TOP o Unconscious

Ideas may past the censor and to the

Chapter 2: psychoanalysis
preconscious
Sigismund (Sigmund) Freud - Dream process, slip of the tongue, defense
mechanism
- March or May 6, 1856
- Freiberg, Moravia (now part of the Czech Republic)
- 1st born of Jacob & Amalie Nathanson Freud
- Siblings: Emanuel & Philipp
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- Moved to Leipzig then Vienna
Conscious
- Was drawn to medicine because we was curious
- Mental elements in awareness at any given point in
about human nature
time
- In 1885, he received a traveling grant from the
- Source of ideas
University of Veinna, went to Paris to study with
o Perceptual conscious system
Jean-Martin Charcot What we perceive, in not threatening, enter
- Freud learned the hypnotic technique for treating
into consciousness
hysteria o Non-threatening preconscious and well-
Hysteria disguised unconscious
Ideas the changed to escape the censor
- Disorder characterized by paralysis or the improper - Smaller the preconscious and conscious
functioning of certain parts of the body
- Was thought to be strictly a female disorder
- Male hysteria (Charcot) Provinces of the mind
Catharsis The Id
- das Es
- The process of removing hysterical symptoms o the it
through talking them out - the pleasure principle
- illogical, primitive, chaotic, inaccessible to
consciousness, unchangeable, amoral, unorganized,
Levels of mental life
filled with energy, discharged for satisfaction
Unconscious - core personality
- completely unconscious
- Drives, urges, or instincts that are beyond our
- possesses the ego
awareness but that nevertheless motivate most of our
The Ego
words, feelings, and actions
- das Ich
- Punishment & suppression may create feeling of
o the I
anxiety - reality principle
o Anxiety stimulates repression - decision-making or executive branch of personality
- May appear in the consciousness but after - must consider and reconcile the id and the superego
transformations and distortions - uses defense mechanism
- Not necessarily inactive or dormant - must inhibit id impulses but is also at the mercy of id
- The Superego
Phylogenetic endowment - das Uber-Ich
o the over-I
- Inherited unconscious images - moralistic and idealistic principles
- Ancestral experiences passed on to the offspring - 2 subsystems
o Conscience
Experience punishments from improper
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What we should not do
Preconscious o Ego-ideal
Experience rewards from proper behavior
- Not conscious but can become conscious readily or
What we should do
with some difficulty
- No energy
- Sources
- No contact with reality
o Conscious perception
- Unrealistic
Transitory period
Conscious and preconscious alternate easily
 - Demands for perfection, unrealistic, moralistic & The aim to reduce sexual tension is
idealistic inhibited or repressed
- Narcissism involves love of self. Love is often
Dynamics of personality accompanied by narcissistic tendencies
Drives o Sadism
- Trieb Need for sexual pleasure by inflicting pain or
- Instinct humiliation on others
- Drive Sexual perversion
- Impulse Extreme
- Constant motivation o Masochism
- 2 major headings Sexual pleasure from suffering pain and
o Sex / Eros humiliation inflicted by themselves or others
o Aggression / Distraction / Thanatos
- Form of psychic energy Aggression
o Libido - Aim is to return the organism to an inorganic state
For sex drive - Final aim is self-destruction
I desire - Forms
o Energy for aggressive drive remains nameless o Teasing, gossip, sarcasm, humiliation, humor, and
- Characteristics of drives enjoyment of others pain
o Impetus - Death instinct
Amount of force it exerts
o Source
Region of the body in a state of excitation or Anxiety
tension - Unpleasant feeling warning one of dangers
o Aim - Vague and hard to pin point but always felt
Goal - Kinds
To seek pleasure by removing that excitation o Neurotic Anxiety
or reducing the tension Exists in the ego
o Object Originates from id
Person or thing that satisfies the aim Apprehension of unknown danger
Sex Anxiety from thing that are least likely to
- Pleasure happen
- Entire body in invested with libido o Moral Anxiety
- Erogenous zones Stem from conflict between the ego and the
o Parts that are capable of producing sexual superego
pleasure o Realistic Anxiety
- All pleasurable activity is traceable to the sexual Closely related to fear
drive Unpleasant, nonspecific feeling involving a
- Object can be transformed or displaced possible danger
- Forms - Serves as ego-preserving mechanism
o Narcissism o Signals us that danger is coming
Primary narcissism - Self-regulating
Universal - Birth trauma
Libido invested exclusively in their own o Most active form of anxiety
ego o Separation of mother and child
Infants are primarily self-centered
- Narcissistic libido transforms to object libido Defense mechanism
Secondary narcissism - Normal & universally used
Not universal - When carried to an extreme they lead to compulsive,
Moderate degree of self-love repetitive, and neurotic behavior
Common in nearly everyone - Purpose
o Love o To avoid dealing directly with sexual and
Develops when people invest their libido on aggressive implosives
an object or libido other than themselves o To defend against the anxiety the accompanies
Childrens sexual interest is the person who them
cares for them, usually the mother - Unconscious blocking
Aim-inhibited
 Repression o oral receptive-phase
- Primary defense mechanism o no ambivalence
- Motivated forgetting o needs are satisfied with minimum frustration and
Denial anxiety
- Blocking external events from awareness - as they grow older, they are more likely to experience
Undoing frustration and anxiety
- Ego attempts to get rid of unpleasant experience and - oral-sadistic period
their consequence through compulsive ceremonial o infants defense against the environment is aided
behavior by the emergence of teeth
- Bumabawi Anal phase
Reaction formation - sadistic-anal phase
- Believing the opposite - anus emerges as a sexually pleasurable zone
Fixation - aggressive drive becomes more developed
- Ego will remain at present stage - characterized by satisfaction from aggressive behavior
Regression and through the excretory function
- Ego will go back to past stage - early anal phase
- Usually temporary expenditure of psychic energy o children receive satisfaction by destroying or
- going back to earlier stage losing objects
Introjection o sadistic drive is stronger than the erotic one
- identification o children behave aggressively toward parent for
- incorporation of positive qualities of another person frustrating them with toilet training
into their own ego - late anal period
Projection o friendly interest toward their feces
- attributing unwanted qualities to other people from erotic pleasure of defecating
Displacement o feces accepted by parents
- redirecting impulse onto a substitute target generous and magnanimous adults
- a symbol substitute o feces rejected by parents
- turning against self withhold feces until painful and pleasurable
Sublimation o anal character
- socially inacceptable socially acceptable people who receive erotic satisfaction by
- expressing feelings through art keeping objects and by arranging them
- most productive defense mechanism excessively neat and orderly
- beneficial o anal trial
Intellectualization orderliness, stinginess, and obstinacy
- removing emotional content from the thought before Phallic phase
allowing awareness - 3-4 years old
- removing emotion - 3rd stage of infantile development
- more on facts - Genital area become leading erogenous zone
Rationalization - Anatomy is destiny
- cognitive distortion of facts to make an event / an - Masturbation
impulse less threatening - Suppression masturbation
- distort facts - Male Oedipus Complex
o Identification with the father
o Oedipus complex
Stages of development Desire for mother
Infantile period Hostile towards father
- infants possess a sexual life o Castration complex
- pregenital sexual development In the form of castration anxiety
- during the first 4-5 years after birth Fear of losing the penis
- autoerotic Becomes aware that girls dont have penises
- erogenous stimulation o Uses father as a model
Oral phase o Strong superego replaces the nearly completely
- mouth is the first organ to provide pleasure dissolved Oedipus complex
- infants obtain life sustaining nourishment through - Female Oedipus complex
the oral cavity o Electra complex
o beyond that obtain pleasure through sucking o Penis envy
- early oral activity o Identification with the mother
 o Oedipus complex - free association technique
o Gradually realizes oedipal desires are self- o require patients to verbalize their feelings,
defeating thoughts, and experiences
o Weak superego replaces the partially dissolved - transferences
Oedipus complex o strong sexual or aggressive feelings, positive of
o Identifies with the mother once again negative, the patient develop toward their analyst
Latency period during the course of the treatment
- 4-5 years until puberty o strong drive towards their analyst
- Dormant psychosexual development - resistance
- Brought about from parents suppression of sexual o variety of unconscious responses used by
activity patients to block their own progress in therapy
- Children suppress their sexual drive and direct their - not all memories can or should be brought to the
energy toward nonsexual activities consciousness
- Sexual drive still exists but its aim is inhibited - treatment not effective with psychoses or
- Sublimated libido shows itself in social and cultural constitutional illnesses
accomplishments - once cured may develop another psychic problem
Genital period
- Give up autoeroticism
- Direct sexual energy to someone other than Dream analysis
themselves - to transform the manifest content of dreams to the
- Reproduction is now possible more important latent content
- Vagina obtains same status as penis - manifest contest
- Boys see vagina as a sought-after object o surface meaning
- Genitals attain supremacy as an erogenous zone o conscious description by the dreamer
- Eros remains unchanged - latent content
Maturity o unconscious material
- Physical maturity - dream are wish fulfillments
o Genital period begins at puberty and continues - repetition compulsion
throughout the persons lifetime o repeatedly dream of frightening, or traumatic
- Psychological maturity experience
o A stage attained after a person has passed though - condensation
the earlier developmental period in an ideal o latent content has been condensed or abbreviated
manner manifest level
o Seldom happens - displacement
o Balance among the structures of the mind
o Sublimations rather than neurotic symptoms Freudian Slips
o Control of the psychic energy - Fehlleistung
o Ego functioning at the center o Faulty function
Application of psychoanalytic theory - Parapraxes
Freuds Early Therapeutic Technique - Everyday slips of the tongue or pen, misreading,
- place hand on head of patient and then suggest incorrect hearing, misplacing objects, and temporary
something forgetting names or intentions are not chance
- highly suggestive procedure accidents but reveal a persons unconscious
- may be forcing patients to think that the memories intentions
were real - Slips, mistake and accidents are significant and have
- memories may really be fantasies meaning
Freuds later therapeutic technique -