Insects

PRACTICAL REPORTS

The course is structured to meet the task of English for Biology

Lecture by Mrs. Nuning Wulandari

Oleh
Group 5/ Off H
Anandayu dwi arini 110341421584
Ida Nurpitasari 150342604029
Khomisatut Thoyibah 150342604725
Solichatul Afifah 150342603789
Sugi Hartono 150342608273

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MALANG

FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
JURUSAN BIOLOGI
NOPEMBER 2015

CHAPTHER 1
 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Objective of research

1. To know the definition of insects
2. To know the morphology of insects
3. To know the difference between the morphology of butterflies, dragonflies and flies

1.2 Introduction
Compared with many types of animals in the world , it turns occupying the phylum
Arthropoda sequence number one among species other animal species . Class Insecta or
insect is a type the largest ( about one million species ) . It is caused by power good body
resistance , quickly adjusting to environment and spread very wide starting from tropics to
the polar regions .
Insects Is the main group of segmented animals (arthropods) legged six (three pairs) that's
why they are called anyway Hexapoda , Insects found in nearly all environments except in
the ocean. A large family of insects grouped into 28 orders, each order has unique
characteristics that distinguish between them, the class Insecta is divided into two sub-classes
is based on the existence of organ wings have, namely subclass Apterygota for insects do not
have wings and subclass Apterygota for insects. Insect or insects are grouped into two sub-
classes are wingless insects , insects are grouped into sub- classes Apterygota and winged
insects Pterygota grouped in sub class. ( Rioardi , 2009)
These animals can live in the soil, on land, in the air, in fresh water or as a parasite
on the body of another living creature. In morphology, the adult insect body can be divided
into three main parts. Third adult insect body parts are the head (caput), chest (thorax) and
abdomen (abdomen). Caput is a construction that is solid, hard, has a pair of antennae, and
there are several suture which, according to the head of the theory of evolution consists of
four segments that experienced unification. . The head and the thorax usually has one or two
pairs of wings. Most insects undergo substantial change in form during development from the
young to the adult stage. Piston consists of three sections that are clearly visible, while the
abdomen is composed of approximately 9 segments.. More than 800,000 species are known,
most of them beetles. Other insects include flies, bees, ants, grasshoppers, butterflies,
cockroaches, aphids, and silverfish. See Notes at biomass, bug, entomology.
Insects are divided into several orders , among others : the Order Orthoptera
( nation grasshoppers ) , Order Hemiptera ( nation ladybugs ) , Order Homoptera
( leafhoppers and mites) , Order Lepidoptera ( nation butterfly / moth ) , Order Diptera
( nation flies, mosquitoes ) , Order Hymenoptera ( nation wasps, hornets , ants ) , and the
Order Odonata ( dragonflies nation )
Order orthoptera ( nation grasshoppers )
Their back legs are usually large and built for jumping.
Wings: They have two pairs of long wings, though some have no wings.
Mouth Parts: They have chewing mouthparts.
Metamorphosis: They undergo incomplete (simple) metamorphosis with the nymphs
looking like small versions of the adults (with underdeveloped wings).
Significance to Humans: They can be very destructive to crops.
Order Lepidoptera ( nation butterfly / moth )
Butterflies and moths are showy and well-known insects. Butterflies are more
commonly active in the daytime as opposed to the more nocturnal moths. Moths have
more feathered antennae and hairier bodies than butterflies. Both have larvae that can
be destructive to trees and food crops.
Wings: As adults they have two pairs of large wings covered with protective scales.
Mouth Parts: Adults have sucking mouthparts. Larvae (young stages) have chewing
mouthparts.
Metamorphosis: They undergo complete (complex) metamorphosis.
Significance to Humans: Their young form (larval caterpillars) are considered serious
pests and are responsible for crop destruction. Adults, on the other hand, can be
beneficial pollinators.
Order dipteral ( nation flies, mosquitoes )
These are known as the true flies.
Wings: They have one pair of wings - the hind wings are adapted structures called
halterers which may help with flying.
Mouth Parts: They have piercing and sucking mouthparts. Some are parasites.
Metamorphosis: They undergo complete (complex) metamorphosis.
Significance to Humans: They are considered serious pests. They destroy crops and
spread many diseases, including malaria.
Order Hymenoptera ( nation wasps, hornets , ants )
Many have an odd narrow waist between the thorax and the abdomen. Many form
colonies with different and distinct roles.
Wings: Some have wings (two pairs) and some are wingless.
Mouth Parts: Many have chewing mouthparts (ants), though some have sucking
mouthparts (honeybees).
Metamorphosis: They undergo complete (complex) metamorphosis.
 Significance to Humans: Though some have painful and venomous stings (wasps),
many are very important and beneficial pollinators (bumblebees).
Order odonata ( dragonflies nation )
Their young (larvae) are called naiads and live in the water (aquatic), so adults are
found around wet areas where they will mate and lay eggs. They are predators with
large eyes for spotting prey and strong flight for catching prey. Dragonflies hold their
wings flat and out from their bodies, while damselflies hold their wings together and
pulled into the body.
Wings: They have two pairs of long wings.
Mouth Parts: They have chewing mouthparts. Naiads have piercing mouthparts for
catching underwater prey.
Metamorphosis: They undergo incomplete (simple) metamorphosis.
Significance to Humans: They feed on insects (especially mosquitoes), so are
considered beneficial.

CHAPTER II

METHODS

A. Materials & Tools

Materials
Dragonfly
 Butterfly
Fly
Tools

Stationery
Camera
B. Work Procedurs
Prepare tools and materials

Identification morphology dragonfly

Record the identification and draw

Identification morphology butterfly

Record the identification and draw

Identification morphology fly

Record the identification and draw

CHAPTER III

DATA

Morphology of Insect

Dragonfly Butterfly Fly

 The body is divide The body is divide into The body is divide
into 3 parts : head, 3 parts : head, thorax, into 3 parts : head,
thorax, long abdomen thorax, abdomen
abdomen Have one pairs of Have one pairs of
Have one pairs of antennaes antennaes
antennaes Have two pairs of Have two pairs of
Have two pairs of wings wings
wings Have three pairs of legs Have three pairs of
Have three pairs of Have siphoning mouth legs
Facets eyes Have sponging
legs Have wide wings
Have biting mouth Have colored wings mouth
Facets eyes Facets eyes
Have straight Have wide and short
elongated wings wings
Have transparent Have transparent
wings wings

CHAPTER IV

RESULT

Analysis

Insect are a class of invertebrates within the arthropod phylum that have a
chitinousexoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed
legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae. The examples of insects are dragonfly,
butterfly, and fly. They have some differences morphology.

Dragonfly
 The body of dragonfly is divide into 3 parts : head, thorax, and long abdomen.
Dragonfly has one pairs of antennaes, two pairs of wings , and three pairs of legs. In
addition it has straight elongated wings . The type of wings is transparent wings.
Dragonfly has biting mouth and facets eyes.
Butterfly
The body of dragonfly is divide into 3 parts : head, thorax, and abdomen. Butterfly has
one pairs of antennaes, two pairs of wings , and three pairs of legs. In addition it has
wide wings . The type of wings is colored wings. Butterfly has shiponing mouth and
facets eyes.
Fly
The body of fly is divide into 3 parts : head, thorax, and abdomen. Fly has one pairs of
antennaes, two pairs of wings , and three pairs of legs. In addition it has wide and short
wings . The type of wings is transparent wings. Fly has sponging mouth and facets eyes.

The same things between dragonfly, butterfly, and fly are their body is divide into 3 parts :
head, thorax, and abdomen. They have one pairs of antennaes, two pairs of wings, three pairs
of legs, and facets eyes.

The diferences between dragonfly, butterfly, and fly are dragonfly has biting mouth,
straight elongated wings, and transparent wings. Butterfly has siphoning mouth, wide wings,
and colored wings. Fly has sponging mouth, wide and short wings, and transparent wings.

Discussion

Insects are the largest group in the animal kingdom. Scientists estimate there are over 1
million insect species on the planet, living in every conceivable environment from volcanoes
to glaciers. Insect are class of invertebrates within the arthropod phylum that have a
chitinousexoskeleton (Hadley: 2010). Insects that we observed are dragonfly, butterfly, and
fly.

From the observation dragonfly, characteristic dragonfly we get the body of dragonfly
is devide into 3 parts are head, thorax, and long abdomen. Dragonfly has one pairs of
antennaes, two pairs of wings, and three pairs of legs. In addition it has straight elongated
wings. Wingss dragonfly is transparent wings. Dragonfly has biting mouth and the type eyes
is facets eyes. David (2013) ask a dragonfly is an insect and so has three main body
segments and six legs. Other characteristics that set the dragonfly apart from other insects are
the eyes, wings, flight speed and maneuverability during flight. Dragonfly have two sets of
wings with a notch in the front edge of each wing. The front wing pairs are smaller than the
back pairs. They function independently, giving the dragonfly speed and height during flight.

From the observation butterfly, the body of dragonfly is divide into 3 parts is head,
thorax, and abdomen. Butterfly has one pairs of antennaes, two pairs of wings, and three pairs
of legs. In addition it has wide wings. the type of wings is colored wings. butterfly has
shiponing mouth and facets eyes. Edward (2008) ask the body form of a butterfly is like no
creature in the world. They are beautiful flying animals that have unique characteristics that
are unlike any other. As for an insect, they have an exoskeleton with jointed legs and three
basic body parts is head, thorax, and abdomen.

Butterflies have beautifully colored wings that appear to be every color imaginable.
They are covered in hundreds of thousands of tiny scales. The colors are determined by the
layering and overlapping of the scales. These colors offer many benefits to the insect; they
assist the butterfly by either camouflaging or by warning colorations that deter potential
predators. Many butterflies also have ultraviolet colors on their scales as well. Although
people cannot see these colors, butterflies can. Many times they are able to distinguish sexes
by these additional colors on their wings. Butterfly wings often exhibit mekanism, the
darkening of wings, veins, or wing scales and this assists with thermal regulation. Butterflies
have six jointed legs and each leg has six parts; coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia, tarsus, and
pretarsus. The tarsal segments at the ends of the legs have chemoreceptors which are
important for the butterfly to smell and taste. Butterflies have a siphoning-sucking mouthpart
structure, a proboscis. It is similar to a long tube and coils up underneath the head of the
butterfly. In the center of the proboscis there is a food tube through which the nectar is
siphoned. Butterflys have one pair of segmented antennae. The basic shape is clubbed,
meaning the segments increase in size as it gets further away from the head. For butterflies,
this usually creates a club like appearance on the tip of the antenna. Butterfly antennae have
chemoreceptors that are used for assessing the environments physical and chemical
properties (Borror et al, 1992).

The last from observation is fly, the body of dragonfly is divide into 3 parts is head,
thorax, and abdomen. Butterfly has one pairs of antennaes, one pairs of wings, and three pairs
of legs. In addition it has wide and short wings. the type of wings is transparent wings.
butterfly has shiponing mouth and facets eyes. Sharp (2013) ask all species of flies have a
segmented body with three main parts is the head, abdomen and thorax. The thorax is the
middle portion of the body and the abdomen is the end. A fly's entire body has a hard outer
surface called an exoskeleton which serves to protect the internal organs. Flies have three
pairs of jointed legs that are attached to the thorax. Each leg has five segments: the coxa,
femur, tibia, trochanter and tarsus. The bottom segment of the leg, the tarsus, has two small
claws and a pad with small glandular hairs. The claws and hairs allow the fly to stick to
surfaces even sideways or upside down. Flies' wings are transparent and have a system of
veins and ridges that provide support. These veins provide blood and oxygen to the
developing wings during the fly's larval stage. The housefly can fly up to 30 miles per hour
and beat its wings over 200 times a minute. There are tiny hairs on the surface of each wing
which are used to detect changes in air pressure during flight.

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

1. Insect are a class of invertebrates within the arthropodphylum that have

achitinousexoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of
jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae.The example of insect are
butterfly,dragonfly,and fly.
2. A.General characteristics of arthropods:
a. Segmented bodies
b. Paired, segmented appendages
c. Bilateral Symmetry
d. Exoskeleton
e. Dorsal heart and open circulatory system
 f. Ventral nerve cord
B.General characteristics of insects:
a. The body is comprised of 3 distinct body regions head, thorax, and abdomen
b. The thorax of adultsbears 3 pairs of legs and 2 pairs of wings
c. The "breathing" system is comprised of air tubes
3.A. The morphology of butterflies
The morphology of butterfly divide into 3 parts : head,thorax, and abdomen.
butterfly has one pairs of antennaes,two pairs of wings and three pairs of legs. In
addition it has wide wings . The type of wings is colored wings. Dragonfly has
shiponing mouth and facet eyes.
B. The morphology of dragonflies
The morphology of dragonfly divide into 3 parts : head,thorax, and long
abdomen. Dragonfly has one pairs of antennaes,two pairs of wings and three pairs
of legs. In addition it has straight elongated wings . The type of wings is
transparent wings. Dragonfly has bitting mouth and facet eyes.
C. The morphology of flies
The morphology of fly divide into 3 parts : head,thorax, and abdomen. Fly
has one pairs of antennaes,two pairs of wings and three pairs of legs. In addition
it has wide and short wings . the type of wings is transparent wings. Fly has
sponging mouth and facet eyes.

REFERENCES

Borror, D. J., Triplehorn C.A., Johnson, N.F. 1992. The anatomy, physiology, and
development of insects. An Introduction to the Study of Insects (6th Ed). New York:
Saunders College Publishing.

David, D. 2013. Dragonfly Characteristics. (Online),

http://www.ehow.com/info_8484333_dragonfly-characteristics.html, acessed on 8
Nopember 2015.

Edwards, R.C. 2008. Discovering the Body of Butterfly. (Online),

http://www.gardenswithwings.com/facts-
info/a0812ButterflyBody.html#sthash.xAo4Q4ed.dpuf, accessed on 8 Nopember
2015.
Hadley, D. 2010. What are Insects?. (Online),
http://insects.about.com/od/noninsectarthropods/p/arachnida.htm, acessed on 8
Nopember 2015.

Sharp, M. 2013. Characteristics of Flies. (Online),

http://www.ehow.com/info_8625475_characteristicsflies.html, acessed on 8
Nopember 2015.

Rioardi, 2009. Ordo-Ordo Serangga. http://rioardi.wordpress.com. Acessed on 7 November

2015
Rinekso,Bagas. 2014. Morfologi Serangga.
https://www.academia.edu/8845400/Morfologi_serangga. Acessed on 7 November
2015