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4 MAR2002 (R2007)
Guidelines for Measuring and Reporting Environmental
Parameters for Plant Experiments in Growth
Chambers
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T ASABE is a professional and technical organization, of members worldwide, who are dedicated to advancement of
engineering applicable to agricultural, food, and biological systems. ASABE Standards are consensus documents
developed and adopted by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers to meet standardization
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needs within the scope of the Society; principally agricultural field equipment, farmstead equipment, structures, soil
and water resource management, turf and landscape equipment, forest engineering, food and process engineering,
electric power applications, plant and animal environment, and waste management.
NOTE: ASABE Standards, Engineering Practices, and Data are informational and advisory only. Their use by
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Practices and Data approved after July of 2005 are designated as ASABE.
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ANSI/ASAE EP411.4 MAR2002 (R2007)
Revision approved November 2002; reaffirmed January 2007 as an American National Standard
Developed by the ASAE Environment of Plant Structures Committee 3.1.1 radiant energy, Qe , J: The transfer of energy by radiation.
(SE-303); approved by the ASAE Structures and Environment Division
3.1.2 energy flow rate, e , W: The rate of flow of energy, a
Standards Committee; adopted by ASAE March 1982; revised March
fundamental radiometric unit; also called radiant power.
1986; reconfirmed December 1989; revised February 1992; approved as
an American National Standard February 1993; reaffirmed by ASAE 3.1.3 spectral distribution: A functional or graphic expression of the
December 1996; revised June 1997; revision approved by ANSI relation between the spectral energy flux, spectral photon flux, or fluence
November 1997; revised March 2002; revision approved by ANSI rate per unit wavelength, and wavelength.
November 2002; revised editorially April 2005; reaffirmed by ASABE 3.1.4 spectral energy flow rate, e,, Wnm1: The radiant energy flow
January 2007; reaffirmed by ANSI January 2007. rate per unit wavelength interval at wavelength .
Keywords: Definitions, Environment, Experiments, Growth, Plant 3.1.5 energy flux, Ee , Wm2: The radiant energy flow rate per unit
plane (flat) surface area; also called irradiance.
1 Purpose and scope 3.1.6 spectral energy flux, Ee, , Wm2nm1: The radiant energy flow
1.1 The purpose of this Engineering Practice is to set forth guidelines for rate per unit plane surface area per unit wavelength interval at
the measurement of environmental parameters that characterize the wavelength .
aerial and root environment in a plant growth chamber. 3.1.7 energy fluence, Fe , Jm2: The radiant energy dose time integral
1.2 This Engineering Practice establishes criteria that will promote a per unit spherical area.
common basis for environmental measurements for the research 3.1.8 spectral energy fluence, Fe, , Jm2nm1: The energy fluence
community and the commercial plant producer. per unit wavelength interval at wavelength .
1.3 This Engineering Practice promotes uniformity and accuracy in
3.1.9 energy fluence rate, Fe,t , Wm2: The radiant energy fluence per
reporting data and results in the course of conducting plant experiments.
unit time. The same as radiant energy flux (irradiance) for normal incident
(perpendicular) radiation on a plane surface.
2 Introduction
3.1.10 spectral energy fluence rate, Fe,t, , Wm2nm1: The radiant
2.1 The aerial environment is characterized by the following parameters:
energy fluence rate per unit wavelength interval at wavelength .
air temperature, atmospheric composition including moisture and carbon
dioxide concentration, air velocity, radiation, and the edge effects of 3.1.11 photon, q (i.e., one photon): A quantum (the smallest, discrete
wall/floor on these parameters. particle) of electromagnetic energy with an energy of hc/(h
2.2 The root environment is characterized by the following parameters: Plancks constant; cspeed of light; wavelength). Its energy is
medium composition and quantity, nutrient concentrations, water content, expressed in joules, J.
temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, and oxygen concentration. 3.1.12 photon flow rate, p , qs1 or mols1: The rate of flow of
2.3 Measuring and reporting these various parameters will be covered in photons.
the sections that follow. The definitions of the parameters indicate the 3.1.13 photon flux, Ep , qm2s1 or molm2s1: The photon flow rate
symbol and units in the format, (symbol, units). Measurements should be per unit plane surface area; sometimes also called photon flux density to
made which accurately represent the mean and range of the emphasize the unit area.
environmental parameters to which the plants are exposed during the
experimental period, to indicate the temporal variations, both cyclic and 3.1.14 spectral photon flux, Ep, , qm2s1nm1 or
transient, and the spatial variations over the separate plants in the molm2s1nm1: The photon flux per unit wavelength interval at
chamber. wavelength .
2.4 The definitions, measurement techniques, and reporting procedures 3.1.15 photon fluence, Fp , qm2 or molm2: The photon dose time
provide criteria and promote uniformity in measuring and reporting integral per unit spherical area.
environmental parameters, but these guidelines should not be used to 3.1.16 photon fluence rate (Fp ,t , qm2s1 or molm2s1): The
select the environmental parameters applicable to a particular photon fluence per unit time. The same as photon flux for normal
experiment. Other parameters may be applicable to a particular incidence radiation, but requires a spherical sensor.
experiment or special environments such as elemental concentration in
hydroponic solutions, pollutant concentration in air quality research, and 3.1.17 spectral photon fluence rate, Fp,t, , qm2 s1nm1 or
spectral quality ratios in photobiology. molm2s1nm1: The photon fluence rate per unit wavelength interval
2.5 When measurements are made, the chamber should be operating at wavelength .
with containers and plants located in the chamber. Provision should be 3.1.18 light: Visually evaluated radiant energy, with wavelengths
made to take all measurements with minimum disturbance to the approximately ranging between 380 and 780 nm, based on the sensitivity
operating environment. of the human eye.
3.1.19 illuminance, Ev , lx: The luminous flux (light incident per unit
3 Definitions area).
3.1 radiation: The emission and propagation of electromagnetic waves NOTE: (a) Radiation instruments that measure illuminance are not
or particles through space or matter.
Measurements
Parameter Units** Where and what to take When to take What to report
Radiation
Photon flux molm2s1 At top of plant canopy. Minimum measurements: at Average ( extremes) at the top
1 2 , nm, with ( 1 2 nm) Obtain average, maximum, start and finish of each study of the plant canopy at start and
cosine correction and minimum over plant and biweekly if studies extend end of study. Percent decrease
or or growing area. beyond 14 d. Desirable: con- or fluctuation from average over
Energy flux (irradiance), Wm2 tinuous measurement. the course of the study.
1 2 nm with ( 1 2 nm) Source(s) of radiation and
cosine correction instrument/sensor.
Spectral photon flux At top of plant canopy Minimum measurement: at Spectral distribution of
1 2 nm in 20 nm molm2s1nm1 in center of growing start and end of each study. radiation with integral
bandwidths with cosine ( 1 2 nm) area. ( 1 2 ) at start and
correction end of study. Source(s)
or or of radiation and
Spectral energy flux Wm2nm1 instrument/sensor.
(Spectral irradiance) ( 1 2 nm)
1 2 nm, in 10 nm
bandwidths with cosine
correction
Photosynthetic photon molm2s1 At top of plant canopy. Minimum measurements: at Average (extremes) at the top
flux, PPF, ( 400 700 nm) Obtain average, maximum, start and finish of each study of the plant canopy at start and
400700nm with and minimum over plant and biweekly if the study end of study. Percent decrease
cosine correction or growing area. extends beyond 14 d. Desir- or fluctuation from average over
or able: continuous measure- lthe course of the study. Source(s)
Photosynthetic irradiance Wm2 ment. of radiation and instrument/sensor.
PI, ( 400 700 nm)
400700nm with
cosine correction
Temperature
Air C At top of plant canopy. Minimum measurements: Average ( extremes) for the light
Shielded and Obtain average, maximum, measure once daily during and dark periods of the study
aspirated and minimum over plant each light and dark period at including the range of variation
( 3 ms1) growing area. least 1 h after light change. over the growing area.
device Desirable: continuous
measurement.
Temperature
Soil and liquid C In center of container. Minimum: measurements: Average ( extremes) for the light
Obtain average, maximum, measure at the middle of the and dark periods of the study
and minimum over plant light and dark periods at the including the range of variation.
growing area. start and end of the study.
Desirable: continuous
measurement.
Atmospheric moisture
Relative humidity (RH) % RH, dewpoint temperature, At top of plant canopy Minimum measurements: Average of daily readings for both
with shielded and or gm3, in center of plant once during each light light and dark periods, with range of
aspirated (3ms1) growing area. Obtain and dark period at least daily variation during studies.
psychrometer, dew- average, maximum, 1 h after light changes.
point hygrometer, and minimum over Desirable: continuous
or IRGA plant growing area. measurement.
or or
Water vapor pressure kPa
or water vapor deficit
(formerly VPD)
Air velocity ms1 At top of plant canopy. At start and end of study. Average reading and range over
Obtain average, maximum, Take 10 successive readings plant containers or top of the plant
and minimum readings over at each location and age. canopy at start and end of the
growing area. study.
Carbon dioxide
Mole fraction molmol1, At top of plant canopy. Minimum measruements: Mean of hourly average concentra-
Partial pressure Pa Obtain average, maximum, hourly measurements. tions and range of average concen-
concentration molm3 and minimum over Desirable: continuous trations over the period of the study.
plant growing area. measurements.
Watering liter (L) At times of water additions. Frequency and method of watering.
Source and amount of water added
and/or range in soil moisture
content between waterings.
Measurements
Parameter Unitsa Where and what to take When to take What to report
*USDA North Central Regional (NCR 101) Committee on Controlled Environment Technology and Use, June 1978; Revised by ASAE Environment of Plant Structures
Committee, Oct. 1978; Revised by NCR 101 Committee, March 1993. Published in part in the following references: 1, 13, 16, 17, 18, 21, 25, 29, 31, 32, 34, 35, and
36.
**Report in other subdivisions of indicated units if more convenient.
The energy flux (irradiance) is also commonly reported in Jm2s1 (equals Wm2).
Referred to as photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) for general usage and defined as photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) by many journals, professional
societies, and manufacturers of quantum sensors.
1 mSm1=10 mhocm1.