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Based on AXELOS PRINCE2 material. Reproduced under licence from AXELOS Limited. All rights reserved.
Based on AXELOS PRINCE2 material. Material is reproduced under licence from AXELOS Limited. All rights reserved.
PRINCE2 is a [registered] trade mark of AXELOS Limited, used under permission of AXELOS Limited. All rights reserved.
AXELOS is a [registered] trade mark of AXELOS Limited, used under permission of AXELOS Limited. All rights reserved.
Copyright 2014, Simplilearn, All rights reserved.
1 The Swirl logo is a trade mark of AXELOS Limited, used under the permission of AXELOS Limited. All rights reserved. Copyright 2014, Simplilearn, All rights reserved.
Objectives
The purpose of this theme is to define and implement the means by which the project will create and
verify products that are fit for purpose.[1]
It is based on the principle Focus on Products.
Quality criteria is important to determine cost and delivery timelines.
Quality is generally defined as the totality of features and inherent or assigned characteristics of a
product, person, process, service and/or system that bear on its ability to show that it meets
expectations or satisfies stated needs, requirements or specification.[2]
Quality management is defined as the coordinated activities to direct and control an organisation
with regard to quality.[3]
A quality management system is the complete set of quality standards, procedures and
responsibilities for a site or organisation.[3]
Site or Organisation: External to the project and sponsors the project work.
Quality planning is about defining the products required of the project, with their respective quality
criteria, quality methods (including effort required for quality control and product acceptance) and
the quality responsibilities of those involved.[4]
Quality control focuses on the operational techniques and activities used by those involved in the
project to fulfil the requirement for quality.[5]
Quality assurance provides a check that the projects direction and management are adequate for the
nature of the project and that it complies with relevant corporate or programme management
standards and policies.[6]
Quality assurance is about independently checking that the organisation and processes are in place
for quality planning and control. It involves contributions that are independent of the project
management team, whereas quality planning and quality control are undertaken by the project.
The image here illustrates how quality management is carried out in a project.
Figure 6.1 The quality audit trail. Copyright AXELOS Limited 2013. Material is reproduced under licence from AXELOS. All rights reserved.
8 Copyright 2014, Simplilearn, All rights reserved.
Quality Planning
The aim of quality planning is to ensure that there is an agreement with the Project Board on the
overall quality expectations and the products required with their quality criteria. It is undertaken at
project level.
defining products of the project with their respective quality criteria and quality methods.
Document
Define the customers
Understand customers projects quality Define a Quality Write Product Set up the
quality expectations acceptance expectations, Management Descriptions Quality Register
criteria projects Strategy
acceptance
criteria
The customers quality expectations are a statement about the quality expected from the project
product.
The considerations that are taken into account for customers quality expectations are as follows:
The characteristics of the key quality requirements (for example: fast/slow, large/small,
national/global).
The elements of the customers quality management system that should be used.
The criteria are compatible with each other as a set. For example, it will be unrealistic to conduct a
project for making a luxury segment car and expect it to have a low cost of production.
All criteria can be proven within the project life, or by proxy measures that provide reasonable
indicators as to whether acceptance criteria will be achieved post-project.
Acceptance criteria:
The projects acceptance criteria form a prioritised list of measurable definitions of the attributes
required for a set of products to be acceptable to key stakeholders.
Acceptance criteria should be prioritised as this helps if there has to be a trade-off between some
criteria.
Once finalised in the Project Product Description, acceptance criteria are subject to change control
and can only be changed with the approval of the Project Board.
It assists in selecting the project approach, which in turn helps define the solution or method to
be used to produce the product. It includes:
Includes
Created in the Starting up a Project process and if required can be refined during Initiating a Project
process while creating Project Plan.
Prepared during Initiating a Project and approved by the Project Board. May require to be changed
during the projects life.
It describes:
A final product of the project may consist of various components or specialist products.
Product Descriptions include:
Purpose
Need of the product
Who needs the product
Includes
Functionality of the product
Product Descriptions are not optional as they govern the product development, review and
approval. Product Descriptions also include the following:
Quality activities that need to be performed during development, review and approval of the product.
There are two types of quality methods, in-process and appraisal methods.
Appraisal methods Finished product checked against set criteria for completeness of the product.
Finished product is checked against set criteria for completeness of the product. There are two types
of appraisal methods, they are the following:
PRINCE2 specifies the roles and responsibilities for project management activities clearly. The
methodology also describes the quality responsibilities in detail. They are:
Producer
A group or a person who develops the product.
Reviewer(s)
Independent of producer, a group or person who evaluates whether product meets its
requirements as defined in its Product Descriptions.
Approver(s)
A group or a person who approves a product as being complete and fit for the purpose.
The records are updated with actual results for audit and assurance.
Product ID
Product
Method
Quality
Producer
Reviewer(s)
Approver(s)
Date
Review
Target
Date
Review
Actual
Date
Approval
Target
Date
Approval
Actual
Result
Test Ram, 20-
1 111 Inspection All Smith 14-Mar 20-Mar 21-Mar Pass
Plan Angela Mar
Performance Oliver,
2 113 Genset Dave John 20-Mar 20-Mar 27-Mar NA Fail
Test Frank
Maintenance Dave, 27-
3 113 Genset Desun James 23-Apr 23-Apr 27-Apr Pass
Test Oliver Apr
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
Performance Paul,
14 113 Genset Rex Smith 13-June 23-June
Test Amit
Quality control focuses on the operational techniques and activities used. Undertaken at the project
level. It is used:
Presenter
Chair Represents the products
producers and introduces the
Responsible for the overall product for review
conduct of the review
Responsible for tracking the
work after the review
Roles in Review
Team
Reviewer
Administrator
Reviews the product
Administrative support
Raises questions
Records reviews, results and
Confirms corrections and/or actions
improvements
PRINCE2defines the tasks for various roles that are needed to perform during review preparation.
Role Tasks
Chair/Administrator Makes administrative arrangements
Chair Checks if the product is ready for review
Chair Ensures availability of reviewers
Presenter Distributes copies of the product and its Product Description to
reviewers
Reviewer Reviews the product as per the Product Description
Reviewer Submits questions to the chair and the presenter before the review
Chair Collates the questions and sends to the presenter before the review
When organising a meeting at the work place the agenda should be sent in advance.
Product introduction
Personal introduction By the Presenter
By the Chair Brief summary of the productwho, why and
what
Product talk-through
By the Presenter
Major questions
Takes the reviewers through the product in detail
By the Chair
and addresses the question list
Each reviewer to raise questions
Reviewers to agree on actions to be taken on it
Questions that are obvious with the product
Administrator to record the action and
responsibilities
Roles Tasks
Presenter Coordinates the actions
Reviewer Signs-off individual actions
Chair Signs-off product once the actions are complete
Administrator Communicates the review outcome to relevant managers/support personnel
Administrator Saves the review and quality records
Presenter Requests approval for the product
The quality review technique can yield substantial benefits, which are as follows:
Stakeholders engagement
Leadership
Team building
Developing individuals
Quality documentation
Quality culture
The Quality Records are maintained in the Quality Register. A Quality Record:
Includes references to the quality inspection documentation. For example: Test plan, defect
statistics, metrics, etc.
o product has met its quality criteria defined in the Product Description.
o audits have been conducted as per plan and that corrective actions have been taken.
Role Responsibilities
Corporate or programme Provide details of the corporate or programme quality management system.
management Provide quality assurance.
Approve the Project Product Description.
Executive Approve the Quality Management Strategy.
Confirm acceptance of the project product.
Provide the customers quality expectations and acceptance criteria.
Approve the Project Product Description.
Senior User Approve the Quality Management Strategy.
Provide resources to undertake user quality activities and product approval.
Provide acceptance of the project product.
Text in box is from Managing Successful Projects with PRINCE2. Copyright AXELOS Limited
2013. Material is reproduced under licence from AXELOS. All rights reserved.
39 Copyright 2014, Simplilearn, All rights reserved.
Roles and Responsibilities in Quality Theme (contd.)
Role Responsibilities
Text in box is from Managing Successful Projects with PRINCE2. Copyright AXELOS Limited
2013. Material is reproduced under licence from AXELOS. All rights reserved.
40 Copyright 2014, Simplilearn, All rights reserved.
Roles and Responsibilities in Quality Theme (contd.)
Role Responsibilities
Text in box is from Managing Successful Projects with PRINCE2. Copyright AXELOS Limited
2013. Material is reproduced under licence from AXELOS. All rights reserved.
41 Copyright 2014, Simplilearn, All rights reserved.
Quiz
a. Stage Plan
b. Issue Register
c. Daily Log
d. Quality Register
a. Stage Plan
b. Issue Register
c. Daily Log
d. Quality Register
Answer: d.
Explanation: Quality Register maintains record of actions planned and done to ensure
quality.
a. Focus on products
b. Continued business justification
c. Management by stages
d. Management by exception
a. Focus on products
b. Continued business justification
c. Management by stages
d. Management by exception
Answer: a.
Explanation: Quality theme is based on the principle focus on products.
a. Project Assurance
b. Quality Assurance
c. Quality Planning
d. Quality Control
a. Project Assurance
b. Quality Assurance
c. Quality Planning
d. Quality Control
Answer: c.
Explanation: Quality planning ensures identification and definition of all the projects
product in the Product Descriptions.
a. Reviewer
b. Presenter
c. Chair
d. Team Manager
a. Reviewer
b. Presenter
c. Chair
d. Team Manager
Answer: d.
Explanation: The four review roles as per PRINCE2 are: reviewer, presenter, chair and
administrator.
a. Project Manager
b. Project Support
c. Project Board
d. Project Assurance
a. Project Manager
b. Project Support
c. Project Board
d. Project Assurance
Answer: c.
Explanation: Project Board is responsible for overall quality of the project and the approval
of Quality Management Strategy.
a. Quality Register
b. Project Product Description
c. Quality Management Strategy
d. Product Description
a. Quality Register
b. Project Product Description
c. Quality Management Strategy
d. Product Description
Answer: b.
Explanation: Project Product Description includes customers quality expectations,
acceptance criteria, method and responsibilities for the overall project and project-level
tolerances.
a. Provide assurance to the projects stakeholders that the project is being conducted
appropriately
b. Must be independent of the Project Manager, Project Support, Team Managers and
Project Teams
c.
Responsibility of the Project Board, therefore undertaken from within the project
d. Performed by personnel who are independent of the project (i.e. not a member of the
project management team)
Answer: d.
Explanation: Performed by personnel who are independent of the project (i.e. not a
member of the project management team) is true about quality assurance and not Project
Assurance.
a. Presenter
b. Reviewer
c. Chair
d. Administrator
a. Presenter
b. Reviewer
c. Chair
d. Administrator
Answer: a.
Explanation: During review preparation activity, the presenter distributes copies of the
product and its Product Description to reviewers.
a. Presenter
b. Reviewer
c. Chair
d. Administrator
a. Presenter
b. Reviewer
c. Chair
d. Administrator
Answer: b.
Explanation: Reviewer reviews the product, submits questions and confirms corrections
and/or improvements.
Here is a quick The purpose of Quality is to define and implement the means by which the
recap of what we
project will create and verify products that are fit for purpose
have learnt in this
lesson:
The aim of quality planning is to ensure that there is an agreement with the
Project Board on the overall quality expectations and the products required
with their quality criteria
Based on AXELOS PRINCE2 material. Material is reproduced under licence from AXELOS Limited. All rights reserved.
PRINCE2 is a [registered] trade mark of AXELOS Limited, used under permission of AXELOS Limited. All rights reserved.
AXELOS is a [registered] trade mark of AXELOS Limited, used under permission of AXELOS Limited. All rights reserved.
The Swirl logo is a trade mark of AXELOS Limited, used under the permission of AXELOS Limited. All rights reserved.
64 Copyright2014,
Copyright 2014, Simplilearn,
Simplilearn, All rights
All rights reserved.
reserved.
References
[1] Based on Managing Successful Projects with PRINCE2, by AXELOS. Quality, Purpose.
[2] Based on Managing Successful Projects with PRINCE2, by AXELOS. Quality, Quality.
[3] Based on Managing Successful Projects with PRINCE2, by AXELOS. Quality, Quality management
and quality management systems.
[4] Based on Managing Successful Projects with PRINCE2, by AXELOS. Quality, Quality planning.
[5] Based on Managing Successful Projects with PRINCE2, by AXELOS. Quality, Quality control.
[6] Based on Managing Successful Projects with PRINCE2, by AXELOS. Quality, Quality assurance.