpe™ Sony to rt de Pr capt apa ep diets 8 Scr eee ore cae ee Ca eae myst cota set pecan ce aes “pattie demersal ae ‘Sarat mca de proce page pa Ses saat reer amae pets an ue «)dsimiteae ainerirocavitate ails Ligometle onc ibrose cre enseear pe ale ces articles nie Contribie la meine contact tre upraee article, “tlomente cu ol pas de fare imiare a msc “Shntinracpelare 9h extras “dup srt igamentele sunt oligomer caedee feel al apes (empl: Higomentd ube lari lu, alignments tenereutate prin tansformaresunortendoene (exerph: gona patel al gemunci); ©) ligamente muscu, proveite din atofees nor bre usc exempi gomentl eromoeraciin: 4 gneve eerpl igen tebe), 1 dap porta pe cae oat, igameatle po fe 1 gamete incon, ageate Inte ease (eempls: Iigmonte morc ale genni, gmt rtd a fra, genet J dst eve log ele eh aint in contact cu ‘ape artclar, element de alanecre Montana sinc oi subir, etd fins ce acopert sul intacapsular, “sere ich vec cilia Brecon arta we opeete la periferin cavslor article, la mia inte ‘orl articular os, ‘rope foram nracaprlare: edoane ligament scr inteamiclce (excep dieu article! temnporomendibulare, menicurle article ganunchilu, 0 porune de pe partes Seis a capulel artical gol, tote acsta ni sunt soporte de membrana ema prelangi. finde de tub endoanele uno musch uurinde lunecres; omunich ch caviates articular print eri forte tne exemple esa i era todo agi ports ipa Baht arse supped ub mua colrs). ‘vp el sini tnt fund dese ale membrane! sinoviole seat nt libel gate comune nitatn areal 1 ple siete uc: Tran cae pte Hier aval arteuar; vase ine ose siete “prong forme c rol deumplere i intra evi ticle ikl inci egret deep membrane novi “vorienrd sanecare le nivel ealjloe article: “rolneal economic defor muscular in pul macro cect real “pail epr, eta ocupat de ichidl sinovial “St ne catljl atlas membrana snows. nia itrina eicur| “nade contact dine supra atcalare Menjners spraeelr eter: * pesunesstoserc, “Tugel, datonts proprietor oe tonite, laste; fia contacion artical ire Spot fect tel flr de ice! clement * alunecare- depres supafioraralare, iso de fri ‘ck dpiztarea lor exemple atc ply abemenca nel SE ipods * nvdtire rostogolize) -deplasirea cular suprafor Sidr, stl ca frcve fark ange lle porgon ale axstorgvin fn fac (exemple are temporomandiblr,«gomnca, oul), ‘erence unt rof restogolite pe paint ag ‘rola - mize slr, caracterizas prin deplasarea ei bil mprejrul xasTongtna. xa mir eta pste fit efor cs oa ste rsa de Aeplasare example pinta, roti) send mia de ie bec iar prin pte de contact ale super Ilse rola ete pur feb Geplente (emphasise cape ane pe capil Murerasul milo combine, ‘Tiputile de mig atclare (ups posi segmental) flexia > sigearen prin cae cle 2 segments articulate se apropie sul dealt exfensia > migasea prin care cele 2 segmente arculte se Aepsreass unl de all opus Nese ‘al li yal eto ete resco ' adducia-+migeren prin care membrele sau segmentele se apropie plana mediocagita ‘sbducia—migcares prin care membrele sau segmentele se eparears de panel medio-sngitlopash ada bea ald al abduct (rie de lala) ete sgl (entero pater ‘ieumducia + micares comple rezulatt din excutarea| saccesva elt migch, ln care ne dag aia: rola laterals» migere de rote ars 2 unui segeent 2 unl smembra sau a tunchll volta medals ~ migeres de rola ingunta aun segment, 3 sin membre sna a truncal ‘aed ra tees mate evr "= pronafia migcaes de rota pin care plies ose medial { fupnajin~migearea de rotate prin ate police ert eral: steal pont al apna st gil. Clasitcare reli sinoviae: ‘ipa onl cee ills we oti 2) atclai simple (cae) 1) aicalatit compuse oak multe nse; exemple eis Carus orl, ip fora super: 2 artcalai plane “aural atic sunt plane; “ permut noma mig de alunecae: Exemplar slr ap tarsal 1) atculai) twohlene (ginglimel, ariulaja in balama’, wohleatoza} SNoupafjele article: una scripts, celal are o crease Conespunde.ganfule qs 2 povsmiuc lterale, corespunetoare ioe aera se scipett, ‘peut mig foarte reduse de lae-extnso, sempre amerular. eylgionk 0 cohleartoze:| tan in ef ar die asemanitoare cohle un mee Semndlcore cu ohare, singe deoobize find die Spialts © fjlor arulare (forma feelor scot 9h dca sei nice pose de fesiexensie i jurl nul wansversl inaojes 9 de igen reuse de rola medial ata ‘vem atc col Ia eare fe-extensia se nsojeste de “jour mic de pronaie sop). {artical tahoe in pivot uprfeele article formate ist-an linda o:05 cong nt Un nel osteo bos, ‘lindral oss se sac n jarl xu ninterion inet ‘escoibos oar mice tae: ep arf radiunad proximal sald, et naan i dnd aul als. © aia condilene: Spe unos, 2 supraee article rotate (segment de eines i) prinie in? depress coespanastare le elualt o; a pare de supra atelire ca sel pera, “ged vor tee t-un sng plan “Secunda, sunt posi mic inital plan “exemplar gonci. 2 aeialaft inst 2 cpraele arcu, ana concn inten sens gl convext in celts:lg de escent, abduio nde crude exemplar etic. (9 seeps 2 cpmlgie eicusce foma unt segment de pelt ca emit nl mal ual pujin mis de ees, ab San pcan sempre apd, mrp i sister tee sav ena ‘site acl: ap (Cogent de He) ot prio cavitenorma de cop nar ciate Reese abdueeabi,ckeumdui 5 roti ph: ete du ola sp nda er ur coves ac ie acl won Foro tinct opuse inten sigur pene fesicetersie Apnpima rp oon) “dite sunt artnet cu mip in jos ising aku ca doa axe ine ant perpen na eis “Sup rai epee Santa et xe: Sperm min ae plane paul “Eeempicetee ema Lanter "Rl corpus execu concomitent nme male aticuir {2 higes amoral. MLMIOLOGIA Ramura anatomlel care se ocuph de studi mujeior si ance for Toaiaenmuscioe (din cnteaeia ebro rez cr mec) fermen sistem usc [formarea musilor parti jsut macular ‘origine mezodernich sat mezenchimalt ca excep muschilor inl ecto ai pal cate an nagtore din coders ora din celle nme five mascul,care + diferent pert fanaa de contrac “Ts boa contrac beer sau clement structure dn coplasms mite mre Compania chimic fvutlel muscular 12) ap 02-80%), reid set 20-25%): "iu ier (16 K Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, fost, “eampoenta organs elacde, glcgen (028%), ubatatel energetic al fre tmosclee lipid 15%: leis, “teeteral isting ‘protein ttle (16.20%): lemenfal structural funcional fsutlul muscu; “he impart i . ')eotie nt in consti flamer Fonte di omleclt de stamioindce are props ‘otal gh parti I eiberaren energie cae se transforma in cntacie seul; molecu de tna by necontatile= ropa cei ies ame aurea sunt rdimentar cv aun neste oMeghl matt emg emporl much peigoiian media, {meh pergola ateral muscu ¢AruLur * Myc repianianteolaterae a pel Nomugchi en lateral, isp in planar aphlpata (medi a piel); “muh steroceldomastodan (plan supetiily mutch! salen (anterior, moc, poster) pi magehlal drop Inter expla (plan pfu). ‘bs amagehregiunit mediane grup ft de vices gal ne- real see ga de ol ici: up sti rs de ‘Sethu oeinpr ie ch spain sneer, 2 mor st 7 5 up ein ‘ {Corel piso : ue tse ipo npn: +more tb af 2 upchl atodan “euler 2. muh rein spl pnd revenera ‘rogehl fgal ape Zug nga tl 5mm dope ‘Mc ren pseu (map ein nua. _Muscl TRUNCHIULUE + Muschi regiuni posteroae a tanchial patel gal ofl “dupa format situa: acimagehil superficial Geagsmembral superior de cloana ventebra cit care lg colana wre de scapult (acllzare in ‘epiunesspinotraci Tmo tapers 2 machi romboidul mare; |e somBoidul mc ‘Leh lator sepals mah vertabumera cv loatzare Lomb sch mare Sonal ‘b.muyhiprofana (prop olane vertebral) Studi pe planar eh pl: TLmupehlul waper; 2 mupchlal matee dora much pla "Linge iator al spall 2 mugchial mboid ‘Amgen posterior superior §Lmujehial inj posterior sien, Suge penis. ul pln (gil exter cane verter masa count 2 mpl dco Scop angulosa ‘{ugcia spna. ec pla V Crchil ransersepinad ‘aug semipinal: tore beeen, calaapuli 2 mag mus 5. mshi rotator, euch plan V 1. mage interepio: 2 mage nteranoverse: 5g rato a capu ‘nue atl dept posterior al cap ‘much scl duepe posterior a opus muh able inferior xpuls ‘Ec ble superior leaps ugh ocooccgien. + Muse toracels Mugen prec anterolatera al tracelul 1 uyhienrinsed eaga membra superior de orc) ch orton: ghd mare dorsal tsi tough cots mug int anti: msc mic poor. nuh tact muy mare pectoral ‘. mugchitIntiect Gormal. dit-materaul muscu propre pets lah pe scl plan x sceltl oso a rach) atl exer gc ietercostall exten ‘trate ei ercosal ner aap: "Lc intercostal intimis 2 mca subcostal | ag! warsversal tree pene sai anatomic muh tranchial te impart Ins isch comun tore membrelorsupeioaee (cough eglunianterosterle tract) ‘Ligeia mare pectoral: 2 mpc mie pectoral 2 mug ubsaveaar Archi ingat anterior ‘mage propel aitorcelai1 muh intros: “nero extern “neonate 2c rico a costlo(spracetal Smupeit subcostal Bap {Lupe tonevers al tors ianghllaral fea Muschi abdomenatst ‘Dyp dapoiia le tepogralic, se pot grup ast: gen scrote: : 1 ape dep abo : 2 emer Supe ee exe {Ctopehil be e, 5 tpl easter opel wnat a sbdomera ‘mag eg ponteone Combai “gh part ome 2Z mage opm Suge me peo, «moyen superior: itogma {Rape gun nero perineal pti pea peril ir mug hboopongos: 2 tl ional: 3. machi aravers perineal super ‘nap peal pf eugene prize profands 2 mufcl Sancer ver al ree naga pen mpl tora mug coxcigan -MusCHmT MEMBRULUT SUPERIOR 1+ Muschi marae mg deltoid mil supeaspines; mucha infepinos: mca ond mae; hil rotund mic muschilsubseapult Mugen rafal mug eu anteriare agra pe2 planar pla sper acl cps bhi plana profi 1. map coraccbraal 2 gc bahia 'b.muychsegiunl posteloae: mucha cep raha + Mogi antebrafla sunt gropa in 3 zgian regiunesaneronr-8 mag disp in planus pla, 4 mig care din lateral pe edi, sunt ‘mse ohn pronator: Luge exo rill carp, ‘5 much pala ang “teh flexor nara carp « laa sagt soe soprfc depetloe pod "Longe exo profund l dept: 2 geil exo ang lpi lon: mei pata pronate Mugehiantbrapu ina poine mscuare spre paren proxmald a antebraplu ‘endoanele spe paren stalls, Prinle 2 plan formeszh rapa spel care ia nastere de pe piconet] humeral = mage epitrohleen Tensearele 2 planer epresins grap prof ar ae originea pe dial oaslor ane ‘bv regiunea posteriars-Smgeh disput in 2 planar Homa pc “gc extensor al degeeor 2c extensor al dept mic ‘rg extensor ular al carp | machi enconel Plnal reer ‘Vanugchiullungul abo policels 2 upc acurtl extensor al pote 5. mupeial ungul extensor al poi; |¢ muy exensor al inde Musca plan forneaa la origin 9 mast muscular comands se dvi poiind mage ‘crepanesInerals-¢ muy dlspul 2 pln: “plo. apr: ‘mjc rahieadlal 2 smug lung esteneor ada a cap ‘mpc eur extensor radial l cpa « plo ppd mage supiato. ‘Musi tannnMina re mh rump fj pina gin apaie intros * {Sf dona sonjne endonnle macho ote a anebropu Busca pale propane Z amupchlcninene ear" mages cre deserves gel fare, ‘sea pep a lad 1 engl cut abc pli : pea ' Limi poral posts datas ¢ 2 musa seat feral pole ia pia gl aco pale igh mien ptenare¢mageh cae deserves gel ‘ie find gente pln lon mb ima ot fl mci or sculpt mi tere 2 uh edducr ldo mic (meal pa toch oporat degtt mse «mpc rein palmare miosis terdoanele mugehior flexor ‘mugehi brea ugh intro: ‘intros palmar: 2interosgi dorsal _MUSCHII MEMBRULUT INFERIOR + Maye bana el ar in ‘Porch aoe ce ghia op oon gpl poration rae lutea are “geil late milo ‘rope hte me ‘Pop eur acl ‘raph pir ‘Bopha ters “uel geen superior ‘Raphi goren nko Soph att eon, = smu obturator ever 1+ Mugehlcoupei a. gropal anterior (extensor ‘muse tor ‘iugchial ondceps Ferra: "dept frre 2 ashlar 5. est meal: {Cyst intermedia. grup medal ductor: peal sper "Lmupeial pctine: 2 much tol ange 2 mop rcs pla mili cl nda Scat: nal afd geil dsctorl mae ‘grup posterior flexor: ‘ame ep feral: 2 angel semstendinos 8 mug emmerbranos + Majeh gambel grap anterior (extensor): “geil ial amerin; 2g extensor mg a ale 23 ius extensor ng al degetlr ‘rug peoniralal een grupo intra: "mse ang peronler 2. rgchil cura pero. «.grupal posterior pal rota {usc bil poster: 2 mel exo hang al hale 2. mugehlal nor lng al degetelor, ‘{rgchil popes. + pla peri: {Lausthial gastrocnemion Z upc sles 1+ Machi picoraut mage din ees doris Late extensor curt l degeteor 2 nugehiol extensor eur l hace ‘magi planta "pupal ei (Sst hace2. mug abguctru als 2: mug eral sera ace 5 mpi adductorl ale . rp el (Sesion Segethlae vite "mtd abdacoraldegetll mic ’ 2p lena scr al eget mic a nl ict: : - supe: chil fexorl sur a degen, © ‘ond ‘ ‘img pata plantar: a 2 globe ne prof gh interes APARATUL RESPIRATOR Fomat din totatsten onganelor care servese la efectuarea respira pulmonare binaries deca dn sng aie oxigen dn sera ambien Respzajacuprinde 3 eae fndamentale: resp pulmonar (ver aguas de aparaal espiratr: “spar ner alia a nivel ello din organism. + seul inspet prin inertia lor respirator ange Ia nivel aveolor weil pulmonar se relizeza prin contacts mucior repeat ‘Gir pun in iat oat famine mphat a repaie SMoigenul siete pers slveoar al cpuarlor perialveoare, se inetat pe hemoglbint shige prin intermedia) vaseor sanguine la ‘ule utd pri In arderssubransor energetic: sepia ie const wn room de one 2 energie prin andrea, rior naive, ond de carbon rezulat din acerte des rece in sens opus ‘aplcle tule, de unde este tanaporat pe cle sanguin Ia rival “xplaclor peel alveosor puimonare, eiminsnduse pel oral expat Toxins 9 bond de carton srbat pre alvcolelor palmonare gt pee caplaeor sanguine pin fone a erg al espa unt ta re Somat rcalar d blb, ont panne dn pe saris cel Apart vesprato este format dil respiatort Desoitaten nasal (adipoteste gf receptor lfc) care are laneatdsimurrile parenazale (apie sunt tezanaton pent ‘Sineteleemise de Irn 2-tarngte (organ fonator care e pred sunt primare, ‘tahoe broke Din ile respusort ma fc pat: naval exer (o proaminan situa “nals cui nazae), caitaten boca faangele 1M. plamdal up criteria fujonal, apart espirstor semper: pone apap fence mint espiatns orator, portion subglilcu ani excusiv respirator.I.-CAILE RESPIRATORI NASUL EXTERN proeminanya median, sittin mfocul fe | * ddpaset prt a cavitai nazale a “rellaeai prota supelahs at maze . “arms de promi triangular ean us pou baza nj: “afer de aun niall ce a as lt af “Imporant In fiionomie ‘Strctra nal exten dela supa ape profane: ls Confne lane bce; “yell rebut conjunctiva drat usc -musehel proces geil zal compresor itor al icy gc idctor lbs superior; geil aii mas sce ome 2 once mae 2 proce rota ale malo, pina nara anterior extige-eptae Siete i aloe ma CAVITATEA NAZALA Shuai ~incetrul muds superior, dearupra evisu “ecb ental neural, nant porta azaeaaringll inte clot. comic cu inate pacancale, liveth deseptul nazal in 2s nae = 2corleare-alange ener potein, rela ate; mpi in - estima; “fowa nals proprivsint care previ 2 repli regimen respirator Thtnen action. Aves na: onduet=cu dre vert ‘ort tr int 5. lima js dears ide octeast = tno nas -seprein magpne infrioart “re cart lateral ‘mal Span esta decavtatn sal prop ik plug de pil: -coninaares tegument dea pres Teenie nde sbacee fer fos nara propria: epar decoll dee ap ma ‘Sinise exerl pnt ois = nck “pores naa angel pinta fi, “repnghilr = che re pre -cnteoatagiog Spt de turca macas ane pen per e:spl naa Comin ator fose, fe prin pe oso potero: A ok laa perpendile eto cepa catlagins: ha ants, in pail damit de ose reale, ep menrent: stint cele 2 persed amntoarel ase dspuse anteroposterior: “zal “proce rota al mae: “feral “aja mein mas “aja mesa sabrina emoidal “eanchainfrioart “prunes perpendicular palatal “Ta neal proces pei, "pret aera: "este seine pele prind 3 race nual dispuse eta:4. coetul(onca) sper: eel eal mics aparine ‘oid, ome och) ace: spate Amol” coral och ifr cel mai luminos. pert inferior: plage! fe nual ’ From delghe hang de Sm onectatantropestenon i “format epoca sl : ones ronal pala pert upton dt fet eal if Peibpet de ginj ngs cnet ale apo, gre aces ssp fora ios aa “Spinal otal “i ono eo “aor sepals seo fifa oval oe ova azals popes eae copia de hve) mcs (macs nd noc eteder rene spr fcr vdopunde "comet sper sia mucoest “ple confine cele neuro senzorale Jpesulante pant cepa stimllorolact cu a de ‘Rare ent pra pla resins srs rao “taupe cone infer, ae “terminate alti ser inepeat Souris ‘meets temperatura; « sabazs temperatura ptnizares tera eu inept (2-87 -mocose coin nde: seroase ‘aleorme: + glandele macome gi cactlorme secret mucusul nazal, cre Iubrefazt “pte pimpreunscu andel seas mite umecenz eral inspira uch] eect se depaseaa spe faringe dato cuentl de aer inspat i dtoit miganr eer, ‘li nce aur gn refineren imparts noel inspira. SINUSURILE PARANAZALE 4 peecs de cmpaninente preumatis “atin ral slo azteca comuric prin ofits “enti pine cu aer cae cyreachgeiaten sheet cpu hdr rezera sceetull pula ol de ela tere de reonator i snetco. + sun prez la asee (excep sinus otal) 1 devo ces imprundeu sheet apa Smut mnar ae desvo maximum eda cu apa deni permanente, unt cptiie de o maces ae se prehngete cu mucous evi ania micok conn pufie- vase sanguine “alande, anol deporiot are pte pee ong “Sms SNUSULMIONTAL st in grosimes soll oll front a nivel label SINUSULETMODAL S10 cavitineepulate ume cre cmoiel, ince i labial envio nereglath tut compl nu send ‘+ snutle- proce inflaton ale acestor vt: ‘Financ sn conic a msoael male. FARINGELE, - conduct musculo-membranos: “orate unde se ncroienr aks respirator cu ce aliments “cee alientelrn impel degli in cavitaten bucall in faxing ‘pol in eso spe stomac face succes (rsa) eu tecerea aru iteprt, cre prunde prin forse nara, roe prin fringe, lrg, thee, ‘ron spreplinda, ral in fonatie ventlrea urechil medipicirea organismal prin formule limfide pe care eon fasngele ato evpats exer ering cae rsp 2 Caputo oli 1 a pone ‘ ineviow, ndfrngraspande des Ins: oslor nivale morgen su ine ‘vit cae oma ¢ “ringer Sou poring. -seuctura fang dea exer spre iter {Ladoentijia: membrana conjunctiva exten, 2 ea mascara mH “clarity acfiane de stdtarea faring, “anginal, ido ow acpone de dare a fringe tune flbrons servis sheet {ted submcoas; tuna coast confine ogo nll fata faving al ui Waldeyen Tonle son amine faring: Deere 2 pati peal, ii frat adeno asemanoare lace pear LARINGELE organ principal fat “organ tabula Stunt in epunenantero-madian a itu “raspunde ultimo verebecervcale, “sunt ab onl ii, deasupa wae “pect fnines laingteingell ‘apo latlr glade! oie; “macho sublden isp planar Tenneson, 2 ingen! omabiidan. 1 Ls mugchi stemoteidan 2 geil Groban, CConformati exteronr a larngell ‘eidult- form de prt tings: “bd mare, oentt In 85; “baz mi (ef) crema jos; fee lateate 1 aphaneriart; 1 margin avers 2 marl posters Confrmaja introns singe: Cavittes aig compra eu pili care unes prin vse lor zona cena inet nus pts de nica acca: ‘iis soe pune de no: - esti lige eaten gli ‘Got prerint sve de formal anatomic rain espa fai. Aeeter sine le sce - reap tng format i= Rgamentl vocal geal vocal tuna mucus caree inves se Indepiresin ipl rep "Se aprope a np oa fant gi - pap coprns ie cele 2 onde Voae; “ee ligest in pal replat, fe gusterss in np nai ple weir ame: eta antero-posterior peril cu ple vocal: Elune deasupra pico voc. -igmentl estat stat tn grein pe velo: ft estar deat de pee vest: ‘eral ira =2 vertical dept sang, lta de: pple vocal: Eo ple vestbulare Stuctra angels [scheletal earings lett in 1 plese: Sakae epenehe scart! oud ctl eco, till epigtoti. cata poreche:-cartjle artnet “ate comet: “cares emeforme: “tall esate1. aparatal de mies cartaelo: arcaafiie tush novia, care sunt cticotviiene 9h _icoartenoiene ° apart igementar: ‘Teme eta nar net co capil wake _inemtrane chin ete roid cu osu itl, “pment rights game epg “igen enor “amen ect “game estate membrana frotestc nie args propriety eronabie deceit dato: ‘Ett sale Rogol “oem! ei esmanstoare coi laringel lk mshi "enna cum capt placing sc celal pe organ vein, imprint ingest mig, ‘imc ctor nero fringe iirc faring): 2a gal superior a (pit en ia); 23 mai plating (oid cw pat) ‘machi fring ‘mg oa, ‘mage seroton 2. magi intrinsec TTatamkee apete insert pe carte lasing SS mig -7 pee “1 nepereche sropaiin 3 grupe funcional "Ah cosine lel a auctor or le “elas contici fap 2. mui eric er 2 mc arti roses 3 mc arte ois ‘meh arena 5 mci eight 6 meh ripe "Rng distor fs slots abductor phil wcle: reach tare arte lotic: “ean eal cu elacarea malta amcor 1 muh encore msc esp oe {mci cl ener stv al pi vocal, tine oarda care “rier in inpul expafieemifnd snetele langle); 2 geil rico rachel nearer pulls aestor mug ese nei de ifn. 1. tania mucdas gl submucosst| one = land are eres mss nectar breil, rte Hint supra (am din arte aot exter} triton (rm in aterssbelve ence: es gin superar vars n Yena agua een); fiat nant prapin 3 pets smaleneniiv: ‘open vsemotosie pate) pin ramusi Ienngedringine, -secreorieparasimpstc) nevi linge -sperion, Inferior ‘TRAHEEA organ tubular, forma un tu indi eu pert posterior tur, inde I vertebra, contin Iarngee pn la vertebra Ty (8 Aiden cele? bron principale sts in pla medion al corp, rants esfaguly "Rpornt eral, toro = strand in medias rin nil superior al oc Stractra rahe tclet fbocartilgino 1520 aca alginate elastic, incomplete posterior: “tml are forms eV poem in itera Waal la Joule ‘bifuresi tone ha *ptrioe format din cle membranes (permite reer boul Almera prin soa); acopert de mg rae. + adventitia[BRONHIILE PRINCIPALE . rm tong ezulate din bifarcare taba focreazt inte ele un unghie 7585 sigur ventiaiapulmonac; forma lor exteroa este atemsnsoare abel, doar sunt mal ures sai subfil f “tute etapulmonar ¢ cand ajung Ta hill pulmonar formesza o arbocizajh bogata ‘neapulmonae “ronhiadreapts- merge pin naps eapropie mai made vers; merge pn iin: eapropie mail de oon = bronhia principal inte ia alttuien patna pulmonar (cia ii formats i bron pence tera pulmonar 2venepulmanat sneraebroshice vende beonhice; inti “hee plot nervos plmonar, est anja medial .PLAMANI bron stings ‘organce principale ale cepa, Ia nivel lor avin loc scimbul tuveoiar de gaze coninsiin?seroase pleural, separate nr de; Sepaai inte tpn mediastn: ‘ian caveats trace Tne pln peur prelcavitai trae e stables rai prin ‘ares asigurd mecaica espa (Capacitats totais Slates nasi aor onfnat in et 2 plan» 45005000 CCapactate vitae Btumele de er case pt taste proces de ventlaiepulmoara; “esprima valeren funtiel espiatone “repreins condi egrte, 300-000 ml CConformatieetrioar: “Compara cu uma sl unui con iat dela ve sprebazs ssn apd pede Pree bac sth pe difrogan: etme = 1 ir dpigeste cn espero al cai trace; ‘Sepunde oe uprackvicssre de a aza gtd; “experi de cupola pearls ‘epunde-prmel case, “ane abla “angioma eat: Chorale “plow breil 2 fetes col conven ots rivet inte lateral inpol, medias pein porte verti one ial unde se sate ‘al plsminuf, pend ree ‘esneiee podicall pulmonar 2 margins ‘afi. e feelin inser su scizri anc cae ienport lamar ni "plana tng: -o sur ole 2 eb speror Inferior pliminal deeps-2 sur - obi “onaontal. stperior mic, fein 31a Steuctuea pln [eamponent broil 1 prevents de ramafsileintapulmonare ale bronhilorpenlpae, ex ‘ln conderen er ps la lll parnchim pulmonar ni prin deep 3 rane stra “mec eri. sng 2 ram oer seria infrabron lobare deserves ert pulmonar name lbl pulmonar: “bron bares vin ro semen 8 pene pasa sg 0 por pial eet “brooke segmentare deserves tert pulmonsre, nuit seg ‘pulmonar, " Ii component parenchimatoass . eee ee anew eee meen ee ee ea eerie een jae iat care fonrenrh Me supata Vasele ner pieninaeie ascii lamar est dS "foci atgurath dete pulmonar cs cele rau “rer pulmonar” dept, stings 4tvonepamenare~2 dept; “sting ‘ranch puinona porneste din vetlel dept anim duce ba limi siagele aac tn oxigen: du ingle get in oxigen de la lien a atl sting. “tii spurt de -aterleBronbice (in aot aac “aera frac inter ‘ence broshice bute: ‘eneor bahia, la stings “oeneiazgeslsdreap: Iimfaticee we grupeaz subpleural inapelonsn persimptic (din nervul vag eerie, notte Gest musculus nd bronhoconstet: I"piodlor din micoasy Bronbich determinand secre or. sinc (in ganglion sinatra 25 reglet’ calibre valor i implist debital sanguin pulmonar sme relsant supea muscular ronhie PLEURELE, -2membrane seca care vel plana, “pe, dap ng comic nt le spre pin “Tce ple are 2 fe (alam: cla naa supra pm epg pee trace (Oats prin sunt in contin nee a vel ne tin de refleie uses mefologicinte le inte lew eliza o aden dont prestns negative sa une ell de iid (0.2 ra) Selimiear inele de ecare parte cite 0 iat plea; Sn fanfic de aorta cs pee cov foracce pe care pte, pleura parietal sp un este diva ‘pce medina Formentera a ediatina, pe ere separ dee eave pleural linia, ple asi “ee ininde de ste (ane corprile vertebelr trace ‘postin Spee — faa poseriart a stern gh transerr a oracle “ofl interne ale coaster, ice intrcostal «pleading "cope fj supesond a difrgmeh de caret Sata pen intemal una sut conjunetés se continu cu pera costal g medlastina capo plea ec cosas sper moped vital ples Sjge I baz tal fsa supracavicular 23am esnupa save a em deasupra prima coast; se kta nonce din vendat prin ora care ete portal sarpensoral xl, sur wae (our dec plea-reevuie contomedintinaleatror deep cating . reer contoiaragmatice:- depts ating recesrile ortomoditinale pater drop sing MEDIASTINUL af ‘epee meds (uo eps sre stings ntepopdinonas 0 avi toacce nine organe:~ cael confer un dose interes medicals “cae aunt ncojarate no atmos conunctivo- ‘siposs ciel lengh inte ee vegione eine into de pee SM aeralh cole 2 plore mdi, care sk separt de sepinile Pleuropulmonare anterior fm pastericnta sten; posterior cop error oa a cea mang); fon fate spew a drag pe seme tranevrel orm cial ev demtral may one posteri. Mediastnl comnil cs 3 #Stl prin erica superior a trac: cavities abdominal prin mal male efi state in dafagn: rife dnte ive sterae 9 cotale ale diafagmalt pemdebes ‘anf spate > cxf ven! eave inferiare 2 repiuileplewropulmonare, pit inermedialfsutlui conjunctiv mediastinal, cares coninah cy stoma plane, Din considerate topografie chiral, medastinl eImparte ‘A meiestnal operon 1B. mediastial inferior esate entero: iia mast, ~stinel petrr lanl separare dnt medina superior ce inferior: stole diane hap desusinjzs. net unghil stent args infor a vetbrelT -Anedistnl ouperor spande: vane, mari sera; “poston opr prinla corre tale coro untarl format spun # en ima nein ae hose insu coi): mie de ot ie (aul rere brahiocfie nsofite de od inate: ‘Sine ccs pein ngs alc al vene babii er ‘pon re aot etl vag neal lange recur sng, nevi cardi Wop hc nsf de nod inf: sofaguls ‘Sem inereontal supeiar reap, fant a ven ages. meester [ mediatinl anterior compartinent nga: rr antero-pstero sian“ ja poserinrt a ermal ou anenoad a percerdel confine - upd tranvers al rset nile prance steal le fag ktrotate inerrs nsu cop) “iigamentl stemopercdice etm din artere rea inten su conjunc lx dipos: 1 mediastinal moc Compartment el mah mare al edit inferion,sentient plana preperiardic cel pretabea: “con = perc ena; orfune inferiar a venel ove superior en asigon care vas in vena avd supeoar “ora ase ‘ranchers plonaze, er nic Five nerves din pow adie. r ML. meiaetinalporterion 4 “ce fninde fn profunsime, pla coloana toraeald (de la verre 3) Tobe pita verte Normale anaionice cnjnute a in jurl lor eumeroase nod liatice ant ope pe pm: uplontF ediculi pulmonar -bronhie principe; areca pulmnae; “Venele pulmonate *vaselebroafice “oul ilstice bronhopalmonare “fel plu nerves pulmonae ligament puto 2 pon esagals Tae vag ‘pla I oda descendent; Teen aiges, “loc, 4 pla vena emizigs tere nero vendeintercostae “Tanjul simpatic tral “ner planta APARATUL CARDIO-VASCULAR Apa cndio-vseula ese lett in “io steal devas prin care cc singel ater venos) imi Apart cantiovascular indplinete rol de transport, contbuind ‘Sitar de sktemel nervosa realizes unit neionle 4 intel organism are roll de “ce oxgeni setae nutstive a nivel esta, “Gace blond de caro pr de deasiiaie a nivel organcor ‘ore rion mines oe 1.coRDUL crgamal cental a aporatulsi creator, x funcfe de pomp ‘espngatar, Mri gern cod Copier mesial antes. omsie cat satis mes Sou isa gs int medi “fone sp targa caispettape “apes pe tating oe poet puneul ep perce; en 25 — ee el hnge 5 Confers exes ods “pe lau exterior se vio sori de gtr! are corespund pai ini ind cee = de 1 gan atrioventriular oes coronaria sepa trie de ventricle; perpendicular peat ini= Imparte cole 3 ffs in eite 2 segment: allt ventricle 2 gan interventricular ecu interventricular: on par cole ventricle; ‘Sat in plan verte tre prin mal ln Pé resin 2 segment: anterior posterior. ‘gap nteratrial oles inteatilis) ‘sual npn vertical: stevie posterior baza nimi, ‘nia reins yet “fi stecota preci gna arin anti cn pate in 2 a segmnentul atrial: ~ mascat de cele 2 trunchiuri arteriale; “rs thi Sapte ugha “Rms deh abit rept + eae gla ang nt of rg en rept ‘sme vermin Sica props “uote — ie dpe peti nl eine poster ae ps faa tndogment meg Degree, peeve fo par pris epee nla bagi ori Sarg ride ie ep et ia slermacoll de co opm erin singer cr 1a 1 han de yn inertial cre ofp nope dpe tng. eepud pe psate rll ge rect oe tol ade veneer pulmonar inp np: Coeapar ee ptsore a aa dep rer el ven cave pert {or onic ven cvs fer odes strespnde vif venti sting se gs nepal Vineet ting, pe ina modiaviculr (eu sexe. CConformajiaintevioar anim mpi nota ara comunicu ventric especti pain rfid alone Peer = din punct de vedere anatomic gl floc, inima ete impr tn 2 sopment: reaps ting Alrite “presi compstimensen cae vine a ning single ence; ‘hater nbz inal nda veriulor, separate pi septal inteatal “nimi det venta, * pereilorsunt a= subi epreincompartinentele din cve plea de nim singel arte: 1 SEpamt ln ce pin apt intrventricla, presi orice “Enc trond nett caption); ing (ote straws “sgt comunicaren al cu vntcutl respectv “pera ule aroenticul oni ater = dept ae sigur comenicarea venticuleor cu marie vase; ‘escull dept artes pulmonar, “entre sting cua: proves cu mall eon perf ensue preints atone case (nt tui masculare) Septal con Pettele despot cele 2 ums anim reap pling ca snge ct COs: “stings co singe expert. pe secune longus are 3 porns1s inti - mambo torus 2s trent ia "minded apr nee acs posto in repr me Meri pre super in oa Sapa arene repre pre in pot set cupana inte cpl inert elie. te Anatomia fancionalb a cords Selemente componente“ «pica ‘ose: endear : epicardial ‘Ste foi viscera porcardl seos cre acopers supa nimi este ‘areal acopers compet ocd card lament cel mai devel ca urate fancelde pomps aii forma in shell bos Asche fal cone: - puncte de sere petra: ree mince allele oieilor coventsculare: tsterelor mar un pst de pomp deonrece prin cobortsea ner ‘endings elle fancide pomp de vid In ati ‘entrua appr singe din vein at. format in jsut conc organza ib forms de: "il oie ae Lae, 2 ragonne oe: $end oa eri Bice rag “ormat din 2 componente: -miocadul contact: sem atoenctoccaducor, sda coma Mo sea dele musclare:- cutie: —Jongdinals; eaneversls. snastomorsteinte ele prin ili ealaorme, inwolunare 2s ented aka din muscular specif cu caractereembrionare; “ae egtur anatomic funcional nie ai verticals sk di parte condensati pre daeminath pre cde - nod acl. sis mul inatrillKeh lack inatil dept “ab rfl vend eave superioae; C"pimite impulsut de 7080/aninut gl determina itm sina in atiitate ini, ‘nhl tional Ach a “mite impulse ofeven ce 0-50/ minut. 1 fst cia rine al a His: Peace ano atoventculay ete imple even de 25 30/inut paren dein "efor a Parkin andor: fica: pete peri cain, allele rifle iii se continu cu endotll vascular a nivela ‘no Vasculitis condul Giealfin aerial “artrl corare sting denpt care iu str dn aor Greats venous ete crusade intourcee singel de a elementele componente ale “igurat de:- vee superiale, ene pron | cinelaia venoedeupefctal “Lat ea con 2 mic ce conan $3. itretrcal peri ‘Senator ta: ‘Sena Marsal sacl woos oon -olectorl vnos al singlu de la venele superficie aint1. cireaapiavenoasit prof: ui elu Galo ae a Thebes 9 was det n cavitiile Sondulut prin ood care se phere mai ales la nivel peer asa dept Inevaia cout be nervoave vegetative: ~cardaseitives “eardlomotois “gapate nner cardiac mural “parasimpstcaaivagaly “ortosimpatical cereal nevi cardia: a tant gi sapoute cervical trace; acti par in pos cert sl ford evolu tubal cardiac: [Meni cardiac supenort apo afl prim han de i neauernd ‘or deven plex cardiac amen er coniact mifecinerio apar fy ana a dows de laf intraterin {vor consi plea nerves posterior a pei ens ll Ferman. nero cardiac a aul sunt in numa de’ nero ena’ experi 23) 2 nero ena mic 23} nero cn err nee crdial a ortosimpatica ha 9 ero spl medina anterior, Tenure carina 2 cli ac ‘neal xd lori, Plexulle candice teri cardia a vagus ortosipatc conver toracegpee mare ‘eunch sso oman psa carding care sport fn 2 la: 2 plea x teri, supe a plea arte frmat dine ~nervscndio sting, preaortic “perv carlacl depp, retoaorc plex crc posterior, rf nu pleal esa erm 2 hsjoraten nero cate ajung mses centre provin din nevi cardiac ‘loc inferior al vagull dnept ner cardic a cimpaticl rep {eonluie putem afta despre neri cardiac fap ck plenulcardinc anterieprimese- ner eardacs superior rep ting at vagal ner ead superior tng a ‘ontosimpatc. conic psteor ne contin rari milo vagal rv condi ier apis toner cardia ‘crocmpaticll x excepia terval erin pein ng .PERICARDUL Genes Percandl eprerina sacel ibe, cptusit la interior cu o serous ce Capen inn cri marelor vase ea vin su place and Frolic percardlae roll preci Roars nimi de orgaele vine ermiterea misc stern le ii Pericardial poste Hos: 1. perc ros 2eAb fmt Seon de con: obi azn at de etal eins a dategne iif ncu pepe dep ade de vets slr de labs. at pre -lptue salcu vse angie Pein de fomapoie vet (care sabe ‘onlin cae iy cemonatrnddeivarea thn aia perivcercec) Chasis dese urmitooreeigament: 1 ligamentle cervicopercardce boars din regiunen comical I percard trio ~ anova veel, ltl fi rece care stout ela toi In toca conjuncsva Imunchlulr venoase brake. posterior -anesat aretalar- 28 carotid; sblaviculare2 gamete teopercrtice “ein zaperir. de pe faa pstroar® 2 manchilui steal 8 bt Steril pce In porpne spear infer aoe em uh I infront anteroare a peter 4 ligamenta were oper: ati at ree Ts pd ae poo pn a nvel ene cre inrioare: ~extremitaea sting care se ridicd de la dafragm spre pesca shttona. ligaments fonapeicaiice pelinaaterlor defuse pericard-daragm: foe ntriars 7 Pore reaperopumonand im rapert co marginile peveandui’ pei = pleue; plana reine cep ise its costotemae *spaile nercontl “ate tora ner gel inher al tena {in aceasta pore etapa, ln tanga sel ead at om ‘shnghiland = rng parc “fl carla costal tng VY; “ai arts costa ting Vi Tatura ing ini cave unegle avticalaiacondeo-temali tang iv eucartijt Vie i8 men de agines stings sterala "nt reaps: margnea tell, {haa tunghil, lings margines stern se fac puncle pevcardice osele forscice interne tee In 125 som i afara de ‘argon ser Tots pera rape cu “aorta frost se sete Ia parte superior) tece poi Inapoia Pecculla pulmonar sting se asad alten ‘ooane vertebrae orca, ‘efagul napa atl tng la nvell sisal oi peierdull nevi vag (rep pst stun pe ture esfagsl, {aj antercard a broniordrespt stings; vena cai ineriar 2margint ita Grapt pistngs. in apart cu “her enc “ile dakagmatce supesoare care erg. fsutl ce “Gespate pein depesre medial. lf tndeeplt in aus, pot manbra steel unde ntin e tank advene- ster puimonar eit vb cae sont “Tcl braiowae dep, orgies. napa vel amu pes arto! plmonas, pore se pte ne Pander coin pers nfo artes pulmonar; pei coe capa ram reps aterm nla crom sot «Ita: ped se coin Yet conjunc in fra peel: ener ae eee pulmonate cl nue pe sot pn foetal ‘tinh bce. 1 percadalseros pron oe “os prt ftns 8 pecan ros, nti pit de peiard: oir oc (pardon vote vertical ate precun$ ‘Sporune dn vascle mat cae vin sou peach deanna ‘Retinge apo continaindw ca fia petal tna de stinger 9 cele 2 fi (pants vibe) ete detrmirats “demodiici color extemal bul edo ei extent caudal (vnoss) lero eve mat mal compat deci euremitaten eral arterial) Mater iseingepercadut sero x fara vaseloe mar, se Individualzeara3 psu eur “pedicle stuat anterior ssuperion; “alti din ort garter pulmonar. = peicull vens dep - stat poster, “orm din cle 2 vene cave vere pulmonar dept + pica vens sting Stat poser “alta din venele pulmonare stingIL VASELE SANGUINE alt compan sel creator sanguin: prenan de "rove vlc ranepr agli pret Cali deere dela pre ens splars 6 “Seip mart : Silo : RE arly captaiortrmiatcarg {cplrnsnt se mumest met cpl ivll tres rele embed sage vane: - tne ce aepot gale dla i pein ‘irae daca i TEatpetin vera iol id ti nei nap x srt tn med vende empath “ee fase cee nee cerbelne ve frais “venga emma Mentos “Nene dee cone mace dine ae parte verte extreme ic ale eos neneure pov wave case testa cid cingee cals ima seed eid ‘Sngurare twins dea merge neae inv) + adooies nen eer. ‘A. SISTEMUL ARTERIAL totals arerelor mar, milo smi ste impart i 1st alr a mart cica anu sel artic (ceeuaia Slstemi) este frmat in aor amare 2: stoma ater al ic eas eee pulmnara ete format ‘in rane atte plmonare amc plese din ventric deep se imparts in artera pulmonar stings cu? ‘mul lobare st aterapulmnarsdeapt (eu 3 amr tbat) ‘CIRCULATIA SISTEMICA AORTA ‘raat in vrtiat stg “lien usa gyre rept (8-5 em); "evinetranverna erga spre pol g pre tga pn Is anc nga verter De "devine descendent, pacorge trace “diag 7 “Seomenal (pe perl poster pn ‘rept verb 43 rama terminal 2 ater ac rive ser sacra mio exdsn owe, re perf 1s Ponca ascendent on eget percent eager ext pride 1.2-Poninesorzonta Seclatrle 1 nce babii, 2 ane ext print tng 2 ares sue ng 1. troche atrial brahiocefalle ‘caret sued reap rm capri dept trem oti exe tre oti tra rte cari exter: rer seperi(C: Daven aren fl {dre frig conden Bare octal Scare aur pater (C; 2 arte senprl sper fem moto tr ‘arte cart intern ‘aren ofc 2 rama emia aver anterart tee cereal fc ater col aera 4 cman psterarcane subeavialae: "vt srl 2 art mma ito $n ntl superar ‘Lotoa cereal propa Snes rind aan 6 rts erat code areal ascend, ‘art spur superar 5 Aiea subleiclsd se contnat carters axa. 3 ARTERA AXILARA: ILARTERA TORACICA SUPERIOARA IARTERA ACROMIO-TORACICA Mi ARTERA TORACICA INFERIOARA (ARTERA MAMARA EXTERNAD IW.ARTERA SCAPULARA INFERIOARA 1 ARTPRA CIRCUMVLEXA ANTERIOARA ‘VIARTERA CIRCUMELEXA POSTERIOARA ARFERA CORACOIDIANA RTERA CUTANATAA AXILFI Asters allan se contin ca artera haere. ARTERA HUMERALA (BRAHIALAY: TT RAMURI MUSCULARE 2D ARTERA NUTRITIVA A HUMERUSULUT ‘X/ARTERA COLATERALA EXTERNA A ARTERACOLATERALA INTERNA SUPERIOARA PENTRU VaSTUL INTERN SS ARTERA COLATERALA INTERNA INFERIOARA ‘Ate hueral se npate inate os astra cui ARTERA RADIALA ner recur antec 2 Ramu macare 2 Arter rmserd anterior carpu {Arter rad plat 5 Arter dopa Arter doral corp 1 Arter intra eda dae spat 8 Arar ria pati ARTERA CUBITALA 1 Trini ecwentor eile f.artera oct anteroard be Aes recur posteoar 2 Thun arr itrance Arter inferno antroart Aner nterosossposteiar® 2. Ramer masse {Aree cab dealt 5 Aree rane carpus Aree catit paar ARTERA DORSALA ACARPUILUI + ARTERACUBITO-DORSALA ‘tameoltra arterial)" (am cll dn are cubital) 1 [ARCADA ARTERIALA DORSALA A CARPULUL ARCADELE PALMARE |LARCADA PALMARK SUPERFICIALA ARTERA CUBITALA + ARTERA RADIO-PALMARK (cam trial {nominate rai) 2, ARCADA PALMARA PROFUNDA ARTERARADIALA + ARTERACUBITO.PALMARA (ater) (aed arto cual) 2, AORTA TORACICA amt ar deen nal ets aoe dela Dy pn tif pe care that fn repli . al sein mediastinal posterior: ‘Later ronhice: (3) -2 pete pulen sting: 1 pen pulmion rep 2 rte egies 5-7: vader medisingle posteriare: penta organele mediastinal posterior {Carers itecostale: 810 erect (ent ultimele 9 spa intercostal; ‘rimele2 intercostal provin din ater selva)3. AORTA ABDOMINALA, lima porine a art “contin orator cep in dep verse Dy se ae p ane clan vertebrae pujin spre stings "hee eral eee pi a eraea Le ude fri pa 3 songs: as tera sar mifloce in portanen superior sorta co pete in ream ci aa asc ul colaterae Ie area diatopmatice inferoare; artes capeiar mick: TM trunchl elie care sempre a artera epic antersleni A sn Ec keh “one 4 ae cosa am clare Larera menentr spe ‘ato alt Teepe dap ce aot vc I, sot te opi oat de pete anal poser prin care ten pot Pinel ical bi, "cin eee re eruclez aray ok pte clona obs {Sider Lanes seme nro; thane lntere Ramatileterminae le ore artre ace primitive rapt (ang ma putin vlumincost) stings a verte, ‘Aarter ind etents Barwa ae terns pops. IAUARTERA ILACA EXTERNA: {CARTERA URETERALA INFERIOARA TLARTERA EPIGASTRICA ‘olateate ane fics 2 aver supropubians Scare creamed ac ‘Arter lh exer econ cu aster femur 1 ARTERA FEMURALA: TARTERA FEMURALA COMUNA ‘olaterle: 1Larter uboutanat abdominal 2 arter ruginoas supercars, ‘artes rpinoas interiors 1 ARTERA FEMURALA SUPERFICIAL colaerte: ‘rami rei penta magi vast nt 2Lartra mare aastometil (reuse pericotlan). TIL ARTERA FEMURALA PROFUNDA colaterate 1. antera cradrcepsul 2. aera crewmen Totals ventral) (Creu areal al extemiaih Superoues lemurs Samere chew mediala (Grsls) (crcl arterial al extemitit Supercare a femurs) terminal Larter perforate ARTERA FEMURATA SUPERFICIALA Setanta cn ares poplie, C AkteRa PorLitee [TARTERELE GEMENILOR 1 mea: 2 Interals 1, ARTERELE ARTICULARE SUPERIOARE ‘itera 2 medias TIL ARTERA ARTICULARA MIJLOCIE IV. ARTERELE ARTICULARE INFERIOARE ‘itera ‘Artera polite se impart in rtera Will anteroart truncal tibor peels D.ARTERATIBIALA ANTERIOARK "Lartera eeurents antenar 2 artera maleaar anteroart medal Santera mleoar anton trai ‘romurimascelere: Stra ecarentsperonir. ateiar (sera recurentperonie. posteiar, ‘antes erurent bal anteroa. Asters iil anteriar8 contin. cu ater pdloasE-TRUNCHIUI TIBIO.PERONIER {Lavine nutlvaa tbe {runchil tiloperoniet se impart in aneraperoniee’ 9 artere Ub posteroas ARTERA PEDIOASA {Lamas fet name, 2 Srteradowsala ats : $store dorsla metatasuli, 3 2 Sree interosons dorsal a primal poi; ‘avers perforant ntersar: ‘aera perforant ponterier ARTERA PERONIERA Rama eoatente {tera nuit a peroneul 2 ramari muscle Sam anatomic Rami termina {artrapemarsposterinart: 2. ales peronerd ters ARTERA TIBIALA POSTERIOARA Ramu colaterle ramus gamer 2 mut caeaneene, Ramu terminate: {Loters plantar ater 2 ares plantar mel |ARTERA PLANTARA LATERALA 1 pomunea abies ‘Lamas profunde; 2-ramuti Superficial; area plantar din consist: "L rau petra oss tars 2. rammipete tcl trl, 1. Antes introoac plantar: 2 colateas lateral: Dreoatrls medialis {am pre Gaara 2.Colateala extern alls | Ramurs perforant posterioae ARTERA PLANTARA MEDIALA i darters plantar supericale, 1, ARTERA ILIACA INTERNA: aslo vised pelvis onganele petal sere: Patcspoteriour a coupe aur oltre > invapelvine parietal 1-aters iio lombas Later scat tral visceral Bat ators amba 2 aera vers inereaa {Later heoroidl milo Fi femeie 1 arte terns 2 tera vag > expe: atera fest 2 area obit Sartre rin inter 8. SISTEMUL VENOS {otataten voneor ai, medi mari, este impart: {Leas mari ial (cela venoas stems), format din otaliatea venlor ate conduc singel in vera av superoaa gt Inferoar care se deschi nail dep Zo senal geno af mic cri (Sela venoass pulmonat, forma in euncl wenelpamonarepramurile cares desc ih steal ing.‘CIRCULATIA SISTEMICA ‘VENA CAVA SUPERIOARA, - “Treprein truncal venos in cae sffjese toate venele din jms “uproar corti (xcepfe veel candace cae se vars pins ‘corona . *calege sings vence din -membisie supeiote; sp: sat aC = formeach din nive trnchiuror venosse bahloceflice dept i ing 1. MAREA VENA AZIGOS colectera single din pre tranchill prin venee intercostal ‘enahemiaigos [I-TRUNCHIURILE BRAHIO-CEFALICE ‘nu nar din ues vee! agus itere(aducestagele din: ence invelgale ene, cra git ff) cu vena sublavicular, fran {Engi ven al Pogo, enre se vated wena gular externa ries veel apa TNenel gat ‘ense membrlor superoare. IIL, VENELE MEMBRULUT SUPERIOR VENELE PROFUNDE “ermeaa telat arterlor, cSt? wene pentru fcae ater cu oxepiaelorcolaterae ale degen, “ta “2 ven ntersoaee “ated venosee rile; “aateade venosee cial bra 2arterehumerae ‘VENA AXILARA “a ntere prin unite celor2vene humeral, sub seria muschii mare pect pe humerss ‘fmverstack wil ojmge ub aval unde devine vend subcaviul “prints en 1.2 one once erie, Zee spur neice, 44.2 nenecreumfle nterare, 2 oe rum poser ‘VENA SUBCLAVICULARK contnuares dict a vnc! are VENELE SUPERFICIALE "sate sub festul colar subcutanat gi deasupra apencwrozst ‘Supercile vende na voluminose Ta bbat dest seme: In indiva care fac exerci muscular mal intense sna evident a personel abe dest a eae grase (nd men Sper este dea). sunt vee sla (stn o ater comune steal venosprofund prin multiple vone perforant ‘ven superficie le maint. ene dite; “ene dorsal ale mini: venee palate | Seed superficie ate atcratuld 9 pl cot vena medians: vena radial wee superficial ale raul “vena cea Tena bale VENA CAVA INFERIOARA “eprint venoe care termin eee abdominal { renee bath ‘eee membrlor inferior. - primey tat enele Juma infroae mebdiafrgmatic ale corp Pigrmati prin unienveneor ince primitive (a vel dsclut Intervertebral Lela); flue VCE veneelombere venele capsule, “yenel eal Zane genial -venee ifapmaticeinfeoar; vende supeahepat,1LVENA PORTA cate un cial anastomotic statin eenua capilar a uturoronganelor ‘nlominale excep organel ert urna jeu capa hepatic. Roja cain cabs seperti tubal digest, fe anes apn Spans. in natn din 3 zee vloinnse 4 VENA MEZENTERICA SUPERIOARA: “aired ez pri lr dngele ence din = colon sen umattee denp clon tener: eunoeon Shee din stomse 2. VENA MEZBNTERICA INFERIOARA: corespunce rere mnezerice inferior, 8 8 este acest; se “Separeach dearer sn segmental ermal devine independent hn singel vos din -jomata stings a clonal tansrers; eon descendent S-VENASPLENICA: ona por ete ciparad cu un arborea cr: cn we tnd in ot tou digs; rac stain feat I. VENAMAACACOMUNA Haan eer arte ren mind tenon can gle de Se = “Te nt Spa te ome perf bern [IL VENELE MEMBRULULINFERIOR ‘toenle profane “ite spneveod: inpirors! la amb, venele sunt ste artereor (dle 2 pene ear ters nie penis poplin eva poring wena iach exer se contnus cu vena feral, Ia nivel inch crural bevel superficie: sore coca “yen safe interns ena fend eter .SISTEMUL LIMFATIC totaaten captor limite, a runchiuror cletoare linftce a gimllonlr lati, capilaceleinlatice conde forte sbi int sgtoren jeutl conjunc lx din organe 3 Jest sb forma una det de mana fs martomoreas ine ele orm ele tranche colectoare imfatie ‘fanchia ingatedrept mares vend Linfati ena din confers tranches fagular cu truncal “uae 9 bronhomiia Soa varet nvena sible deape: “colece limfa. din vere tice: In jumatates dreapis ape “gta “evel in membra superior deep 1. eaalal trace (ductal fori) eos ns din umatasabditagmatic a trunchilu Imembeie nero juan tiga = eapul “ele “Ewch = membral miperor sting. ~ ganglion Liat repezintt organ linfopostioeaezate pe talactal ‘slr nf cae seimpat ernie ad ina I gangton; ‘ent cocoa is din ganglion rincpaelegrupur ganglonare sunt 2 gonglont eg apa roel — matldien semana retainsengliont reg gta: terval superisall = taheobrengc Scala S mezenterle —mezoclcs Steel Seseale —lemboaont genio’ membrelrsperiare dear Seale. ganglion membretorinfroar: onli, —Finghinal APARATUL DIGESTIV Aparatl digsiv et actin bul digest glandeleanexe L-TUBUL DIGESTIV {LCAVITATEA BUCALA Cavum ers atinescal rt = gu) a ura rina pn bl iat eget inal au fai a part digest, Sin la prea inrior afje, ub onle raza, deasupra mugcilr ‘biden iat frig Toceplineste pale ae ale digest contol atte al alimentlo: + mastic ‘ircliva 4 deta aliments. “rai formar aria sunellor mise de aring: “sedeschie anterior pin nfl uch “postrorcaiaten boca comune faring ein sta cfg “Cavitatesbucall est format in |. vestbulal bucal spain forma de potoaed deschis posterior 5. Aelia de -buze obra readsedentare acoperite de mucous gga. 1 caviatesbucala propria opmental poster dlirtat de sradcealveolo-dentare, ta alti be Limba organ musculomembranos de frm conc, foarte mobi care frmenzh pertl inferior levi bac, organul gust olin digest patcp a -mascate degli; gees nouns). fon artictara consoaelr lingua. “Tonsille palatine amigdalle Corgan limfoide cara ia funle de apizare a organismului, pin propre gactare eapeciileHinfopoeticeDing organe dur, implanai in alvelele maslareor cu rl In firmiares ttmentlorin impel marca ol fonetic in artesiare nets (onsoanle dear), Se ene In defn fionomse {separ in apa! devmaslr cate presi ana eran ‘econlucres la ndepiiren emule uni ode digesta cal, . emesis: ae 1 puri de degli dn apaatl dente mail mai fac part: Sm “mandibula “ecu temporo-mandibular; imugeimartntore iba; landelecsbvare; use ba ing se opant n-ne nin “premolars ola -omul ate 2 det empora nie ate Tope sradauperts -ic <4molar. 10 pearcada infront: dics: “ean “mola anid (ni permanent "pe acada nape 4 incsivis ean; {premolar ‘mol 6 pe ord inferiar: inl “tpeemar ‘molt 2. FARINGELE const msclo membranes: ‘epine unce we erin lea respirator cu ca alimentary {teers alneielornHimpal degli in caviateabucala I Fringe ‘pol in esoag spre stomac we face succes (na sulla) cu ecerea feral! insist care patrnde pen fosee nazale, uece pin Taringe, Ternge, wahee, bron spre pms rollin: = ona, “ena usec medi pres organist prin formate infide pe care Tecan faving ae o supra * exer xf care spunde: “eapul primer i, "al potions cereal nid orig, riepnde de usin: “ose nazle: naernge, ifoingle eu efringle, cavii bucale orem lasngl ringing a ipfragele strata fringou de a exterior spre nei adventitia: menband conjunctiva Is exterior, 2 tien scart ch ile constr, acne de steht fringes “anginal rion ca acne de ica faring 2. tunica fron serves ca scl {tnd subconsd 5 ten const ge nfl ie ial faring al ai Waldeyer ows amie ngs palatine: Tinguall hiya fringiont rudiments, asemanitoare lande!hipofizare |. ESOFAGUL conduct muscu meabranos (35 m) prin sre te alimentee din fringe situat posterior trahee i anterior cloanel vertebrate de care este separats prin atee marl ale mediastinal: -aota trac cu ater intercostal “sea niet henlagcope ep vere Cre gt tra, sag singe in aan oe tei soc prod fin pal vere foster er perern a calrcosl7ong kee)” red pj coal (omy ‘oe x mit oy : afrgmatcl (1 cl ‘ -abonal 8 em) 2 forma i clot vannzh in fee de strea de vacuitats fa de dstensiune; +3 prez cone faustate "Lstrntsare criiiondtopande gu esfags 2 strimtoes ronhoaortel (Gath de prezens acre si Bronte: tn 3 dmtoresgragmaict (ave oni ‘iatagmatel, segment dear segmental iar; 2 seta ronda ar woarh atre—ampula pin; Seng ubogmatic -sracaraesolagulul de exter spre interior: {Ladoentifa memibrandconunciva la exten, 2 benca muscular “otra dele: longitudinal, superficial: “eeu profane 5. tunica submucous ‘tne cons bc sero rma a esol abomlnal - vacularizafiec pln ves subnacs naldezola I nivel esfagull Sisal ponte ft sedi varcelor esolagene; realieers 0 importants ‘ata porte renee agus adominl se vars In vena gastric tng ert port ene segura se var prin veel rigs hemaig trode ineriare (vena cal supercar 4.STOMACUL Stomacl(Verviculs sau Gate este poriunes cea mal att a tabu Aigestiv, care im pares speroara contin eotagul, prin intermedi ‘ind (Corepunzatone verebret Dye), iar i prt near se termina 1a sive strdmtor pre capa tut pe ancl dept al verte ty Stomacel waft in ell pram a mari ot peritone cupid Leu gic delimit dee st 9 dog = crn 1 cola mses melon lena arin ance de -constiuie sant “perbedele funcinae- gradu dumper; aren de -contache rela posi opin tara organelor invent, pres abdominal ta indvidlnormostn in staunen vet stomacul gol ate forms ret J aaa wet unde cu dimenstle 25/1278 em g prez din net de vedere anstorm- funcional dou zone 1. porta etal cupende fri corp gate; 2 aibtviaa is penser Impress; “34fenintindere: “corspund adic pecareo ‘open fn intern? Sr caaceit presen glaneor orice Jnl fro potanen superar, atts rlomacalas epee de segmental ‘ermitor coral prin onzontala (re trew prin unghial cade erp -ncope a ast vel rep laa pla ‘ert are tee prin inure unghialar: “nse depresinen sincere ral 2 prior vz capinde antl cana plore CConfgurai steroar divs stomacalie 2p ft pte anti privat putin ns;+ peel posterior ones ino putin in os. “ange: ime dp sou mice curb uti, concn . formats din? segnenie o segment a lng, cu die vera, care continu margin ‘Graphs eotagull ne “ema ca ime wen ee “oc Ge ec nie cle segment est mascat deo depresung anc “ince ghed Gnpentant clin adil); Charge ting su mares curd gest ra ag dec a ep “Forest de la magne stingh» eofagullcu cae formeaz un lung aout ane nut incurs cade (argh ti). 2 ont fi expr: gr stomacul sa come circus) orf ner por ‘cul, priest spe reaps sus nape are Sr angie: “ine dnt plo are oreumscte el Dimensanile stomacali stare de umplere moderat hangime 25 em “Tipe mainte cele cutbur 1 em "rome ne ce dot pei 8m. gob 18/710" ‘Capactte stomaculal: 1300 ca? modifi palpi exemp stenoza pce), apoutelestomacutis, fie antrart “pens trac, Scope dafagm spine! spunde: ~enateler3 67,8, 98g “Spuilor intercostal espctive medial fafa vera a ob tng lat pail sear Traub ‘efinet in ised ejune cao aot cu cnvextatea in bho shape stingy stunts pe paren anterioad a bazet eloracela sting: “anode carats: Aime spit: cre cusped dea inne tne cxtente vesour3crgll 8 cosa ng Xm ern sun 1 tng co gt ‘vel i tu Tinta ined rin, sopreneitt de pores drat cna sng, copia te exemtfie’he inveterate enter call 8 ental ing leseenats aoa scone Nis nate nonegese re feblogil erganelr via dina “ines “on =e ppt rm pe sn pin rn hone none om mad: oper i ie» nt bul tt ta ting Ee eal rpor u pret sbi ante. fon de anh a gh Late orgie ing re cmt igs mages epi merge eins 8 sca Siuries infevoat tis care snee carl cal 9 dept eral coal ae Spx rien pe tnt 4s ccurburi mn r= Sabi = fe pestis fomenas pert etre A bust menial pn ‘ice aeavietn apo rete boa Fomor Specie cop pcre ‘Si plows cere pe magne spies a panes “Pohl sper al chang orators tng ape gt» pin “nck reve rnc tone docenl tree rateStrctor stomacel: plat fanfler sal ~ de eervora aimentelor, cu evacunre ‘neuter . ‘de digs asgurat cde sucul gastric dela etre spe interior exis ani =o; “mecala “mca ~pentoneal ioe pe fj postesonl a fad gas unde stomacul ‘ert a pel deagmatisting formant persone de toma organlenvecnae ment i Hgamental gasteocolc: ligamenta gastollena alte forma personae: lgnnenalgastopancreati ligamenta enogastec sat sures pr dent cornet pest cares aplics eras tunica mmselet {re planus de ine: Suc, forma in free nga, ‘loi, format in fred care Orgroat Is nivel poral {eemean8tncterel por) orfnd, format din free ole (ono), esrcteristice doar Stomaculi tunich muscslird constie aparatul motor activ al stmacull care resize “| epostares aimentloringerate; 2 amestecarenalimentelor cu sul gat pad ce se formenz8 un meses nam chim gst 3 potnn lent nore a chu din tomac in dode, ine “unit adecwat pent elctuarea digest intestine ~rellacant mit “Tpit = realize repartee confnta stomacall in mod ‘galiie perp lal riser “rant contnaare elo perstoie; “felizeard evacuate tomactli ted in ‘Enon pce ining estes poral + tunica submaconsts formats din ys conjunctive eaten “eonpine vase, tenia nervonse; “loa eros ebmcoe Meine. permite aptaea mucsse gases ‘modi deforms ale tomacsls nigel caste de mascaltars. eprenn proape mise din gross tall perce gastric; presnispincpala components moray funcional a pert asic ol ‘te etd: gland compu #fandubl secret sucu gastric care onjine opin acd li ands price st cardale aboreaza secroa mucost 2 snc ne: printecelulee epee supralas i printe cule ‘pte landsar se gases ele endocrine como aegertainey ‘ce agertafine elborera Stn, lle nile nun depontare de ertoind i opaing elite smilare clor'de ip A in. pancrenr sorts eghuago lle Gn repiunes plc, sce gastrin 4. rr apse cfein, ico 4. protect pepe - macs ipllel autadigsti ciate ae ane bce, ele cele a cron au propia fg. tania mucous are stucturt complex ‘Component ll de supra “prt ld rept dup agua etactesor lor morolgie,glndelegasteie sunt de3 ir = slndt crite produc maces “plindl gsr prop esa principle sau fice cu 3 tp ‘end Paricp in elabraen ftom intrinsec Caste site (copeptce preduemuces sme de ipa pep, Patcip in elaborars factor inti Cste ladle poi -mucoide, gio cae prod urn.> hpertanciaseetoviea stomaculi “ers cali sul gare =hipeseoic =o apa gues Hr + doinaaren sere gs pa inne) iia pa de cd bdr pepsin: ‘b,componeta fact, carnal = spoil ine piel de supa st line glande. pans La musculara mur (ce ald nie mugoash 3h Submucod i avorzeacdevacuces confit glandele), * Vasele nevi stomacul Arte: font representa de amu proverite din munch lc area hepa eae tern gai teats merge mates pulorll ure pe ca curbs ‘er gastoduodenall. emte_atera_gastoepipoict “rcpt ce ck pemaea curbs gat tera splenic cated hea gastroepiplok stings coboars pe mates curburd: eee gsc scare tee prin figamentalgasuobenal ‘sgh andl stomacus tere gut tings “Nir pin ligamenta gatopanerestic tungen eplunescardicts bork de lung ub mick nest rere rina eee arterial al mc urban prin anastomoza alee crore istrie reste sn tera pai) Peccal arterial al mani corbri, format prin anastomoza airy etoile rep inate hepatic) ng (3 aera splenic) {i veseularisjn soon mal partps rte cadet ptriae darters spleic “fale sete din tera Splenic “Sin arade poms rams distal tatoror tne. Venee se ormen din rfl caplarealesubmvccasi “rat primes pert pate “sean in vuberou apelin truchiucoletare care sunt dspuse de fungal eclor dows coburn de aru eerie sev in So por ect ee gat dep gf sng “ivattuani = en guste depts vars in vena erento ole gure sare sunt tbutare vent spence. snaslomozee “Interior one es-gastrc: “inte veele ogee entra ew superiors aueng gst ingen por, “la nivell ft postercoreafundusuli gat (extraperitonel) Tales’ oa amstomors portocars(estemalvenclor ‘abpentoneale Retz). Linfaticele 9 9g orgies din ma male rfl: mucost, submucoas, muscuoast fisubseros de unde sjng a celector eto disput in el tai dai coe prope eens is gangon pacar ep 2. ganglion parson tng, 5 ganglion mi curbs 44 ganglon mar era 5 gangis wpa 6 ganglion ratplcc stain exe grape anglonare (ce ganglonorscundari 7 ganglion sree coronae paste {ganglion arei bepotce comune, 9 ganglion tranche elie, 1ibgengon ia splie 1. ganglion ster plenie aia inglobea cine grup panglonare cea ganglion "2 gangon din amen hepato duodenal, 15. pangioneropanereacl, 14. ganglion dn rginen vaslor mezenterice superoar; 15. ganglion dels rgines ater colce medi, 1. gangond si de angal sot Inercafia provi in nero (Be paresinptice) pen eie (Gormeaes plemtperiaterisle dete 9 conn att fibteaernte, <8 sensitive simpForma somacullsubviianle a schema V.Papilian) 1. ponies card, 2 ere) cardia, 3 nczare caval; 4 fund ‘homeculu, © compa stomes; perfumes porek foot di: 7 [rut plore #8 canal pry, plonat ev 10 nln orc 11 ‘nical plore; 12. pornen supeioara a duodenuliy 13. inure ghia “Canturl schematic a somaculu al duodenal (chem V. Papin) 1 ecofagl empl epreni so antral erd) 2 datas pores tdominalt 2 eslapulul 4. incre cadlciy 5, pertle anterior al Slomacul 6 pereele posteror a stomaculul 7. curbura mare; 8 lexars Aluodenojgunalt, 9 fnceral antrula 10. porgiunes ascendents a (fuedenalas TL jejunal 12 porganea ogzortala duodenal; povfanes descendents; 14. innara.plrch inferoai, 15. incurs ‘Rowenopilorictinfioarts 16 porsunea superioara a duodenl 17 Indus daodenoplock superar 18. iczure poh superar 18. incurs unghilar; 20. cur mick u Ln iterupte sunt indicate ‘ane duodenopoce si gnfl pore. Astereleslomacu le duodenal achems dupa V.Paplian) 2. truncal alg area gases tgs 5 rer splenic 3 ram pence ante gastrin sure; 5. arter astroepiploca tang: 6 area fhsrepipoict reap 7 ares panceascoduodenala superar 8 tee pasroduodenslay 9. atera aupreduodenal 10. tera hepatct prope 1. atera gat drape 12 stra haptic comin Veneestomacala chem dap V.Papillan) 1. ena port 2. ramara ot deaps 3. rama el stnga 4 vena gti ing vena gastro dept; 6 veel ase scust7. vena pli 8. ‘ena gistcepploick singh 9. vena mesenteric inferourd 10 tunchia ence merentercorpenie 11. vena gstoepiplolch dept; 12. vena ‘neste auperioarh5. INTESTINUL SUBTIRE este porns cuprines ne stamens gots “in pea umdate a inestin ube se face iti instal arspares= sculls; scl pancreatic i. -fiaza cen mai ipa, singur indispensable digest? tot ln ser nivel se efecteazh ass 1 nceste fini i pris intsinlat subfre anumite diractere smotolgice: Manges bl conser nie 25. 1 410 m; ‘etic 3m, daptarea couse pent elzzea absorb "plctoraree macoeso “prezena ator. lintel - wales poi “alla esc pain point oa 3 some porn ink duodenl * pornes ah )eunl eon oe 1. DUODENUL “duodenal se deosebete de unclean pin nave Gobind seeanda) la pertle abdominal posterior prin enbder, “reroll importate cde oko: ctl panei. Forma duodenalis eaceamind cu un sginent de cee anu cs 0 potest cu concaiaten “lenat moe ape tings; “In concaitate patrunde apa pancreas “partindporton : prt sapere ie de agg duodenopiorc pnt la coll ‘ese iinet mat lrgh dest restart; se mal ‘umest ub duo, Th porfonesdecrdenl ung Ie extreniaten inferior a inch dept TH prjines orn x nr efntnde pn pe ancl sting coloanel verre IV. porns sre uc pe ancl sting al verter Ly rsportat la colana verbal, ait extramtates niall, eit cea ‘ermal se ice in veiatate Vertebdlor LL oat es forma Ir V: ez cae porianeaovzontalt pret su te eure eds nda an eae evar st ste Dimensunie duodenalis hinge 25 em:- 5m (pete) Situarea doodenal aul profund pleat pe ohana vertebral “Gmupes sau ennclonl Wanner Se prosecen in plgastr Tan onal Rapoartee duogenut [reser nae capa pancresu; 2 ddan, panel dct cleo frmeass un complex de ogane ‘strane reli aatomice si funconae, Shonte acs te pane vin In taportposterior cu fascia de coalescent ‘etroundenopancenties Tz: ‘Timezone tagavers tale porns descendents a duodenal, ast ‘SC parte a enganul eat supramezoolie arate subrnerecolc Sleanepfia prin! porn, duodenl este evtrapertoncl, id copes ‘ea anfear de prone! pari 2. JEJUNUL 1ILEONUL porfanes de nisin site cxprnas inte Sexure duodeno earls gi ala eoceal “legate peretle abdominal possi pla mezenter (num gt tesia ‘enti “edeoseejte de ode prin: Tung jnal sonl 98 56m kang): sumaral mae al -cuarloe, “anselor ee compan obit, fanyona= sort cul nest; “he se completa digesta g se eects absorb. descr 16.16 ase itestinale- prime orzonale ojnale) “heel vertical el),1 ist dma (verted Mec ete wn apendice care se glseste {a 80-10) cm de valvuln eocwala, repreentind un rest al dtl Stratus intestinal sie: a mee ne anc eros (pectonel) : partir prima jmdate 2 porfun uperoae ete inven itregime dp * pettone; nro este opertencl, intestinal find acopert Hoar pe top ‘terion 2 tidicnn mezocolanultansversinretseportanes descent ar Inezenterl teas porianenovzonalt 3 uoderulls 23. portal din vce duodenu formesz8 4 recesur (ost). Ena suber puct de fesut conjunc lx care dublenat peritoneal ea rh “repress aparatl motor atv Pinal tate dopo iu “amestcaes conn intestinal (cial cu sucuse intestine “progresiunes mares intestnle kai din? sat mele nl exterior fibre longudinale “interior fire cele efectezd mig complete: so imethsegmentre Ce eesti prin contacin enerich rapid a fiselor rele ‘ii polar: produse prin ecutaressratullJonglteina intrun Segent iat wnat de elenaes pas ‘Fp sees mic segments cu cle endl easiunt ritaen eprint decom esti. mie once oslo internet, neperidic ale ons vestnal; "Se produc pe toa indore intestinal “Yavonseach ean unl contact inte vot chim conti la progresatea conn io patie “relate de ele2statur musculare; “produc progresanen cont intesina- =p mr pacer “ormesr82 ree sptlte-submcoash; user ves rol de impedicare a migcioraniperistalic, tunes aubrmucoas: esl conjctvelastic “pert aluncaen mone pe muscles: | Foemeazs axl conju al piior circle; cone: vase sangule; ase limatice er “plex Messner; foleul iol “plod Bower: onsttle carctealhstologc een al duodenal Sergisos in porn superiart 9 descendents pn papa mare Thiam canal exetor lung care stibate mucoasa se | ‘eschideintroglnd Likert Secrofe continua nici asin 2/5 gronmes pert “ormat i= component pita pl de epi “spl lander (glandele Liberkh), ‘ovion eel reveal a setae pile drealareKekring oie sina; ie ginal dere Pe paren, medals pertlul posterior a porfni ‘escent ‘eterminata de reer prin peretle duodenal 2 ductal teleos parent; Tn extremiates inferior «pli eglset o proeminentt ‘nar pls dudes mare pe ca oe desi “ealeocul = ductal pancreatic Wisung 13m mai su, pe pln lengltudinala, se ghee pple “deal ic, pe aes deschide dtl pancreatic acter lic oft soiae “prepa mi pile ever6 INTESTINUL GROS 4 down porfiune » Intesinlat care contin etstinal subfine ge “decchide exterior pln onl anal “Sree dea eu deta de a7 cn egg de 3.35 ot terminal conjar intestinal sbjiecn ors : “acimpartetn:n eee: colons .cecuL * poranes nil, Ee geste nfm acs deapt; “ae el este lgatapendicele_vermiform, un segment radimentar teasformat organ anol, de 612 cn, cu dere ei 2. COLONUL porune Intestin gros euprins nrc get nmin ola ascend ‘ll ranean ae sequent sepa curt ela Ox “ers col eas “mates dap sting: “ial ngs aman tng “ewua coe stings clonal scents “lal ig pt vasculrzas, se impaste oll dr rer enero superiors "Surin: = cco arcendetl Renura Repack colon tansvers; “jumstnesdresptaclors tansvers. cll sting: -artera mezente infers “Sapo. = juan tangs a caonutl trsvers “haa epenich x otnull answers ‘ola descendent folotl sigmoi erent ites sbi ros 1 neta aos ce mat soa 2Dintesinl gros are un men alla 1 inestil gros aro ageare azefic mal x. parca moraogic “emi colon 3 ben mata “hurl clonal poral bombate spre extra le pect Intestinal ron “pendceleepiplae csc roa nivel eile Stroctrsintsinat’ gro {Lanicaseroad (prone rat ues conjunc 2 nied mescalar att longitudinal extern, “stat cies intern ‘sigur ntaten iestina prin mig Sdeamestecnte, “pestle Strata ubmacos: conn: vase -sangue: limite, fi ai soa “tunica macoat:- mai gras: rare pli cular; isi inet pli Foyer ane: lane Liber otc fat sole lina porune intestinal gros; contin colenul sigmoid (liopelvian), coboart prin pelvis, stabate ering se dsclde la exter Pin ars ite porn. =p ra hang, args ampalarctals co “Serezervor al mater fecal nant de efecsie; “perineal ngust gia seu canal anal “conduct cv olde evacuate ANUSUL este cecal prin care rc se deschide a exterior, “situa in pesiaul poster In profane fall interfese,rainten ‘esa1M. ANEXELE TUBULUI DIGESTIV = plandedipase a ang taal digests, “Secs sucure digestive necenare transforma alimentlr. Sa 4. GLANDELE SALIVARE “¢ + glande care produc salva cae se dechid in cvitatea Bucs; dupa volume impart: Fi 1 lane sare mi: ghine spine fn submucosa bea edesctit» landelabialelsbuze, lands bocale: glandemolare a bra Hane palatine vel pla ue ‘moa; lade inguale 2. landcare meré ‘ecate nna avi cae acest i vara produsl Innes prin interred unoreaale excrete, a planda parotid: Moen mal votuminose; “hua sub conduc ait ete snapola manda “st ints exavafie mami os etromandbulrs; “Canal exestornumit ductal paroiian sau cond Iai ‘Simon 2 lands submandibular stat sub plngcol bucal, ino Lot osteo fbroset, format de mandbuls facia cervical superteias cual exeretornumit dct submandibular sx nla ai Wrthon «lana sblingual: cea mal mic "shut no bling “ne un canal exretor principal su coma a ath “mal mute cana acoso sau alle Rims 2. FICATUL organ glandular vital (isrugenes sau extspanes Ia total determin ‘monties) ci func muliple ji inportante in economia gene a organi provine din piel nse duodenal intestinal primar; oles lari exer Ozcare interne I proces de “igs prin emulstonarea grime maple metalic. fatal ete organ etabolicnportat “ater metabelian itermedar a -gucdeon, proeinelor bp. etic organismal ansornind une bane txice in ‘ompasi neo pe cae liming; Sintetienes protene plasmatic pntecae uni facto ‘gal eat pinegte-eingeateia Sing inset cu princi rutrtive inferior rplor digestive abominale pan vena pore. sctvtile nlite ae tl eolits 12% ein coneumel general de ‘onigan al organ trae din dba de bosrcere venoae instil dept provin din ‘ene epatce (1.500 mlfmin In condi boale) ls asres din fea ngele din verte hepatice are 4" 00-2400 gel mal gre vse, em in sen taneverel» hg): em (inserts rive ol rep 8m fn sen anteroposterior = gine) lumi varars in fun de da Ia embrional de hi, are o retate opal 8 corp TE adult greta organulit report Ja. greta forpulaieste 1/3 Tabet, Seat se micyorezt dato ato senile prelate ma mare la bisbat cent de abe confi: eal este organ inns vesclarzat,dimensunle gi _reutates Iai vor f condionate de cantata de singe pe Sroceine fiat met in nsfcenfelecrcuator cid "sngele ene cave progeesaza gre: ah compesir pe vena cai ineioaa «feat ine in compres pe vena port vor amin sportl sanguin a eaeprow dedi impul igetel fatal se mates probabil dott ual de singe: ste ptlgce Sea ona aida bentor de jot as Care strangulena prenchimal “Int in cove Ripertofice 2 Situarea fatal: . pe fet epee njnstaten despa a abdomen “tin sfert se peste n jmtaten slang a abdomen “ooupis poco deep “epigstal ‘imi arte din hipocondral tng. prune adie in concevaten fragmal fle i stomacul, ee ‘anim spatial interest dept Fpaaia in etl eypramezoclic oc jet or cole gt mezoclonl ansves; inte ater postr - pete coespunaitor a abdomen “brea rset bola dinragmatis ia con lca gst, = proc oes patie: Su plan etree prin spiel Vineet dept: jo: Plan oraonal are twee prin vertebra Diz “ea plan soit tangent a peel racic “ht: plan sil cre tea em a tanga inl mda Miloacle de fcare ale ats yrs hon MMprtl clastic al slorilte orgeneabominae (stare de plenitude & ‘ecrclor abdominal cavitarecondiionent menfinerea tu je cy ow ifr: -ese apt itn de coloana vertebral “endl supraheptice we var in CT eat Testud de acest vend. - forma prone Tigemertal coroner, “igamontle rghare rept (si psin importa Sg at bane evident confine vena “atagmatic interiors tig) = gamete falefor face epics inte fla datragmatch a fat cuff inferoars «dafagul poeta abdominal anterior: ligament ascsorit hepatic panna heptcsticuodnat “igen hepatica igmetlheptorea=anterion osterior. mental mic opipana gastrohepai); rat fre, care eng partes psteriar8 1 foe dittagmatie de datagm. feat se gn tmp epi: -coboura in inp Seren exp Conformafia enterica fatull veut ovoid lena transversal sefonat de un pln ble dea reap lastinga sid josinsus 2 ee difrgmates (suption®); ices (nero) 1 margine eros atria) fa irri “excep porns prtercarScae ade strdns a pit de game alesorm in 210 nepal rp mal won ‘ig, de dimentan reds, ese convex ptunde a torace,acunsd sub cupola iaeagmatc foe viacrli-plans pest sanpur: impress praie: se elzea un dsen moro saforma ere" 2 an sgl lingam, coin igamertal rotund ptr, confine hgamentl versa i Avant reps nant, oe veri ilar; pot, nt sarfl VC14a trae sng ilar spouts hepatic; “gt cele 2 an sage, “conn lemontte edo hepatic: “ovteioe: fon port; Sa “ater il stra: ona hepatic Inland despa: cal * patie panel al anterior ater Iepatica propre; vale imfatice saul deimiteazt pe fla visceral ei lb dept hepatic, lob pata sittin foes wericult ir Qa dreapt} ffl gamentall rotund Wa sting) il hepa (psterion ob caudal ud Spgs tea por posers 4 lobual stng hepa ita stnga snus igamentli ‘enor al fui Arantive Struts fcstalie Sampo -sroas; expla boas “sul hepatie Set vce eee ot ma mae pane “into, excep arian ‘rol son esl conjunc Ix care doen fa profane a pestone Capea raat Sorkin peste incon otlhepat ‘ie plang conjunctive pacenchiral hepa Tn nivel ll angle une format patter mami plasa ied Pllrunde in fat insoind came ven pore, aren epate ‘afar bie nabepatice, pecan le mbracin ec persae, Temalar formessk rp ras peas prelungete pink In spaile pore, fomind som eoyhactol su (find ena in sma concious sailor pot se desprind sea ont wai ae ssn ne bi hepatic Festal hpavie: mat ramet conjunc -hematopeietc: “reticle ‘re mirginete ceili sinusoid preci apatie:- prin orgaizaren mortalogics i uncial, fost exe organlobulat Inbal pte orat din psec bata nel van centrale (cenlobulce, ekimita a poner prin in convensonale cae ‘uns ne le sae prte Kieran pail Lnerobular care con: 3) xmifail times vent porte iterabules) rer heptieinterabulr) “ana det io ielobulr ana as nate nett n stroma glisorana ®)incomponenta asia woratoorle ment Nasculze perobulare: Errsobulare cpitil; tale peda: dubs rejen vascular peoular: races -arterlor terobulre in rer hepatic ‘eneloe inelobulae (in vera por). in acente afi plea cpl sie ssl inter apd snasoide “eu disponiieraciars “capsid nechluie lr celle hepatice; “ire perepi caplarlor sinusoid pi amele clulare epatce ests alt spi inguste,ramite file Die; Iterpretae ca spapi precapilare, ce valoare de capil nai Sih pettle coplareor sinaside, endottial este “conto confine restate Kaper (leant reticulondotelae) - represn local de jonctne por-arterala (nize singe fapetonal, neoxigenat, pod gi singole exigenat adus de asters hepatic) ver even iu ceil obull ena cetaceanrere din conten eplrlr sires: endl cenvlabulre prices bul, pa baa or tee ‘encle sublobulate cae e unex formes venele hepatic tubutare VEL a —elometl epee “elute hepatic hepato “gezate in eordoane radiate namie cordoanle Rema; forma poled: su elapic A Mose engine (vin fn sport nal sau mal multe Eypare Sams svar conn a ele= seria intr) — plu Talal Mar se gAses ine fel adacante a 2 celle i Sat confinal in ele seein extra) = oa Tr —ekmentl bier “lle te: spat eh porte props, delinitate de hepaoctele ‘srdoelor hepatic: pletle ire se nu Job se anastomozeszh spe priferin bulls “Ascnagterela eto rable eng (anal ca pee prop); nace ialcbulcese doch call itil ez in ‘pale pore) Paral intobulate triit bla prin cama fie spre call epi dressing. »capllazl ize sunt ie ire erate care rma mod de ali a ves porte rere hepatic. Vasculaiaia haul: esl ae dbl elope sanguin: ati sigur apt de singe hrso, gat in ongens "hngle ee: dus do artera hepatic (am din runci cela; cons prin vente hepatic in VL exalt sgarts de vera ports "Nem port aduce single Inert cu substan: ntsive “Serb a ivell sepmentlreabulu igs sping tl profcresza at deporieas acest subtane: Single secon tal dope tot pin veel hepatic. sistemal vase al eat ete format din 2 pial: ‘fee (issn sau inkeri: Steal de spore format dinates hepa; vena port “tl hep wacel aie: “eri cane lees pedo hepatic feet epson: allele de nosrcee: fora la vel hepatic. Segmenares fat oe buzeal pe disposi: -podiculh portaly ‘vencor heptice I.segmcitare dpa pdicolat portal seen amc vere pore (are ete nog de amici ates Inepatce pale canaelor bir) atl ae: ele = principal sings: Carp bidet ing segment" anterior poster media = Seubsegment- anterior: - superior Tinks =porieron“auperioe: isleoe media supeioe, Tinks, tater superior ‘aren Scirus atu: sunt plana separatoaresgitale; ‘principal: impart aa s ab det ab stng. 2 tanga Imparte oul sting in gent ei (pres ui inferioar conespunde bul pra) segment inte; fire segment are propria a pedal ilo-vascla “sivetunea ese! ram in pedal serena in ram superior {tate lnlerior permite mpiiea eer sepmentin 2 suspen super, ~infrin:drape parte ob rep hepatic segmental ante Spent posterior ae Aiea scent ate propril li pic bitowasculr Civitan ec! rus in pedi sogmentae in am supeio ram inferior permite lnpjieafecruleegmentin2auepmentc Taper: “ner 7 ‘segnentereubasat pe isposite veel hepatic: apa pica ferent Fiesta npitinSsectore «det cape ting. ee hepatic sn sue in plana ele 3 sczun hepatic desis: ‘Leena pation dap seal nseiura portals dress ‘enenz snarl pt ora segmental oa tir java seentl poral ater. 2 vena hepatic agit Spratt in seizara portal principals, ‘Shope single disco ml forma ine al seta prt anterior, “Segmental otal mel Scena hepatic stings Stat sua portale singh: TStrenenchsectrd sling format din sgwetul portal nerd (conepuncstor bul sng asc "ob ual nu aparie nici wn sector: eae sferents independent reprezentat de es heptice mic cares vars rect VCL 3. PANCREASUL finda salivrtabomial bla vere: exter oom neregulat- tocar: “echer de implae aig imi de cine, - aplct pe pestle posterior al hdomenal cu o curbur posterioart eli esti deecal de opie sa migeaea gonad tn tralectl eh din epnenlombark pn ast, ciple: ecop alt lombar sa iia: fer: epi devine terior, otra tesclul = cumucdmal beena scree de tester la puberlate(cauzeaza ‘impor sons stent), Fanical spermatic: “lind care suspend testicull, “nveltin3 writ ‘intinde dea cap elds a nea ghia peofund fenmat die eal dierent aera een eam sin artera vezi Inferionr so din aera bemavoldald mice, em spermatic fam din 30) Sarr far ea din area epigastric fet eos entor bur vane cave In dreapta vee! renale In stings pl ces pastero (utr vent epg); pengion iti ‘ume Clu, vestigial anal petonen-vaginal. 2 PENISUL onal opto masclin car serves ainsi; “Stel inniciane conve tetra spongions) are 2 pores i cing pou (ascuns in ernen; ‘mobil crap, care se termina oi glow peu, ‘tremiateniberaacoperi de preetin. ‘Stectrapeniul nel pls Tunis dartos: “Tasca superfcia: “sca pofund, -ovgne ee -coxpul caveros; erpul spongion ett: duce a lange, ngogaes, trv, defomare ‘accep iaintes abdomen eomen ves (asodlatajaaerelor cu sta28 oncoatentsinvasel din cop cavernog favorizat gd ‘ontaga maj perineal care ingreanea rea ‘ingen la vel persul eondiionat pscsv gaclre const in eliminaren scadatsic aspermeis ‘fala, namai cone! gandus fanaa land soci eu cea ¢prepuill "fimo, sngetea onus prepuia care Improdia. dezvelie giadall grea Se renfimoa, aciunea forth de mobikzare « prepupi fimoic 1 ‘roger acetla napoa land rd ca seta 88 na poath frgs peste gland |. VEZICULELE SEMINALE ‘ + situate desupea prostate, ne veioa urna rect, In Yes ‘conjunc lope pelisabpertonel, ol secrete, onfbuing a proces Heh seminal;« eserves acy kil serelat de conducele spermatic. 4. PROSTATA organ peli, situ sub vena rir, jar porn 2 tree in prostatic rol gendula “Tat di oi Inter, drept sng despit de un ganf median ‘est de usr prostatic Strectur prostate: ‘Som! conunctivo-mascuard care fortes o capsular s twit spre interior separ ce inpart paren in bul porns sandal format din 2p de land: ‘)pesureae, 1) prostatic propris-ie secret lcd laps, fi 9 tulbure care ‘gunk mbites spermatozoa “hie eng de prota (adeno) perce Gnmlie landsor: hee ie glandcon, 5. GLANDELE BULBOURETRALE mui gl glandle Cowper, ‘Suate in perineu prfund, ny unghial dine bulbs) penisu gi Segmental embnance al ete 1. APARATUL GENITAL FEMININ Indeplinet ane de produce; “ala di gan eile aerate in mic bn Troe 2 gle sexual care produc cluele sexe feminine, ove: "abl ipl) trv: undese produce fertlizares; “conde ol erlztn ter era nga principal al gestae “hele dezclh ol cundst pn devin 8 agin, gern ne fete expulzt la masters: pup genesis exten: rap ese paar ac gine ance leapt genta sande mamare (unl din ‘Stacerse sexu secundare fini) tube ern, eral vagina alte ie pei 1.OVARUL ongan pereche, lana sexual emi care determing caacterle sexale fance:- cern, produce ovale ends esta hormorior:-foeina sa estrogen, tena su progesteron. vale unt aezate in mil asin, nfozeleovarine state deo parte deals s ute rect, sb origina aslo ilceextere since ‘oval, ubee ligament large cute pertoneale patrulaere intinse fe In marge urls Ia peep tera al excavapil pelvene) sant ‘ume declncen anesle teats “oval prez 2 fe -medials; taal 2 mangn anteoas -2esomitptobarse supra aru est net pin ln pubes “presint nig proeminent date de prezanya foteulor in perooda de feritate: scope de cca elt in voli ‘copplloe gabbana ema n vari.Stra ova dea supa: pis 2 Foctpcnjnt TK meng stuns cena im cae se gist: pl enjunct iw flce muscular netde vase sanguine, re servos, cll eres bing nical tat perfor care conf ati sre! In Siena de vole ° lca rian (00.000-50,000 la aster “fat iar at andr “Fc tear ete Gt ups orange fete nes “Svinte gop copa ule mrss cae = nar in cae nn pesionda de ‘Gat dele puesta menopsa pete exist 1 es “irs co te formes dae ctl est eae Fe npr an de sare evolu compl flben determin center nto bh ‘Vasculaiaia vara: “Svea gut des asters ovvind ram din oe “faml ovarian din artere wel venoas- vena ovis reaps vane im vena avira: “yene ovarian tng vars n Vena renal ting. Puna endoring a ovarl: Se instance puberate pn climates (menopauza); “Se desttoar au depends rman gonadotopl hipofiza: conto de ator hipetalami onmor ovaien: * estrogen secret de tence flelar ‘produsi continu, dar nivel Tor sanguin este vavabl ‘nim last cl ined cu mest) “cere pokferares canalicular progesteronul—consiutes acini =eretor ipotiza:aciune indies pen ell ova Ines ormon adenotpaszu, prolactin Thorman newehipofiar, actocina— contacin_ celielor rinoptlale din eset slveoelr sl a ducer excetoate > Sito np‘JESUTUL NERVOS. NEURONUL, CELULELE GLIALE SI SINAPSA. ‘Fesutal ners: & se forma din cole care nu diferent pots ftir de agen onder nase ee : eros w der in caer: [Elude fetus nerver we leg ne ee pin oman mite sia 3 teat in ll nrc palungi tomate r= warn 2a dene = nel mii - Stl tench aren pond pn einai lore mae In lainc strc ogi atl oie geil St Sabla ste even Termine feu eros canal ete impere,repenerrea Sige dedicat celle eoormate sun ical SSI slnnee sora sel cestabien concer avons ee feoselaiat Soules deo prin compatinentares sin tetra Ein lente sun metabote separate pin membrane [a nvee ‘Sle suber funilenereogc pace sunt lege de ‘Sentra neurone tes Cransportal oroplsmate a cero wane (ave ponte 6 de ip len 3 anal de pri 49s ae a na eon pentru realise unio fadament ale sean nervos Particulate festa nervos: lulesle dvi ua pnd fun a Vila vei intrauterine; (elu dstruse dup acest perosd na pot lonuite a condi favorable ext posibitatea de regenerare a peclungior, dag rnmal in prezeng cele ~oegenerave dn punt de vedere morologs funcional 3 obsovat in pega ~ breloe monoaminergice: “axon clinergel non-miinia “tele neuroseetnt I. NEURONUL tent morbid focal stl ees “prin neuron se nfloge cla nervous uate prelungile “rma nesrom = elt praia, rotund ‘var in uncie de numa pretngior unipolar hipelan: “lil. din pune de vedere al fonci -mto eget de soins, sear neuronul pall pertain prgirte neon A. Conpl ear format in Solent arpa conie “orga comune poco “Semple Cole “cen ella (in celle tne “gmc glen sate ur, abundent in celle “inbitrnte; negra ss mala nt in une celle nga speci: orc Nid reprints retical endoplasic rigs oui ant amante fe curl de suport de cence: wou pict in procul de exclabitat lc 2 axonal fn plasara protinelorsitetzate vel coop cer ced statin centr enn al mull cot “hembra psn, de nturs ipopeotec in punt de vedere fron esol pot Maro ipl eros de In cnr ope pei afta osc Tv nwo! fren “Space coma anterior al miduvel pings cle nee ol unc eer ~ termina Tor se fc in chil sits form de oc ‘note (oem funn apa pet epi cre pak ‘Seta fear menasnr eit rem excita ela perferi pre ere ners ant won ae “nepal lor, receptor sensed se face sub forme varia pci pentru un anumit ip de exci 1 tmnt ees ie Se geese inept osuti; ‘ecepioneazd inp durerose 2 corpus tt se sec nib epider. | erp soit trial icp fesutlconjneti 1 corpus terminal Kose se gst in pele sl unle mucose; “rapioneah excl de fg 5. erp i se gsc la init dine pce est subetanat in ‘nel nese eecepionead ud 6 earpuscl at Mason 7, erp Vater Pai “eset in piel, te ple ffeil subcutanat parte sorte ecepfiones exci bare de presane 1 eomeie de recptionae 2 ssi prod sensbiltaten ‘muychor gi tendoaneon: “fst muscular “anal endian, nero vege care sunt laa in rape neuron din scl vegeta gd tuber cneeum: “neuron din ale eeu bulbo pone pedancular “eur ganglion vegeta “heuron vegetaiv din pee viscerlor, 4. neon de sect (terion) se alt Ine neuron) motor gi xk 1B pretgiie aeeronaet lett ee revoase “prin cae crea inl neve Pertip a formaresnervor peer Clr de conducere ale seul nervor con 4) doritele = prebungi amifeat, sipete, care conduc ill ‘norwos atre corp cele; 1) anoma (index sau neurt) = preangie uni, celulifuga care fondue infusal nervos de It copel clue spre extemiaten st ‘terminal. Aton se impart In 2 ate cfr mile “fe aan Mocrosopi te iting 8 catgor de le Te fre nervoase clin “i teach Swann an ubstan lb din xe: inmiduva spin ‘cated Sehwanna. nner cramie pina banner vegeta bre nervose fies link "Ves fend Schwan pe cen sa ales Remake Dinner wegen 2. tara tac Shane -chsfcaen pect Saolgiceuprinde 4 categor: 9) fb mote, bra cenatos, fib enc fle vogetatv rcepoare pL motor M.NEVROGLIA orgie ectodermal ca fatal nerves; olde -ssfinere a elles Selon nevoase, “nie folate ale componentlorsstemulu nerves ct descr me par er race aft malls in substanja alba sistema erws enl igor w 3B atin substan cane ct inca Sse nerves, = nicreti ale lc Son (evr istmull eros periferi) Sinaps: mtuctrk specialist care sisal contact (contgsitte) inte euro ne neuron clue efatare, pur so-so face contact ne ternal axonice ale na ‘euro diet cs pecan alt neuron Todor face contact rtre un akon so densi te nivel inact are oc tanamiterea insula news, pein intermedia mediator chim,sins este alt in 2) meron pein noes, ce confine vezlcule cu mediator shim ‘) membrana psi ends sa corp celular, cae cig vezcule ©) Spa care separ ele 2 membrane : ‘SISTEMUL NERVOS CENTRAL . Impreunt cu stemal nero periferc acti sistema ervoe al vii de rea (stl never cerebrospinal). ‘Stem ervor ceneal este reprezentat de organle nervowse situate in ern, car, in flan, alcutene enol dint Organ ‘ervos adapt in onal medular~ uve spn | MADUVA SPINARI ste segmental sstemulut newos central cont in canal rahidlan. Are forna uns clindru ajor tuit antero-posterior superior, fda spine se contin, fk delimitare event cy Bulbul rau, [i nivell arial ecptoatlatodiene, lr inkrior corspunde eee dea doua verb lembare ae confi cao peeangie, lla ira, Snconjurat de ulti ners ahidient ge alse snl de cll care se termina nivel verter! a dous cocaine ‘Configaraia interna a medvel spo: Pevsecfiane transversal, se cbse dspozifia clr 2 puri de substan Adin care eat aes mv pind Subaterfa comme ath di eau nervous 1 fine narvone pare cae Fe orl ater, motor, “ermal trio, ramure orizontall,mumittcomisre comin intron Cars se aet oll apne, source trl ce cuprind frmaiun vegetative smpatice fi prasinpatoe ube ali “ormata din bre cu mitints “ira sana cen “Timparia prn disor n Ha substan comune cordosne ordna antern, cdo tr “nod poser Prin maduva sping tc ibe ce transport iva agi de I rier 6 care se organlaeaza in ets pore oscil gratis (Ga) 1 fase caveats Burdach trenspors stimult ‘ati sensbltih proprioceptive congtente de machi, terdoane gl aruli et a sensi tactle epee, fascial spinottae aera transport inte duteoase i erice ‘papal pe coe acl ale sna protopatic, “asl! sintalamic anterior tans nce ace, prtopatie ifescclulspinocerebelos terior erat a Tl Gowers) transite Sensitateaprfunda ncongtint, a cerebe pin punt, “reckcalal spinocerebetos posterior (et a ht Festi) tansite Incl de In mugchil mombrelor polvine sia) trunciah, adick sensiliaeaprofurds incongtint pre corp esiform cerebel, osu ectospinal anamte efiele pce 920s esciaalrabronpnal transept de a eeu rop (creel ln ‘omarion din aus focal elivorpinal, eticalopin! gi vetinlorpinal steele ‘ftrapamidale gti nesta) “ssclle pial diet reap wars impulse mice HLENCEFALUL xz neon stat na rezencellcunoscte sub mee de trun cerebral als pune, CSonbe Gienetal, “ifn cerebral TRUNCHIUL CEREBRAL = porsunes sistema nervos central cae face leptra inte maura pnd glencef buLeuL substan cena este ales din rude ehivalen 9 nace propemc echelent “Sy eoameloranteoaremedslae: “viscera i oarnelor postescare “eget: - dora al vagal Sy ‘slvar inferie ml papi = gras canes: . ova bulbar. 7 = prin el ee fase de bre alle descendent ascendente Sone contr reflec = respirator (inspirator x expat) “tanto abitr gardioscceletoe; -vagoconsecor vapoitstor, “ativan, “dees PUNTEA (ui Varotio ss protaberan) substan conus aera i cel eae Styotort ner abs (VD “perv aa (Vs “eval masteatr al igemenall (VY). sentinel soot tgemenll, “eget neta ape el prop substan al ene grup fcc descendent escendente; confine centri flea; sslvator superior Feflo comecan: Fell de masta eumotnc -MEZENCEFALUL (eral mio) esp stbitut de apeducul Syvius, care face comuniare. ttre ‘venricull TV enitaten cuprn nte ball, pute gerbe venta I coitatea stat a ive diene npn te eae posterior, cal frmat din tubercul cvadrigomeni “floc clita meme, are coin ‘usta ngs Soemmesing (edule nerwoas care conn melanin), nce opal alti cle ines hell neva rhe, “pve ner eulo-motor, anterior, pla coal ae coi conti refleelo: ‘amin; nna din fre icine si amilinie 2. tc state pura de conugare; {prine inte lol de tite a celor 2 rin de gine veal de Aine ramurlor terminal, ere mint sare conine fibre Senutive, mate vegetative Sram teal ia egies din gra de conjure din dicing, emerge cite un ram cure cae pane in canal rr sincera it Lu are emprte n amr mie anteroaa posterior ‘tml exter rcepionati de organism sunt transmis! la err de ‘tre neri spinal, Scinoscind strbuiaridScivlor nervous, ete wor de determinat ‘ell eventusleor drei ptlogiee “exempius~regiunea daviuark: Cy “rene mamelonar Te “hepa antro inter 3 cospse Li Las Ls Le “repaea pune Se 8s pole Cy, 1. NERVH CRANIENI (CEREBRAL) sunt 12 porech anya once is prin ghar de a baza crani ‘ho opine felt Ia iveal nacelor stan ence so ongine ‘sparen a ivell epi informal nervous le ence: eri motor ale in truncal cereal ser nevis senza pull In gangllon in sfoa cranial ss su inglobat nea nce erin cerebral pot “hcl motor (orgie: uci soi ena aco wept de origins parasimpetc, a er fe elrente se ‘olan anumitor ner eranien) |L.NERVULOLPACTIV ner senza rma in le eceptori sensorial): ‘igines reals In cole rervosse’ in mcoasa laced de la nivelal foeelornzae TLNERVUL OPC ner senzorl ‘riginen reali cule gangionare le reine. IIL NERVUL OCLO-MOTORCOMUN moter pent: muschil dept superion, ‘muschtl dept interior muse dpe intern; smugehil ob mic mugchil itor al pleoape supercar contin fibre parasimpatce ‘rgies reall fn peduncull cera penru Abele parasimptice fn ciel poplar (Edinger Westphal|v. NERVUL PATETIC eis motor pet migchial marele obi; “oxigina rela npeuncul contra \V.NERVUL TRIGEMEN "zat corgi rel in neron din ganna Il Gasser ‘tinea temporal 7 “selmpanein amu “ervalotaic; . eral maar superior “eral mal inferor “totor cu origin in 2 nce “prin nace mastiator din alta panting, conn Fre parasimpatice din ganglonal fale (nella sur ‘area ite id constrictor cae determin ozs), fre simpatie ‘VLNERVUL MOTOR OCULAR EXTERN “hcl motor pentru mogchial rep exter “ongine resis a punt. ‘VILNERVUL FACIAL. nen mit care confine fie motor cu orgie tn calola ponind penta gropele snavcuare se ft Tire sstvesencorile cu origin In ganglion penicltstust fn apeducalFaloppe care inerveazs conduct eudi exter “parte dia pavilion urechi, “gu tel antsone ale fee dorsal nb ‘be parnipaice cu orgies In nile Inrimo-maco-eza s nce saliva superior situa In pune ‘VL NERVUL ACUSTICO-VESTIBULAK cohleo-vesibul) “ery senzvial ca origin eld in nell con (pent a) ucleal ‘estbula (pete meninren ehlbrul) stain sreces interna Ic NERVUL CLOSO FARINGIAN err eit fort di ‘Sbe motor cu orgie tn bub, in nucle) ambiguu, pena ‘mug fringe val palatin ‘ee senciive (de pe snucouss fringe, vl palatin, asa ‘seperal senzoale de apple ustative, fe engine tn 2 ganghont peer: intacranian $i fle parasitic righ nce salvar iefror din bu, X NERVUL VAG (pneunogastte pet mint cue ea mae terior de itu, cupid viscrcle tore gf abdomenull, rma i Fire motor cu igi nme ambi din bulls ibe senaitve cu gine In ganglion ala plforn; bre parasite cu orgie fn nucle! erdhopreun-entrc ainda XLNERVUL SPINAL ner motor are inerseazk mug temo cedo-mastidan grape frignes els in coml Venta al mauve! spins iin bull SIUNERVUL HOGLOS nev mor are ierveaok nig sbi a bi b tigince el 2 ucla in ul (el pen un acceson ‘SISTEMUL NERVOS VEGETATIV (SNV) Reprezntd partes sistemulul nervos care coordneazt funcile ‘organclor interne | mmetabolie, Din panel de vedere stuctural Faneionl, poste ps tml nes egetato snp; Sita nee seat parsing Msjoritatncrganclrprtese at ineraiesimpatc, 9 pansinpatics, . ‘rau aunt aagonie Stra de Baa i angionarea SNV est aca ‘les eget forcast: le teen (ena ‘Sine neuron vecrosnatv ca crpal in ganglion spinal sau cota Gendiia neuronilor vine in contact ca iseroreceptor; oil reo ridcina pterioer, prude nnevrax merge In cent vegeta spat parasite cae ferent “plesk din centri motor veetativ a navraxall foemesa8 son ace de isn a neuronal preganglionsr, jnge la nvell ganglion vette Iaterovertsra smpatice untaviseal ipa intramural parasimptis sonal pregengonar fe sinapeh cx neuron vegetatv postanglonarl aren su tac de mietindsaxon neuronal postangiona fonmeaz fibra postgangiona ‘ares dart fcr sera: mugehinete nde, he SISTEMUL NERVOS VEGETATIVSIMPATIC = « re cent income ated le mide pins in regina Cir Tetele oe Ninh Itsovercral simptic prevints pe tact lor ganglion ‘eget spat a regu evil: 3-supero, mili, nein in soghnestoracal: 2 in regimes lombord 45; in roiunen pling stra pereche fi cocigannepereche frets preganglonte simpatce sunt cite ovelepotgangonre Sun ang ‘medisoral siapeci cin gangonis angles ntrovercbal ste SSpedinoral sinapac dine fea postgangionars gi efector este adrenaline s(n rare. SISTEMUL NERVOS VEGETATIV PARASIMPATIC age contin "nid sacra Sy (nce parasinpaticpevin); “uel porasimpotc din unc ercbral sPTpoceulastanom al culometortl (Edinger ‘Westphal die mesenceal nacelle dn pu “ucla salivatr superior din parte; “hull aivator inerior din bul; insect preumentec oala ap) din Soee proganghonare sunt ang: ‘bree postganglonare sunt seu; = snaps dite fibre pre- x psiganlionare gl dinte brs posganglonar ecto estes, PLEXURILE VEGETATIVE represints locurle de intnive dine fbrle simpatice din lanl rnploarIsterovertebral cu bee parasimpatic eu gine i cent Parsmpascululcrnian sacral cele ni mportante unt state ‘Avextremiaen efit “plea previseral al globus csr; “pleut laeimal = plea paretian: “ples Submandibular sublingual, “plea ertitan “ple aringan “ples arin "plow ridin: ple Gan “plex cardie: * plorl troshopulzanas cavitatesadominorpevi “plea celine lon hipogasteANALIZATORII (ORGANELE DE SIMT) sunt tractus movfofuneionaece au rok des receptions be conduc, fanaa in senza exctaileadecate, pinite din mgdhil rice snaiatrst format di 1 receptoral segmental pear); 2 len de condcere (segment intermedia); 5 Segmental cortical de projec (opment central). 4. receplol, segmental pesifer: *ecptorl fet dela sn analizatoes all "rEeptorl sunt forma speiaieate ns ection esta (forms de ‘nel in media exten su intern le tanaora ina ale 3p excita int neve ‘Ain functedetritoral de recepie, deosebin: ‘Derterceptre:rcepioneas excita dn medial extern Dintereceptr:seephoneack excl din organele interne vase ivsceocepton SSpropoceptori:recepineses exci de I apart locomotor. Bin func de diana de In care aclonesrs excita, dingo ‘Drceporideconac- tet gustav, 2) ceptor de distant seu tlercepor-vizuls na (C dups nature excltanioy, se ntnese Dimecanoreiptor "homes accutane epider deem): termina nervoase bee termina nervossebutonte corpuscli Rufin ‘dapurle Merkel, termina nervosre ncapsulate corpascul Melssner; corpus Krause, Pac tscepor anes elon de pe sess fesenr profnde “ermal ners bere; ering nervosebatonatecorpasul Ruffin “ennai nerve inexpaut: oxpuscul Paci termina nervease spilt: sue neuromuscular; explo Calg «al: nga Cot ech ala: ance pena arterials baroreceptor i: nual caotisans 2)temorecptori ‘frig terminayi nevoase bere; 1 ats trina nerve bere, 2) noceetor termina neresace br pentru ee ‘Drceptor clectrmeagnetict ver lee cu astoage, 5) chemoreceptor ‘var ng gostate bas netron biol: «ger eon in cepa: 1 COssorguin receptor din: -corpuscul:cartidieni; sot «amare neuron din mice supraopic: 4 ghee, amino cl gre plastic: eeptot dn petals 2 calea de conduceeGegmental intermedia aii dove merase prin cae impulses este transmis besa cereals ai ascent nt rece, care preinth * ak mare de conduc preg coral speci sneer prezn hen ed de concer cortical irs epost de stele activator scendent 5. segmental cortical de proiectieGegmentl centr: reprerint are din scour cerebral unde gungsimpulssl nevos;a acest nivel are ln analiza sinters simular prc formarea de - renin pate gate acl ta orgie ‘enaai spesiice. ‘kp pen deen ‘ier |. ANALIZATORUL VIZUAL be rena srt ii confine celle vitae 1. receptor segmental pesiferc . medi ranoparnt connate lobular OGHHOLSAU ORGANUL VAZULUT “atoaen epost eft oar const de cele 2 cv cea it impede, ines secelat de proses; “tel ota ormat dn esto 5 “it ie corer etal mas : ‘real impute 2 emer antroar “eno “posterior fei ean hein Ten biomes reeset in umole gin “st nei 9 copa vos | regiunea palpebrala: i ‘a aduli in varsta igi pierde: ~ elasticitatea » presbiti; weal “Teensparna stor cpande compa sino: poate eh vac transparent pero 1 it poster ci rai ‘prem un mee regent peril arin ora i ‘one a mennere stalin pias ln arial Inpic denipren reine “Seria sur tira nerves canaliculi Mb regimes retoblbaee Sec aca come sal pare | gpitine rtroblbard oral diosa eri 1 regiunea bulbs | tc eaonetia dependence peblbaze 2 Scepunde bul ose cre are forma nei sere legate de nervi “ine gsines vba opti “pews cnet mop ota. Ral cular et format in ans medi trespaente chi lb ata ‘AS tail ln strings ‘ingeh depp superior; “owe frees frat | “ine “eet “me Cooma j “infer unin ssc format i 2bbe-superion “or “ines Zeopelia, (Pama acne ire ee ie tence nerd oat in | rm md eprio ren opi so ental ein poral de epi sexsi vin; om amid nr fete o membrad formats din 10 strata. Smportnt statlconar gl bstonacion (primal sa ies neuro le opuce er mora bale: -nervuloulometoe: ere when, perv abducensni sot aloud eu: -nervl alc, ari neat. acalea de condcere (genta intermedi: ‘NERVULOPTIC &* “conduc nial nervosa retin a ima epic CHIASMA OPTICA . incucare patil de bre nervose. a TRACTURILE OPTICE can ibee pecate dea china optics “fibre neincrcigate din jumsatea temporal a retine’ de acfeast parte fz nce din jit nara pe opus: fle ncrcate gneinracgat in amibcle mec segment cota de poietic epmental cena “alebl ocptal pe bel onl eleari,arle 17,18, 18. “agen cult - impolite ecanostec ebiectlor rin Viz ‘ls tral ncapacats de recuse iterle; lei ood ncapacates de recunoapere a cwaNul U ANALIZATORUL ACUSTICO-VESTIBULAR (COHLEO-VESTIBULAR) ‘receptor segmental peer: URECHEA SAU ORGANUL STATOACUSTIC receptor prea reglunen auricular consti i: orethes exert formats in “pailions rch, at oguments Comet aut exter Paes intra nar tats nol temporal: arcs extern, rearisginoas. - membrana Homan on porte membranos cae dspare conduc su exter de ueches edie estechea medi st noel empon sre 3 porion "iat Hinpanic confine cele esciore eon teint cle ine le: “engin ferestrs oe rmobiiate de: -muschl canals ‘mupehal ee tuba ito romp Ii Eastchioy cond onteocavtgines ae lag eavitaten limps de fringe: eigurd venta urechi medi eitiile mastoid. 1M areches inter ‘eines abi stun grsimes stl esl temporal ‘compusd din oweie decavttt eae formeaz: brn oso cae ae itesor “abit membrancs, i coe 6 gsc receptor euitly ‘vestibular. -lsbirntl uprnde soll, vile sence, cae ges receptor pent echiibral sete cin pe ul sen ee cae conn septal aii: org Cot 2.eales de condacere segmental intermedi: NERVULSTATOACUSTIC (VESTIBULOCOHLEAR) format din urine 3 doi ner: “esta eae ae ils pin orgie tances “ceexiniecntale ‘segmental cortical de pole segmental cent: central adit este situa nob ermpora are 4, $2; entra vob suite (an loclzate ste sueteor aie) sits n Toul emporal nail 39940. + afin sora ennestat pi yuna cnr sau suds verbal, bolnaval ms mak picepe Cavintle susie finde i pect aminiten cuvintelr, poste 8 ‘otbese, dar pronunfcvintle feb odin logic jess ammo manifests prin impestlltatea de denumi unele hice su niaIL ANALIZATORUL GUSTATIV ste hii de contact receptor sunt chemorexpto: 1 receptora segmental pesteric . mgr gust ce a vel ; “papilelr gustative stunt pe moss lingual) : Dereon: =a pains ere postoror al fringe 2 cae de conducereegmental intermedian ‘acl prin rmura:-coard impanal ‘nvermedina i Wrisberg losoaringan: re 8. segment cortal de proiete segment central sin gstates stata nob tempor ai 38 IV. ANALIZATORUL OLFACTIV receptorul reprezenat de mucoass olfactvs locals fm regimen supericaraa fess nazale, lle de conducee sunt reprezenat decile senza tact Segmental coral situ in hoc sau steal bic sua nis dite tlenctal i dencetl, “eslmal ech segmental emisetlor cerebral arhicote). \V. ANALIZATORUL KINESTEZIC (MOTOR) prime informing cu: Pozi compu gf a membrelor (gredul de contac a Hectrul smuyeh. receptor propsiecepon) tu ala (opel atuee, tmuychi iments potest -conpuca Glgh situa Ta joniunea musculotendinoast; Sensibllatesiun mar spud la cocci acti much corpse Rain Sta uperfical in capsula articular: eco: penra apecoea poz fia mig nated, terminate nerooase bere ‘hase in reine capsule sponse sesibiaes dureroas arcu = fuomiienetrommaealre “agerate prnte fle muscular state “contol ons usc SNtecpfioneses informal de la much, privitor Is gradal de sont = lie de conducere pentru sensibitatea Kinestezict sunt fasciulle ‘piobulbare ce pescs Sela corpseali Golg Ruffin, Paci, ermine rerwase ier; ‘ile de conducere pentru tas muscular sunt fasciculele sping Cbelonce dove dint ventral cruciate pleich do In fosurle VLANALIZATORUL CUTANAT ‘receptor, segmental ptifeicrepezentat de receptor in pele; 2calea de condocere eegmental intermedia rprezenat de cle sensi: taco, eres, {3 segmental cortical de proiecie (segmental central) 20a de prolctic onelt a sensbiti generale "4 organismulut’lobul parietal (Gomunculus sent) DPIELEA CTEGUMENTOL) cope corpl in igi “te continah oa moose Ia nivel erfidor naturale (gu, cavitile ‘azale anus vaginal; are structur conjunctivitis; ra de protec creepior are supra neregulat ce ons ma = gre mics fle pos “ glandeSudoipreute -congeitate “Taneianale ce par: at =i; “reeren elastcti co urmare a entail usc rid, Structure pili de a supra pre profunzime : | SLopidera | a supertl, 7 | {Stata in pl stata pvimeno, eatin ue [Permanent regenerate; | "Sah a mle ta in profunsine spre eerie: et | spe ron fica “ancora ard vse deg da ae termini oervote ere 2dematr ta mo “facet hol conc ue dealnge “mate, sein eros; | repre cele extent conjunctive on | 1 pert deeper rn mien sl | "Rpodema 2 tl pron, nami fstab “mat dn je coc ee epee pot onma pil algo | eonyine: | gander “Bata corde | Teenie comguer fons corpus Vat Pai | Anexee pitt neste commons: “Taneee cu facie de pia organism, eprezntate de pir comps din pi eter abl, fl pcb (cn, scr in dom) See Jame comnoase, situate pe fafa dorsala a virfului degen comune din2 ih orp pate vb ‘anal land: plendele udorpar: “flan abalone de origin epidermis; “25 moore, epinie pe ot supra piel ‘mat ales i= pala es secret un eid eudar) cu compe ssemantoare wn reo envemtae pefunda stats ip bupoden, nuit gomert, sb joa de ghem, cave ste Inconjrat de vase de tinge din eae extag, ‘tan pelos se contin cuca glndue al gland care Stabate dermal epidermal gi se descide la suprfaa piel prin por lanl sebaee: a plane mic de crigneepdermic gezate la baza ful dep "ere un cid pisos hum) lina icin ir dep. ete “thorop denice ale newoilor sent di ganglion spinal Eng cco al nenior cai (V). sta pine celle epider termina nce Sensibiitates ace = tsar Merkel: Soil a tng wee ‘Sha in epidermol fe pa consi Messner scale alin tere, ‘Shain stratl ppl der 8 pe;‘aracteristc- ppt deel: “nueoate! gne “nganelor genial feminine SC imamelona corpscul Golgi-Mazzoni srl presi abe : Fee eleretany a mnucoaaorganlor gentle ~corpuscait Vater Pac cl pres arrose) iti loca i= padernl- feel pantare amin “brats = pesos: “fsjurlatalpitor ‘onmscali Krause pou senate dee, Seer dorms tegumental cups len aniebrfh fenicavavelor de singe: lndele salvar ucoas: boc “plana pniula, -conpuscali Rafi ut pot sat decal ‘Shuai der empl tian, ‘Sensibiitaen ders asigurats de termina nerve libre din derm fepidernn, GLANDELE ENDOCRINE nde cu seein Sunt organeseretoare; “tpsie decal excrete, i vars produ mui hrmon diet in vasehe ange care eg Smujoisee sunt organe individualizate cu conformati, structs 6 fang bine contarate exemplar) Caractere gandelor endocrine: ‘nt repre nce renal organismal cs cae a legtrt ‘eat forma mic, 2 chro grutate varie ine cites milgrame (psratioidee) 2550 g (roid ‘5s vaeilnzpe fos Hogats care wpureazs captaren homorlor de ‘ate val sanguine: S sustacluts variate, pe (mapas glandelrencocne); lui pest de glande endocine 1. sland entcrine pce (xem: ris, parted 2. onde edorine compuse alte din componente deosebie ups ‘origina embvolgi, structure i nce lor xem: suparen, pf; 3 glonde mit care aun strctura lors component endocrine (exempl: pure, var ttle, 4 purmgonglontTonmafund endocrine cu orgine comund cu oma a “Snemulul nervos vegeta vind fc scetor ge receptor -nejiaendocrind nu ete caacteritic! nama glinelor endocrine, itor structs in organism rc lll) sero spt pri wor ge Steere Secret harmon (exemple poneecznin, cen) '. ne str prod clot cn hormonal exempting) © lfegioutindepasmatice pot forms harmon! Cexenph: raining, ‘ngitersnl) (2 oe tr nerves secret homo ani mit reser CGlandele endocrine reples24,Impreunt cu sistemal nerves, acivitaten organismal yay undtowde partculanti funcional acioneazt Ia distng doe rspindin hormeniloe pe cle sanguin sacle lent, dar de lungs dratau sciune species selectva(asupea alto glande endocrine, frgane su sutra sens stimuatr sa inhibitor, “Cust coreai ine glandel endocrine sistem nerves 1 fate landeor endocrine sunt date de stoma noo “hipotza cs hipotalamvsul ene sxe ipoalme pot: “neuroscrefiahipoalamilrogleaa8actetate poe care lain regent acivitaten ator” glande endocrine (empl: tiga, Suprarenall) IL sande endocrine roles si ele actcitaten sista evo (empl roid inlucnoazaoxciebitateascoarel cerebral). “aojunea gandeorendooneIneepe din vin intauters; dupa nastere,hormoni inervin i “eretresameonias organise <"‘modiicrlemorfologee 1 funconale ale pubes, cu ‘mprimarecaacteelor svn sedan Ts adult simuleaca cts organize xf stable corel funconaie inte eferte piri ale cesta; derives. landelor endocrine cu ponies pence rage grove Raburiss 3 glandaleondecin sa inluenjea cipro Hsing fe antagonic * scoala romneach de endecinologe: Gh. Marines, LC. Parhon (puma manual de endocinologe din lume), Danicopas (@ studat Intereljile dine sistenal nervs vegeativ 9 glndele endocrine), St ile are ners despre gus endemic, ancl plz), ILHIPOFIZA (GLANDA PITUITARA) land comple legal dehipotalamus, Filet legturfncionale cu toate cele gland endocrine; ‘ote ajerats in fon hipoars 2 ys tare de pe fof supesoor, crn erp en oper de dur ater Ladenokipofct denature Coal ef ese simualt de lire factor de elberae ai ‘ipotlamea 7 Saborenad ah mal hannoné “hormonal somatotrop (STH) scveasscxstere organism 2 hormonal adrenocoricotrop (ACTH) sctvensssezelia coco. spree, 5. homonal tvotop (TSH) stimulazt scr Hroidans: ‘Chomonalflislstimalant FSH prosvce in femeiematuraiaticulu ovarian -labebtspemmatogeneza 5 oman latlzant (LI Selngeazi “ovula “ermarea comps galben. {6 hormone! atialant al celleorintrstile (CSU) setivenz a ict glands interstitial {orton tet (LTH: “etiuleen reer plandel amare in timp acini, “ clangean dopa nate scr eat 4 hommonl melanostimaltor (MSHD determin uncia eanoctn * pigmentne pit Na nerohipfick format ie : free nervonse smielince Sle tractus Npotalamo- Ipotizar: elle neroglice diferente mite pluie secret hoon Noche elaborears neuahormon pot 7. vaspresina fantdrein), con ears reabsore apa vel bor ures 2.oxiacina determin conc musculature Crm ale galactofore, > nsfcient gltlt 4 pf (irom Stchon Simonds) feces func simlatoar ale glance rigid, hiperscrefin de STH fnainte de pubortate; scheletal veces badipai ‘oom, hpusecrei STH Is adult rese case extemitailor cele Inte craniais = ensmalpfier, posses STH i copa; pte eu hipoevelie seul uso infantis in comprtinen be ip lezaen eurohiposzet sna/9 lpotalamsuli dared 4510 pn 20 e/a cu deshidatare bolnavu, 1. EPIFIZA (GLANDA PINEALA) corpo pineasitst a vel eptalamasui “intel organ snzorial murat hl pines” nmamfere organ neurocndonsn “antagonist hpofia: nib dervoltare gnadelr pen serotonina secrets