Automatic Plant Watering System

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and the foremost, I shall thank God Almighty who gave me the inner
strength, resource and ability to complete the work successfully, without which all my
efforts would have been in vain.

I am thankful to Prof. P.V. Varkey, Head of the Department of Electrical and

Electronics Engineering, for his valuable advice and motivation.

I whole heartedly thankful to our Project guide Ms. Shiny k George (Asst,
Professor, Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering) for her valuable advice
and support.

I am extremely thankful to Mr. Jojin Thomas and Ms.Bissy Babu, Group

tutors for their support towards this project
.
I convey my sincere thanks to all the teaching and non-teaching staff of the
Department for their help and encouragement. I thank my dear parents and all my
friends for their support in completing this project.

Once again I extend my gratitude to all those, who had directly or indirectly
influenced on the work.

1
Automatic Plant Watering System

ABSTRACT

The project is designed to develop an automatic irrigation system which

switches the pump motor ON/OFF on sensing the moisture content of the soil. In the
field of agriculture, use of proper method of irrigation is important. The advantage of
using this method is to reduce human intervention and still ensure proper irrigation.

The project uses an 8051 series microcontroller which is programmed to

receive the input signal of varying moisture condition of the soil through the sensing
arrangement. This is achieved by using an op-amp as comparator which acts as
interface between the sensing arrangement and the microcontroller. Once the
controller receives this signal, it generates an output that drives a relay for operating
the water pump. An LCD display is also interfaced to the microcontroller to display
status of the soil and water pump. The sensing arrangement is made by using two stiff
metallic rods inserted into the field at a distance. Connections from the metallic rods
are interfaced to the control unit.

The concept in future can be enhanced by integrating GSM technology, such

that whenever the water pump switches ON/OFF, an SMS is delivered to the
concerned person regarding the status of the pump. We can also control the pump
through SMS

2
Automatic Plant Watering System

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
Chapter No. Title
No.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i
ABSTRACT ii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 4
CHAPTER 2 AIM & OBJECTIVE 5
2.1 AIM 5
2.2 OBJECTIVE 5
CHAPTER 3 COMPONENTS REQUIRED 6
3.1 HARDWARE COMPONENTS 6
3.2 SOFTWARE COMPONENTS 6
CHAPTER 4 EQUIPMENTS IN DETIAL 7
CHAPTER 5 PIN DIAGRAM 15
CHAPTER 6 BLOCK DIAGRAM 17
CHAPTER 7 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 18
CHAPTER 8 WORKING 19
CHAPTER 9 PROGRAM 22
CHAPTER 10 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 28
10.1 ADVANTAGES 28
10.2 DISADVANTAGES 28
CHAPTER 11 FUTURE EXTENSION AND APPLICATIONS 29
CHAPTER 12 CONCLUSION 30
CHAPTER 13 REFERENCES 31

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

In present days, in the field of agriculture farmers are facing major problems
in watering their crops. Its because they dont have proper idea about the availability

3
Automatic Plant Watering System

of the power. Even if it is available, they need to pump water and wait until the field is
properly watered, which compels them to stop doing other activities which are also
important for them, and thus they loss their precious time and efforts. But, there is a
solution an automatic plant irrigation system not only helps farmers but also others
for watering their gardens as well.

This project is designed to water for plants regularly.The circuit comprises of

sensor parts built using op-amp IC LM358,it is here used as a comparator.Two stiff
copper wires are inserted in the soil to sense whether the soil is wet or dry. The
Microcontroller is used to control the whole system by monitoring the sensors.

The system simply senses the moisture level and switches on the irrigation
pump when the moisture is below the set limit. The system switches off the pump
when the moisture rises above the set point. The moisture level threshold can be set
using a trim pot on the system. The status of the pump (whether ON or OFF) is
displayed on a 16 x 12 LCD display

CHAPTER 2

AIM & OBJECTIVE

4
Automatic Plant Watering System

2.1. AIM:

To design a moisture sensing automatic plant watering system using 8051

microcontroller and observe its working.

2.2. OBJECTIVE:

This project is designed to water for plants regularly. The circuit comprises of
sensor parts built using op-amp IC LM358, it is here used as a comparator. Two stiff
copper wires are inserted in the soil to sense whether the soil is wet or dry. The
Microcontroller is used to control the whole system by monitoring the sensors.

This automatic irrigation system senses the moisture content of the soil and
automatically switches the pump when the power is on. A proper usage of irrigation
system is very important because the main reason is the shortage of land reserved
water due to lack of rain, unplanned use of water as a result large amounts of water
goes waste. For this reason, we use this automatic plant watering system, and this
system is very useful in all climatic conditions.

CHAPTER 3

COMPONENTS

3.1. Hardware Requirements:

5
Automatic Plant Watering System

POWER SUPPLY BLOCK

MICROCONTROLLER (AT89S52/AT89C51)

LCD

WATER PUMP

LM358 OP-AMP

BC547 TRANSISTOR

RELAY

1N4007

LED

RESISTORS & CAPACITORS

3.2. Software Requirements:

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

Embedded C , ALP (Assembly Language)

COMPILERS:

Keil 2.0/3.0uv

DUMPING SOFT WARE: Using Micro controller flash Software we are

dumping our HEX Code into Micro Controller

CHAPTER 4

6
Automatic Plant Watering System

EQUIPMENTS IN DETAIL:

7
Automatic Plant Watering System

8
Automatic Plant Watering System

9
Automatic Plant Watering System

10
Automatic Plant Watering System

11
Automatic Plant Watering System

12
Automatic Plant Watering System

13
Automatic Plant Watering System

14
Automatic Plant Watering System

15
Automatic Plant Watering System

16
Automatic Plant Watering System

CHAPTER 5

PIN DIAGRAM

17
Automatic Plant Watering System

18
Automatic Plant Watering System

19
 Automatic Plant Watering System

CHAPTER 6

BLOCK DIAGRAM

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:

8051 series Microcontroller,Op amp, Keil compiler
LCD, Relay, Water Pump, Voltage
Languages: Embedded Cor Assembly
Regulator, Diodes, Capacitors,
Resistors, LED, Crystal, Transistor.

20
Automatic Plant Watering System

CHAPTER 7

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

21
Automatic Plant Watering System

CHAPTER 8
WORKING
Project is about a moisture-sensing automatic plant watering system using
8051 microcontroller. The system simply senses the moisture level and switches on
the irrigation pump when the moisture is below the set limit. The system switches off
the pump when the moisture rises above the set point. The moisture level threshold
can be set using a trim pot on the system. The status of the pump (whether ON or
OFF) is displayed on 16 x 12 LCD display. The system can be divided into three
section as follows.

SENSING PROB

YL 69 moisture sensing probe is used to sense the moisture here. It is simply a

fork-shaped PCB with tracks running on both sides of the legs. Just plug this probe
into the soil where you want to sense the moisture. Image of the YL 69 sensing probe
is given below.

COMPARATOR CIRCUIT

22
Automatic Plant Watering System

YL 38 comparator module is used in this project. It is a single channel opamp

comparator based on L393 IC. This module just compares the output voltage of the
sensing probe with a reference voltage and switches its voltage appropriately for the
microcontroller to read. Circuit diagram of the YL 38 comparator module is shown
below.

The output voltage of the sensing probe is connected to the inverting input of
the opamp. When the moisture level is high more current passes through the sensing
probe and so the voltage at the inverting pin will be higher than the reference. The
reference can be set using the trim pot R2. At this condition output of the opamp goes
low and sinks the LED D1 to make it glow. When the moisture is lower than the set
point, the opposite happens. So in simple words, a LOW output of the
opamp indicates a high moisture and a HIGH output of the opamp indicates a low
moisture. The output of the opamp is marked as pin D0 on the sensor YL 38 module.
This pin is connected to the microcontroller for further processing. LED D2 is just a
power ON indicator. Capacitors C1 and C2 are noise filters.

MICROCONTROLLER SECTION

23
Automatic Plant Watering System

Microcontroller section senses the status of the comparator module and

switches the irrigation motor appropriately. It also displays the status of the pump on
the LCD screen.

CHAPTER 9
PROGRAM

RS EQU P2.7
RW EQU P2.6
E EQU P2.5

ORG 00H
SETB P3.5
MOV TMOD,#00000001B
MAIN:ACALL DINT
ACALL TEXT1
JB P3.5, NEXT
ACALL LINE2
ACALL TEXT2
CLR P2.0
SJMP EXIT
NEXT:ACALL LINE2
ACALL TEXT3
SETB P2.0
EXIT:ACALL DELAY1
SJMP MAIN

24
Automatic Plant Watering System

DELAY1:MOV R0,#15D
BACK1: MOV TH0,#00000000B
MOV TL0,#00000000B
SETB TR0
HERE2: JNB TF0,HERE2
CLR TR0
CLR TF0
DJNZ R0,BACK1
RET

TEXT1: MOV A,#"M"

ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"o"
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"i"
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"s"
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"t"
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"u"
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"r"
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"e"
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#" "
ACALL DISPLAY

25
Automatic Plant Watering System

MOV A,#"C"
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"o"
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"n"
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"t"
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"r"
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"o"
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"l"
ACALL DISPLAY
RET

TEXT2: MOV A,#"["

ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"O"
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"K"
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"]"
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#" "
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"P"
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"u"
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"m"

26
Automatic Plant Watering System

ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"p"
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#" "
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"O"
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"F"
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"F"
ACALL DISPLAY
RET

TEXT3: MOV A,#"["

ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"L"
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"o"
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"w"
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"]"
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#" "
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"P"
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"u"
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"m"
ACALL DISPLAY

27
Automatic Plant Watering System

MOV A,#"p"
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#" "
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"O"
ACALL DISPLAY
MOV A,#"N"
ACALL DISPLAY
RET

DINT:MOV A,#0CH
ACALL CMD
MOV A,#01H
ACALL CMD
MOV A,#06H
ACALL CMD
MOV A,#80H
ACALL CMD
MOV A,#3CH
ACALL CMD
RET

LINE2:MOV A,#0C0H
ACALL CMD
RET

CMD: MOV P0,A

CLR RS
CLR RW
SETB E

28
Automatic Plant Watering System

CLR E
ACALL DELAY
RET

DISPLAY:MOV P0,A
SETB RS
CLR RW
SETB E
CLR E
ACALL DELAY
RET

DELAY: CLR E
CLR RS
SETB RW
MOV P0,#0FFH
SETB E
MOV A,P0
JB ACC.7,DELAY
CLR E
CLR RW
RET

END

29
Automatic Plant Watering System

CHAPTER 10

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

10.1 ADVANTAGES
1. Highly sensitive, low cost and reliable circuit.
2. Works according to the soil condition.
3. Complete elimination of man power.
4. Can handle heavy loads.
5. System can be switched to manual mode whenever required.

DISADVANTAGES
1. This is applicable for only large farms.
2. Have limited life after installation due to the deterioration of plastic component in
a hot, arid climate when exposed to ultraviolet light

30
Automatic Plant Watering System

CHAPTER 11

FUTURE EXTENSION AND APPLICATIONS

FUTURE EXTENSION:
The working of project is basically dependent on the output of the moisture sensors.
Whenever there is a need of excess water in the field, then it will not be possible by
using sensor technology. For this we will have to adopt the DTMF technology,by
using this we will be able to irrigate desired field and in desired amount.GSM
technology may also be initialised in future for much more advanced and easy
observations.

APPLICATIONS:
1. Irrigation in fields
2. Irrigation in gardens, parks, etc.
3. Pisciculture

31
Automatic Plant Watering System

CHAPTER 12

CONCLUSION

The primary applications for this project are for farmers and gardeners who do
not have enough time to water their crops/plants. It also covers those farmers who are
wasteful of water during irrigation. The project can be extended to greenhouses where
manual supervision is far and few in between. The principle can be extended to create
fully automated gardens and farmlands. Combined with the principle of rain water
harvesting, it could lead to huge water savings if applied in the right manner. In
agricultural lands with severe shortage of rainfall, this model can be successfully
applied to achieve great results with most types of soil.

This system ensures that the plants do not endure from the strain or stress of less and
over watering. The advantages of using this micro irrigation system are that for every
drop of water used, we get more crop, better quality, early maturity, higher yield.
Moreover, this system saves labor cost and water up to 70%.

32
Automatic Plant Watering System

CHAPTER 13

REFERENCES

The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded systems by Muhammad Ali Mazidi

and Janice Gillispie Mazidi , Pearson Education.
ATMEL 89S52 Data Sheets.
www.atmel.com
www.beyondlogic.org
www.wikipedia.org
www.howstuffworks.com
www.alldatasheets.com

33