March 02, 2012

Concentration of Ions
When acids and ionic substances dissolve in
water, electrical conductivity is evidence
that ions in the solution.

It is often important to express the

concentration of specific ions in solution.
 March 02, 2012

[ notation ]
Chemists use [ and ] to mean the
concentration of the entity in the
brackets.

[NaCl(aq)] means the concentration

of aqueous sodium chloride

[Cl(aq)] means the concentration

of aqueous chloride ions
 March 02, 2012

[BaCl2(aq)] = 3 mol/L

Cl Ba2+ Cl

Cl Ba2+ Cl

Cl Ba2+ Cl

[Ba2+(aq)] = ______ mol/L

[Cl(aq)] = ______ mol/L

 March 02, 2012

Ion concentration is determined by:

amount of solute dissolved.

relative numbers of ions making up
the substance.
 March 02, 2012

Example
A sodium chloride solution has a
concentration of 0.25 mol/L. Determine
the concentration of each ion in solution.

NaCl(aq) Na+(aq) + Cl(aq)

1 mol 1 mol 1 mol

The mole ratio is 1:1:1, meaning each mole

of NaCl will result in one mole of Na+ and
one mole of Cl
 March 02, 2012

[NaCl(aq)] = 0.25 mol/L (given in question)

[Na+(aq)] = 0.25 mol/L (1:1 mole ratio)

[Cl(aq)] = 0.25 mol/L (1:1 mole ratio)

 March 02, 2012

Example
A barium nitrate solution has a
concentration of 0.30 mol/L. Determine
the concentration of each ion in solution.

Ba(NO3)2(aq) Ba2+(aq) + 2NO3(aq)

1 mol 1 mol 2 mol

The mole ratio is more complex.

 March 02, 2012

Ba(NO3)2(aq) Ba2+(aq) + 2NO3(aq)

1 mol 1 mol 2 mol

1 mol Ba2+(aq)
[Ba2+(aq)] = 0.30 mol/L Ba(NO ) (aq)
32
1 mol Ba(NO3)2(aq)

= 0.30 mol/L

2 mol NO3(aq)
[NO3(aq)] = 0.30 mol/L Ba(NO3)2(aq)
1 mol Ba(NO ) (aq)
32

= 0.60 mol/L
 March 02, 2012

Example
A student dissolves 5.30 g of potassium
dichromate to prepare a 100 mL solution.
Determine the concentration of each ion
in solution.
m 5.30 g
n= =
M 294.20 g/mol
= 0.018014... mol

n 0.018014... mol
C= =
v 0.100 L
= 0.18014... mol/L
 March 02, 2012

K2Cr2O7(aq) 2K+(aq) + Cr2O72-(aq)

1 mol 2 mol 1 mol

2 mol K+(aq)
+
[K (aq)] = 0.180.. mol/L K2Cr2O7(aq)
1 mol K2Cr2O7(aq)

= 0.360 mol/L

2 mol Cr2O72-(aq)
[Cr O 2-(aq)] = 0.30 mol/L K Cr O (aq)
2 7 2 2 7
1 mol K2Cr2O7(aq)

= 0.60 mol/L
 March 02, 2012

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