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Lahore University of Management Sciences
EE 352: Electromechanical Systems (Spring 2016-2017) Midterm
Time Allowed: 180 minutes. Maximum Marks: 100
1hp750W; o=4px10-7H/m. Assume all ac voltages values are RMS unless specified otherwise.

1. An inductor is designed using a toroidal core of relative permeability r=1000, height h=1cm,
inner radius ri=4.5cm, outer radius ro=5.5cm and BSat=0.5T. [25]
a. Find its reluctance. [3]
A 10-turn inductor is now wound with two such cores stacked on top of each other.
b. Find the reluctance and inductance of the new inductor. [3]
c. Re-design a second inductor with same inductance but a single such toroidal core. [2]
d. We now have two different inductors with same inductance. Which applications would require
the use of one over other. Explain. [2]
A third inductor is now designed with two cores of same physical dimensions and BSat as stated
above, stacked on top of each other but with different permeability i.e. r1=1000 and r2=500.
This is shown below:

e. Find the magnetic field intensity H and magnetic flux density B for each core as a function of
current flowing through the coil. [4]
f. Find the reluctance of the combined core and the number of turns required for the same
inductance as before. Assume there is no flux leakage. [3]
g. A DC voltage=10V is now applied across this inductor. Draw the current that flows through the
inductor for the first second clearly marking all values on the graph. [4]
h. Draw the effective B-H curve for this staked toroid. [4]

2. A linear DC machine is excited by a variable current source IS. It has an internal resistance
R=30m and mass of the ring is m=0.1Kg. The length of the rails is 10m and the ring has
length l =0.1m. The machine is operated in uniform magnetic flux density B=0.5T. [20]

a. Find the expression for the velocity v(t) and the displacement d(t) as a function of time. Assume
the current supplied by the current source varies with time, IS(t). [8]
b. If IS(t)=IoCoswt, sketch v(t) and d(t). Setup (dont solve) the conditions to find the amplitude
and frequency of the supplied current so that the ring slips off the barrel at ~zero speed. [6]
c. If IS(t)=IoSinwt, sketch v(t) and d(t). Setup (dont solve) the conditions to find the amplitude
and frequency of the supplied current so that the ring slips off the barrel at ~zero speed. [6]
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3. Travelers moving between US (110Vac, 60Hz) and Pakistan (220Vac, 50Hz) require a 500W
transformer to work in both countries to step-up/step-down the voltage appropriately. A similar
transformer (with LM=1mH, NP:NS=2:1) is used to drive an inductive load brought from US to
Pakistan. The load is being supplied 300W at p.f=0.7 lagging with the mains supply at 200Vrms,
50Hz. Assuming there is no leakage inductance, winding resistance or core losses: [25]
a. Find:
i. Voltage magnitude at the secondary. Assume it has a reference phase 0o. [2]
ii. Magnitude and phase of the current being supplied to the load. [2]
iii. Real, Reactive and Apparent power being supplied to the load. [3]
iv. Voltage phase at the primary. [2]
v. Magnitude and phase of the current being supplied by the mains. [2]
vi. Real, Reactive and Apparent power being supplied by the mains and the p.f. [3]
vii. Plot the phasor diagram showing all the voltages and currents including Imag. [3]
We need to design the number of turns for similar transformer (LM may be different) to maximize
utilization of the core under steady state conditions. Steel laminates are used for the core with
saturation flux density BSat, permeability , an effective area A and magnetic length l. Assume a
symmetric traversal up and down the B-H curve under steady state.
b. For sinusoidal excitation at the input i.e. (VpSin2pft or VpCos2pft), which voltage applied at t=0
will result in symmetric traversal of the B-H curve? Why? [2]
c. With your choice of excitation in part (b), find the relationship for max flux density BMax in terms
of Vrms, f, A, N and l as needed. [3]
d. Design number of turns in primary and secondary for operation in both US and Pakistan. [3]

4. Machines: [30]
a. Following figure shows the stator of a 2-phase machine with X and Y windings as indicated.

i. Find the expression for the resulting magnetic flux density if the windings are energized with
a 2-phase excitation (equal magnitude and IX leading IY by 90o phase shift). [6]
ii. Describe the behavior of the magnetic flux inside the stator. (Variation over time) [4]
b. A certain three-phase synchronous generator has the following ratings:
rotor=3000rpm; f=50Hz; Srated=90MVA; VtL-L=26kV.
i. The generator is started under open circuit and the machine is brought up to speed. If is
adjusted to 50A to produce a line-line voltage of 26kV at the terminals. The generator is
connected to the infinite bus (Vt remains unchanged in magnitude and phase) after
synchronizing but delivers zero watts and zero VARs. What is the power angle and induced
emf Ea? [4]
ii. The generator is now required to deliver 30MW at unity power factor. The Torque on the
prime mover is increased and the field current is increased to 60A to obtain p.f = 1.
Determine Ia, Ea, power angle and XS. [8]
iii. It is now required to supply 10MVARs (lagging) in addition to the power already being
delivered. Determine the new value of Ia, Ea, If and power angle . [8]