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The word STEEL comes from old or Middle High German (stl, stahel or stahal) and means
solid or hard.
The importance of the words iron and steel has changed over the course of the last two
centuries. As recently as the 19th century, iron was understood to be all non-hardenable
iron-carbon alloys or not yet hardened cast iron materials, whose carbon content was
maximum 0.22% (e.g. wrought iron, puddled iron, flow iron).
Steels, on the other hand, were malleable ferrous alloys, which were hardenable or had
above-average strength values. Their carbon content was above 0.22% (wrought steel, mild
steels, tool steel).
Since the start of the 20th century, in the parlance of ironworks, steel came to mean:
an iron-carbon alloy, which can contain maximum 2.06% carbon.
With the introduction of the European regulations, a detailed definition of steels was
presented in accordance with EN 10: 020:2000
Material, whose mass fraction of iron is greater than any other element, whose carbon
content is generally less than 2% and which contains other elements. A limited number of
chromium steels may contain more than 2% carbon, but 2% is the usual limit between steel
and cast iron.

Suranaree University of Technology

Ti liu o to K S TU THY.
Tapany Udomphol May-Aug 2007
Th.S Trn Ng c Dn
 K thut hn tu thy Bi ging 1

Suranaree University of Technology

Ti liu o to K S TU THY.
Tapany Udomphol May-Aug 2007
Th.S Trn Ng c Dn
 K thut hn tu thy Bi ging 1

Ore dressing (sintering plant)

Direct reduction furnace Blast furnace Smelting reduction furnace

Suranaree University of Technology

Ti liu o to K S TU THY.
Tapany Udomphol May-Aug 2007
Th.S Trn Ng c Dn
 K thut hn tu thy Bi ging 1

Suranaree University of Technology

Ti liu o to K S TU THY.
Tapany Udomphol May-Aug 2007
Th.S Trn Ng c Dn