WILCOXON MATCHED

PAIRS SIGN- RANK TEST

Learning Outcomes
At the end of the topic, students should be able to:
Making inferences two related sample by using Wilcoxon
matched-pairs signed- rank test.
Definition
Need for case of two related sample when the
measurement scale allow to determine not only
whether the member of a pair of observation differ, but
also the magnitude of any difference.
Assumption
The data for analysis consist of n values of the
differences Di = Yi- Xi. Each pairs of measurement (Xi, Yi)
is taken on the same subject or non subject that have
paired with respect to one or more variables. The sample
of (Xi, Yi) pairs is random.
The differences represent observation on a continuous
random variable.
The distribution of the population of differences is
symmetric about their median, MD.
The differences are independent.
The differences are measured on at least an interval
scale.
Hypothesis
A. Two- sided B. One- sided C. One-sided
(equal) (increase) (decrease)
Ho : MD = O Ho : MD O Ho : MD O

H1 : MD O H1:MD > O H1: MD < O

Test statistic
Obtain each of the signed differences
Di = Yi Xi
Rank the absolute values of these differences from
smallest to largest
| Di | = | Yi Xi|
Assign to each of the resulting ranks the sign of the
difference whose absolute valued yielded that rank.
Compute (depend on H1):
T+ = sum of the rank with positive signs
T- = sum of the rank with negative signs
Ties
There are two types:
When Yi=Xi for a given pair. Then we having Di = Yi Xi =
0 and reduce n accordingly.
When two or more values of | Di | are equal
Decision Rule
A B C
Ho : MD O Ho : MD O
Hypothesis
H1 : MD> O H1 : MD< O

Test Either T+ or T- T+
Statistic T- for which is
smaller
Example
Dickie et. al* studied hemodynamic changes in patients
with acute pulmonary thromboembolism. Table 4.6 shows
the mean pulmonary artery pressure of 9 of these patients
before and 24 hours after urokinase therapy. We wish to
know whether these data provide sufficient evidence to
indicate that urokinase theraphy lowers pulmonary artery
pressure. Let = 0.05
* Source:Kenneth J.Dickie,William J.de Groot, Robert N.Cooley,Ted P.Bond, and M.Mason Guest,
Hemodynamic Effects of Bolus Infusion of Urokinase in Pulmonary
Thromboembolism,Amer.Rev.Respir.Dis.,109(1974),48-56.
Mean Pulmonary Artery pressure , millimeters and mercury
Patient 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 hours 33 17 30 25 36 25 31 20 18
(X)
24 hours 21 17 22 13 33 20 19 13 9
(Y)

SOLUTION
Step 1:
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Step 2: Test Statistic
the calculation of the test statistic is shown in table below:
Before After 24 hours Di = Yi - Signed Rank of |Di|
therapy (Y) Xi
(X)
T- T+
33 21 -12 7 -7
17 17 0 Omit
30 22 -8 4 -4
25 13 -12 7 -7
36 33 -3 1 -1
25 20 -5 2 -2
31 19 -12 7 -7
20 13 -7 3 -3
18 9 -9 5 -5
T- = 36 T+ = 0
Step 3:
Since n= 8 , T+=0
From the table A.3 the probability of observing a value of T+=0
when H0 is true is 0.0039.
P-value = 0.0039 < 0.05 Table A.3

Step 4: Decision
Reject H0

Step 5: Conclusion
Enough evidence to support the claim that urokinase therapy
lowers pulmonary artery pressure.
Exercise for small sample
EXERCISE 4.4
Piggot et. al* paired 10 psychotic and 10 normal children on the
age and gender. They then compared subjects for different in
respiratory sinus arrhythmia under conditions of spontaneous and
5-, 10- and 15- second interval breathing. They recorded cardiac
rate and respiratory changes simultaneously. Table 4.8 shows the
differences in duration of the cardiac respiratory phase following
the beginning of aspiratory (psychotics compared to the controls
for the respiration). Do these data provide sufficient evidence to
indicate a difference between psychotic and normal children? Let
What is the P-value for this test?
*Source: Leonard R. Piggot, Albert F.Ax, Jaccqueline L.Bamford and Joanne M.Fetzer, Respiration Sinus Arrhythmia
in Psychotic Children, Psychophysiology, 10(1973), 401-414; copyright 1973, The society for psycho physiological
Research; reprinted with permission of the publisher.
Duration of cardiac acceleration, seconds, timed respiration means for 15-second
interval breathing
Table 4.8

Pair 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Psychotic 1.74 1.44 2.12 1.80 2.00 2.70 1.96 1.46 1.82 1.40
(x)

Control (y) 2.46 1.88 2.38 1.94 2.14 1.60 1.96 1.82 1.80 1.84
Answer

Case 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Before 109 57 53 57 68 72 51 65
treatment
(x)
After 56 44 55 40 62 46 49 41
treatment
( y)
Answer

Large Sample Approximation

When n larger than 30.
Exercise for large sample
Exercise 4.16
Heiman et al* randomly placed one member of each of thirty
two matched pairs of students reading below grade level in a
supplementary reading program. Subjects were matched
nearly as possible on the discrepancy between their reading
level and their current grade level. The supplementary program
consisted of a point system to reward attention to and
identification of letter and word combinations. Table 4.25
derived from authors results, shows the differences between
the scores made by the subjects on a reading test after and
before the program. Use the procedure based on the Wilcoxon
test to construct a 95% confidence interval for the median
difference.
*Source: Julia R. Heiman, Mark J. Fisher, and Alan O. Ross, A
Supplementary Behavioral Program to Improve Deficient reading
Performance, J. Abnormal Child Psychol. 1(1973), 390-399; published by
Plenum Publishing Corporation New York.
Difference in reading test score made by thirty two matched pairs of subject,
one member of which was assigned to an experimental program and the
other to a control group ( before score subtracted from the score)

Pair 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Experimental (X) 0.5 1.0 0.6 0.1 1.3 0.1 1.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.2 0.8 0.5 1.4

Control (Y) 0.8 1.1 -0.1 0.3 0.2 1.5 1.3 0.6 1.2 0.3 0.8 1.0 0.5 1.6 0.1 0.5

Pair 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
Experimental (X) 0.2 1.3 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.2 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.1 1.0

Control (Y) 1.2 0.2 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.6 0.4 1.16 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.3 0.9
Answer