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OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
OSH514 :
SAFETY MANAGAMENT IN
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

Lesson Plan
Introduction
Module 1: Occ. Safety and Health management and the law
Module 2: Preparing for work
Module 3: Setting up the site
Module 4: Construction-phase safety and health

INTRODUCTION
3

Management of OSH at site
Overview of OSH Management System
MS 1722
Policy
Organizing
Planning and Implementation
Evaluation
Action for improvement

OSH MS
Make compulsory as stated in Section 15, general

duties of employers to ensure so far as is
practicable the plant and system of works are
maintain safely and without risks to the employees,
other people (not its immediate workers) &
surrounding.

OSH MS 1722:2011

OSH MS 1722: Policy
The policy should be:-
a) specific to the organisation and appropriate to its size
and the nature of its activities;
b) concise, clearly written, dated and made effective by
the signature or endorsement of the employer or the
most senior accountable person in the organisation;
c) communicated and readily accessible to all persons
at their workplace;
d) reviewed for continuing suitability; and
e) employee participation
7

OSH MS 1722: Policy
Should have the following key principles:-
a) protecting the safety and health of all members of the
organisation and others who may be affected by the work
carried out;
b) preventing work-related fatalities, disabilities, injuries, ill health,
diseases, property and environmental damage and near
misses;
c) complying with relevant OSH national laws and regulations,
and other requirements to which the organisation subscribes;
d) ensuring that employees and their representatives are
consulted and encouraged to participate actively in all elements
of the OSHMS; and
e) continually improving the performance of the OSHMS.
8

OSH MS1722: Organising
In organising stages:-
Assign responsibility, accountability and
authority;
Ensure competence, training and
awareness are fulfilled;
Establish OSHMS documentation
Proper communication to the stakeholder

OSH MS1722: Planning & Implementation

In these stages:
Initial review to know the gap
Set the OSH objectives
Include OSH element in procurement &
contracting
Do the HIRARC
Emergency prevention, preparedness
and response
Management of change
10

OSH MS1722: Evaluation

The company should evaluate the
implementation OSH thru;
Performance monitoring and measurement

Incident investigation
Audit
Management review
11

OSH MS1722: Action for Improvement

Once evaluated and required improvement;
Recommend and perform preventive and

corrective actions
Findings shall be addressed
Continual improvement
12

HIRARC
13

Contents
Objectives
Accidents
Basic of accident prevention method
14

Objectives
At the end, participants would know:
Terminologies related to hazards, risks and accidents.
Exposure to accidents and its causes and consequences

happens in construction site, and
Understood and be able to elaborate the basic method of

accidents prevention
15

Definition of Hazard, Risk and

Danger
16

Hazard
Defined as source or condition which has
potential to cause injury and/or ill health to
humans, damage to property or damage to
workplace or environment or combination of any Hazard source
of the above.
Hazard may cause harm if not in control

(uncontrolled hazards)
Attack of the tiger

hazard due to potential
impact may cause harms
Note: Source OHSAS 18000 & MS1722:2003 17

Example of Hazard
Fallen from height
Tripping
18

Risks
Definition of OHSAS 18002 Combination of
likelihood or probability AND consequences/
effect for a particular hazard to happen.
Definition of MS1722 A combination of the

likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event or High risk
exposure with specified period or in specified
circumstances and the severity of injury or damage
to the health of people, property, environment or any
combination of these caused by the event or
exposure.
Low risk
19

Risks
Definition of OHSAS 18002 Combination of
likelihood or probability AND consequences/
effect for a particular hazard to happen.
Definition of MS1722 A combination of the

likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event or High risk
exposure with specified period or in specified
circumstances and the severity of injury or damage
to the health of people, property, environment or any
combination of these caused by the event or
exposure.
Low risk
20

Example of Risks
Scope of work Hazard Risk
Grinding Eyes hit by flying Eye injury or blind
debris
Welding Radiation from Eye inflammation/

the welding arc kataraks/blind
Working at height Fall from height Injury/Death
21

Danger
Danger explains relative exposure to the hazard. It shows the tendency of a
hazard hit / struck an employee in a risky situation.
Examples:
Employees who regularly handle chemicals will be more vulnerable to

the dangers of the chemicals than other employees who rarely do.
More concentrated sulfuric acid is more dangerous than the sulfuric acid
was diluted, so the risk is higher for workers handling the concentrated
acid compared to workers who handle dilute acids.
22

Do you know?
SIGNAGE MEANING THAT -
DANGER
HIGH RISK SITUATION
WARNING
MEDIUM RISK SITUATION
CAUTION
LOW RISK SITUATION
23
Sumber: Panduan ISO/IEC 51:1990 (E)
What is ACCIDENT?
24

Definition of accident
Events or conditions that are not planned or expected
Unfortunate Events as a result of negligence or ignorance
Events occurring unintentional
Events that occur due to reasons unknown
An accident is an unexpected sequence of events and unplanned

occurs through a logical sequence and by a combination of several
historical reasons cause harm either an injury or illness to people,
damage to property or the environment, accidents, near misses,
loss, or a combination of the above effects
25

Source of accident
METHOD/
PROCEDURE
MACHINERY/
EQUIPMENT
HUMAN
MATERIALS
MEDIA
26

Effect of accident
Injuries Disablement
Disability Death
Loss (monetary) Damage
Reputation Phobia/Fear
27

Cost of accident
Loss of income
Direct
Medical
(magnitud 1)
Damage of property
Indirect New workers
(magnitud 8-36)
Affect the performance
Supervisory time
Reputation
28
Video Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

Most frequent cases
Safety issues Health issues
Falls Asbestos
Mobile plant Manual handling
Falling materials and collapses Noise and vibration
Electrical accident Chemical
Trips
29

Statistic
No of reported No of workplace No of accident No of death
Year
accidents accident to/fro workplace accident
2001 84,333 67,163 17,170 958

2002 81,810 63,423 18,387 858
2003 73,858 56,249 17,609 822
2004 69,132 50,803 18,329 846
2005 61,182 43,885 17,297 773
2006 58,321 40,617 17,704 733
2007 56,339 38,657 17,682 755
2008 54,133 35,092 19,041 981
2009 55,186 34,376 20,810 663
2010 57,656 34,911 22,745 409
Source: PERKESO & JKKP (as cited by Sayani Saidon in her research on HSE in JBPM) 30

Graph: No of accident vs Years
90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
-
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
No of reported accidents No of workplace accident No of accident to/fro workplace No of death accident 31

What is your roles?
This image cannot currently be display ed.
Safety and health at work is the responsibility of every employer and

employee.
Cooperation between employers and employees is very important to

avoid any incident that threatens the safety and health at work
32

Fundamental of Accident
Prevention
33

Accidents Prevention Method

Method
C = H = Hazard identification
A = Analyse the risks
T = Take action
34

Hazard Identification
CAMKAN HAZARD (HAZARD IDENTIFICATION)
Identify and record where each hazard or potential hazard exists arising from
any type of work
Include all types of hazards i.e. physical, biological, chemical, psychosocial
For example: -
Employees who work at height might slips and fall down.
Employees who install electrical wiring, when contact to exposed cable will get
electrocuted.
35

Hazard Identification
Methods of identifying hazards
Observations & reference,
Documentation i.e. complaints, reports, proposals, records of accidents,

sick leave records, information from internet etc.
Systematic method i.e. HAZAN (Hazard Analysis)
Occupation health and safety audit
36

Analyse the Risk

ANALISA RISIKO (RISK ANALYSIS)
Simple analysis method - qualitative analysis involves a two-dimensional risk
matrix or 3-dimensional like JSA, HAZOP
Generic analysis method - based on the risk of others having the same system
Complex analysis method - for the quantitative analysis of complex systems

through certain method such as Principal Failure Analysis (Fault Tree Analysis)
Hybrid method - combining semi-quantitative as qualitative and quantitative

analysis Failure Mode & Impressions (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis)
37

Take action
TINDAKAN (ACTION)
Right action, practical and appropriate for controlling risks arising from
hazards
Involve risk control hierarchy that consists of 2 main options:
Eliminate the risk, or
Accept hazard but reduces the level of risk
38

First control method
Control the source of the hazard by
ELIMINATION
- Remove the hazard from the workplace
- Do not perform unsafe act or dangerous practices
- Eliminate harmful equipment, processes, machinery,
equipment or hazardous materials
39

Second control method
Control the source of the hazard by
SUBSTITUTION
- Substitute materials, equipment, machines with less
dangerous and safer items
- Do the same job with safer procedure/method
40

Third control method
Hazard control by ISOLATION
- Hazard isolated, contained or kept away from workers
- Hazard kept away through engineering controls such
as the installation of a dividing wall, barrier or security
fence
- Lock off / interlocking system
41

Fourth control method
Hazard control by ENGINEERING CONTROL
- Modification & Redesign
- The work, machinery or processes can be redesigned
to make them safer.
42

- Automation
- Dangerous process can be automated or mechanized.
For example, computer-controlled robots can handle spot
welding operations in car assembly plants. Precautions
should be taken to protect workers from the hazards of
robotics.
43

- Barriers
- Hazard can be blocked before it reaches workers.
For example, guard/barriers protect workers from contact
with moving parts.
44

- Absorption
- Baffles can block or absorb noise.
Typically, the most effective baffles is the one that keep the
most distance between the hazard and human
45

- Dilution
- Some hazards can be diluted or dissipated.
For example, the ventilation system can dilute the toxic gas
before it reaches the operator.
Add water
46

Fifth control method
Hazard control by ADMINISTRATION CONTROL
- Signboard
- Signboard warning or prohibition of a hazard
- Signboard rules or safe work
- OSH promotion
- OSH promotion by conducting awareness programs
such as OSH, OSH day celebrations, etc.
47

- Safe work procedures

- Employees are required to use safe work procedures when
executing the works.
- Employers are expected to ensure that employees comply
with safe work procedures. Safe work procedures should be
periodically reviewed and constantly updated.
- Supervision and training

- Initial training on safe work procedures and refresher
training should be provided. Appropriate regulation to help
workers identify hazards and assess the possible procedures.
48

Job rotations and other procedures can reduce the time workers are exposed
to hazards. For example, employees working in a given period is limited to work
involving ergonomic problems to prevent cumulative trauma injuries. Noise
process can be scheduled when no one is at work.
Housekeeping program and hygiene (cleanliness) in the workplace, repairs

and maintenance
Housekeeping at work including cleaning, waste disposal and clean-up after the
completion of a job. spill.
Hygiene practices can reduce the risk of toxic substances absorbed by workers
or taken home to their families. Street clothing should be stored in separate
lockers to avoid being contaminated by work clothing.
49

Last control method
PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
50

Job Safety Analysis
- Systematically proactive measures to prevent
accidents by identify hazards for each step / activity
assignments
- Use principles SREDIM (select, record, examine,
Develop, install & maintain)
- A basis for the formulation of safety policy, safe
systems of work or safe work procedures that can be
used in the field of training (ie courses or OJT)
- Important factors to consider when forming JSA is
- Accident frequency and severity level
- New or rarely performed work.
51

Job Safety Analysis
Select the work\process
Break into small significant

Normally, 10 steps is okay
activities
Observe and analyze in detail

potential hazard in each activities Hazard category
Develop control measures as per

hierarchy
Establish safe systems of work and

safe working instruction
Review the continually 52

Job Safety Analysis
TUGASAN: Menukar bulb lampu incandescent (mentol) jenis pin
AKTIVITI HAZARD KAWALAN

1. Periksa suis lampu dalam 1.1 kejutan elektrik 1.1.1 Matikan suis utama DB dan guna pen ujian untuk
keadaan OFF memastikan bekalan benar-benar putus
2. Tanggalkan bulb dengan 2.1 kejutan elektrik 2.1.1 Pastikan suis dimatikan
menekan sedikit bulb lampu 2.2 bulb meletup 2.2.1 Pakai cermin mata keselamatan
kedalam soketnya 2.3.kaca tajam 2.3.1 Pakai saring tangan keselamatan
3 Tukar bulb lampu baru 3.1 kejutan elektrik 3.1.1 Pastikan susi dimatikan
3.2 bulb meletup 3.2.1 Pakai cermin mata keselamatan
3.3.kaca tajam 3.3.1 Pakai sarung tangan keselamatan
4. Nyalakan lampu (ON suis) 4.1 kejutan elektrik 4.1.1 Pastikan suis ditebatkan dengan sempurna
4.2 bulb meletup 4.2.1 Pakai cermin mata keselamatan
5. Discaj bulb lampu rosak ke 5.1 bulb meletup 5.1.1 Pastikan bulb dibuang kedalam bekas khas yang tak
dalam bekas khas 5.2.kaca tajam mudah koyak dan diseal
5.1.1. Pakai cermin mata keselamatan
5.2.1 Pakai sarung tangan keselamatan
53

MODULE 1
Laws & regulations
54

Contents
Legislative requirement
OSHA
FMA
UBBL
CIDB
Others
55

FACTORIES AND MACHINERY ACT &

REGULATIONS
56

FMA 1967
Provision for control of OSH and welfare related issues in
the factory but focus on workers
Registration and inspection of machinery and all related

equipment. Covering most premises which operations
involving engineering and machinery operations EXCEPT:
Storing locomotives / vehicles where only cleaning activities,
cleaning and repairs.
Areas where only five or fewer employees whose work does not
involve the use of machinery 57

FMA 1967
Generally, the act:
Contains 11 regulations on OSH & 4 supported regulations
(administration, penalty & certification)
Registration of competent personnel,
Provision of maintenance and inspection & T&C of machinery and

installation
Endorsement for hazardous machinery
Certification for machinery installation

58

FMA 1967
Regulations relating to construction:
Building Operations and Works of Engineering Construction Safety
(BOWECS) 1986
Safety, Health and Welfare Regulations 1970
Notification, Certificate Of Fitness & Inspection Regulations 1970
Fencing Of Machinery And Safety Regulations 1970
59

FMA 1967
Others are:
Steam Boiler And Unfired Pressure Vessel Regulations 1970
Electric Passenger And Goods Lift Regulations 1970
Persons-In-Charge Regulations 1970
Administration Regulations 1970
Certificates Of Competency Examinations Regulations 1970
Compoundable Offences Regulations 1978
Lead Regulations 1984
Asbestos Process Regulations 1986 60

Notification, Certificate of Fitness and Inspection 1970

Provision for
Pursuant to Section 35 (1) required registration of BOWEC within seven
days from date of commencement, the regulation specify the forms that
must be used to notify the DOSH officer of a new occupancy of a
factory, the start of building work, the installation of certain machinery
and the notification of accidents and diseases
Describes the certificate of fitness that must be held for steam boilers,
unfired pressure vessel and hoisting machines
61

BOWECS 1986
Provision for
Safety of the construction which explains on the hazard and risk
emerge from construction and control measures
Detailing on concrete and structural work
Provision for constructions structures likes catch platform, chutes,

safety belts, ladders and scaffolds
Safety in constructions works likes demolition, excavation, manual

handling, piling, blasting and explosion
Safety of hand and power tools

62


Provision for
Safe means of access and safe place of employment, provision of edge
protection on floor openings and stairs (Regulation 7, 8)
All stairways and floors must be of good construction and properly

maintained; ladders must be of adequate construction and maintained
in a sound condition (Regulations 9 to 11)
Persons must be protected from falls of more than 10 feet by the use of
safety belts or ropes (Regulation 12)
63


Provision for
Adequate protection are necessary before working inside a confined space
(Regulation 13)
Flammable and dangerous liquids must be securely stored and precautions

taken against fire and explosion (Regulations 14 to 17, 21, 22)
Materials and finished goods must be securely stacked and stored

(Regulations 19, 20)
Specifications are laid down for cleaning of surfaces inside factory

(Regulation 23)
64


Provision for
Lighting, ventilation and climate requirements are all detailed (Regulations
24-29)
Working clothes and protective equipment (Regulation 32)
Welfare facilities such as toilets, drinking water, washing facilities and first
aid (Regulation 33 to 38)
65

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND

HEALTH ACT 1994 & REGULATIONS
66

INTRODUCTION
FMA 1967 is too prescriptive which overtime become

irrelevant and just covering mostly on workers involving
in manufacturing, mining & construction
OSHA 1994 more holistic with systematic and simpler

method to control the hazard and risk
67

OSHA 1994
Contains 67 section, 7 regulations & 2 orders
One stop center main act for OSH related issues
Duty of Care
So far as is practicable
Self-regulation
Welfare of the workers
Participation of all level

68

OSHA 1994
The purpose of the Act:
To ensure the safety, health and welfare of persons at work

against safety risks arising from work activities
Protecting other people and surrounding against health and safety

risks arising from the activities of persons at work.
Promote a safe work environment for people at work that are

tailored to their physiological and psychological needs.
69

OSHA 1994
Main provision:-
Section 15 Responsibility of employer
Ensure the safety and health of the workers are maintained
Ensure the working environment free from hazard or risk
Section 16 OSH polisy
Prepared, communicate and maintain the OSH policy according to act
Section 17 Responsibility of employers to the public or people other than

his employee
70

OSHA 1994
Main provision:-
Section 24 - Responsibility of Employee
To ensure the safety and health of yourself and others
Cooperation with employers for compliance with the Act
Section 29 - Appointment of OSH Officer
OSH officer appointed by resolution of OSH regulations
Section 30 - Establishment of Safety Committee
Establish and permit the Safety Committee to perform their roles effectively
Section 32 - NADOOPOD
A report on the accident and dangerous occurrence, occupational poisoning / disease

to the authorities
71

OTHER RELATED ACTS
72

FIRE SERVICES ACT 1988

The provisions necessary for the Fire and Rescue Department
to function effectively and efficiently, to protect people and
property from the risk of fire and for purposes connected
therewith.
Contains 63 sections and 4 rules
Key provisions: -
Elimination of fire hazard
Requirements of fire fighting equipment
Certificate Requirements (Fire Certificate) - needs to CFO

73

UBBL 1984
Enforced by local government for each state
Details specifications for premises such as lighting, ventilation,

fire protection systems etc.
Issuance of certificate of fitness for occupation (CFO) when

provisioning requirements are met
74

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT 1974

The provisions necessary to prevent, eliminate, control hazards
and risks that threaten the quality of the environment.
Intended to advise the Director-General to carry out his duties

with respect to the environment.
Contains 51 provisions and regulations 30 which includes

pollution, waste management, emissions banned substances etc.
75

ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ACT 1990

Provisions for the electrical installations and electrical equipment to
ensure the safety of the installation / equipment and also the people
involved.
Details for safety factors involving electrical works, and also

competent person who is authorized to perform electrical engineering
work
Electricity Regulations 1994 require the installation must be tested

and approved before use and should be maintained by a competent
person 76

CIDB 1994
Promotions and boost quality in the construction industry
Promote the use of standards and the development of

construction techniques and building materials
Accreditation of skilled workforce and site supervisor
Accredit and register the construction contractors as well as

suspend, terminate and re-registration the blacklisted company
77

MODULE 2
Preparing for Works
78

Contents
Introduction
Planning the work
Organizing the work
Notifying the site to HSE
79

Objective
To expose to the participant on the

preparation required before stating the
construction works
80

Introduction
To ensure that health and safety issues are planned, organized,
controlled, monitored and reviewed.
Everyone controlling site work has health and safety

responsibilities.
Ensuring that the proposed work is not going to put others at risk
requires planning and organization.
Planning for the entire duration of the project
81

Planning the work
Gathering as much health and safety information about the
project and the proposed site before work begins is important.
Sources of information include:
the client, the design team & contract documents;
contractors and consultants;
equipment and material suppliers; and
HSE guidance and standards.
82

Pre-inspection
Investigate the history of the site and its surroundings.
Inspect the site for any unusual features which might affect the work, or
how the work will affect others. Pay particular attention to:
asbestos or other contaminants;
overhead power lines and underground services;
unusual ground conditions;
public rights of way across the site;
nearby schools, footpaths, roads or railways; and
other activities going on at the site. 83

Work programme
When estimating costs and preparing the programme, consider any
particular health and safety hazards associated with the work.
Make sure suitable allowances have been made in the price.
The job will run more smoothly, efficiently and profitably if hazards
have been predicted, planned for and controlled from the outset.
Having to stop or reschedule work to deal with emergencies wastes

time and money.
84

Material/machinery safety
Inspect the machinery, plants, equipment to ensure suitability
Plan for the delivery of material, plant, equipment etc. and its storage area
Obtain health and safety information (MSDS, CSDS or manual). It may be

necessary to:
Get a specialist who is familiar with the necessary precautions;
Carry out an assessment of the health risks arising from substances

or equipment; and
act on your findings, e.g. by eliminating harmful substances where possible,

or by using a less hazardous method of work or providing training on the safe
use of the material or equipment. 85

Safe working methods
Discuss and ask the contractor on safe working practice
Identify potential hazards and risks that may arise from their works
Assess the exposure of hazard to others (public and other

contractors)
Establish safety measures
Emergency and rescue procedures
Training need analysis
PPE requirements
86

Organising the work
Manpower requirement
Experienced, background & trained worker
Subcontractor management
Monitoring and supervision
Safe working instruction to be communicated and understood
Coordination among the contractors
Work programme scheduling and organizing the jobs and

resources 87

Notify the authority
Subjected to Section 35 under Factories And Machinery Act
1967, every person who undertakes any building operations or
works of engineering construction shall notify to Department of
Occupational Safety and Health not later than seven days from
the commencement of construction activities.
The notification is exempted to the construction activities that

can be completed in a period less than six (6) weeks and does
not involve the use of machinery.
88

Authority concerned
Construction Industry Development Board
Contractor registration
Workers Safety Induction Course green card
Site registration and levy for contract sum above RM 0.5 M
Department of Occupational Safety and Health

Certificate of Fitness for machinery
Registration of on site batching plant
Appointment or termination of Safety Officer

89

Authority concerned
Department of Environment
Effluent discharge
Disturbance to nature
Local authorities - UBBL
Others BOMBA, Police or Health
90

MODULE 3
Setting up the Site
91

Contents
Site requirement
Facilities
Safety Plan
92

Objectives
At the end, participants would know:
Fundamental health and safety issues that required to be

addressed when setting up the site
93

Site Requirement
94

Site access
Activities in and out of the site must go through a
designated gateway.
Must be no barriers and is suitable for vehicles

and equipment in and out. Foreign routes for
pedestrians.
Safe access onto and around the site for people and vehicles.
Ensure vehicles can be kept clear of pedestrians at vehicle loading/unloading areas,

parking and maneuvering places and areas where drivers vision may be obstructed.
95

Workers safe passage
Worker walkway must be free from obstructions, have adequate light (50 lux) and signboards
Employees are not allowed to use the shortcut that expose them to danger.
* Rule 10 BOWEC - Access to Workplace
* Rule 20 BOWEC - Illumination of Passageways etc. 96

Site boundaries
HOARDING
Preventing unauthorized access / trespassers
Protecting the public from hazard from the site
Minimum height of 2 meters and not have any gaps or holes.
97

Facilities
98

Welfare facilities
The construction industry involves a lot of manual work and physical.
Welfare facilities should be provided so that the workers can reduce fatigue and
improve health in turn stimulate the job. Welfare facilities should be available are:
Clean water to drink Place locker / break room
Preparation of food / dining Sanitary / clean room
99

Waste area
Proper waste management at site
Designated area for temporary waste collection before shipping

out from the construction site
100

Storage
Tidy, floor clean and dry, free of tripping hazard or slippery condition.
When storing materials, ensure a safe load for the floor or racks
Maintain the work passage or emergency routes are not blocked
Ensure that building materials are not stored within 2 m of open space during
construction
101

Hazardous materials storage
Hazardous materials i.e. flammable liquid
should be stored separately from other
non-combustible materials and the storage
required special design.
Should have good air circulation.
The storage area of flammable materials must have adequate warning signs and no
smoking in the vicinity of 6 meters from it.
Flammable waste materials must be stored in special storage before being taken
out for disposal.
102

Illumination
Natural light is available for
people to see to do their work
and move about the site safely.
Provide sufficient illumination to

prevent accident
Installation of emergency lights for emergency purposes
Avoid working in dark place or insufficient brightness
103

Safety Planning
104

Safety Planning
Emergency procedures
Planning for an emergency
Fire safety
First aid
NADOOPOD
On site regulations
105

Emergency response plan should be established and maintained.
Be able to identify the potential for accidents and emergency

situations
Address the prevention of occupational safety and health risk

associated with them.
The plan should be made according to the size and nature of activity
based on relevant international standard.
106

The emergency procedures should:
(a) ensure that the necessary information, internal communication and

coordination are provided to protect all people in the event of an emergency at
the worksite;
(b) provide information and communication with the relevant authorities and the
neighbourhood and the emergency response services;
(c) address first aid, fire fighting and evacuation at construction sites; and
(d) provide relevant information and training to all members of the
organization, at all levels, including regular exercise in emergency response.

107

Planning for an emergency
6. Make the plan works

5. Delegate roles and
responsibility
4. The best plan that suit

the current work
3. Objective/scope of the plan
2. Review existing emergency plan
1. Perform HIRARC to identify immediate

dangers 108

Fire safety
Source of ignition:
- Static electricity
From the air or - Smoking
oxidizing materials
substances - Naked flame
- Electrical
equipment
- Hot surface
Flammable gases, liquids, solids
109

Fire safety
Classification of fires as per MS 1182:1990
Class A: Fires involving solid materials, usually of an organic nature, in which
combustion normally takes place with the formation of glowing embers.
Class B: Fires involving liquids or liquefiable solids.
Class C: Fires involving gases
Class D: Fires involving metals.
Class E: Fires involving electrical.

110

Fire safety: means of giving warning
Set up an alert system
Periodically test the system to familiarize
Improvement to ensure the alert system is audible

and recognizable by the workers
111

Fire safety: means of escape
Is a structural means whereby a safe route(s) is provided for
persons to travel from any point in a building to a place of safety.
Escape route should not be obstructed , safest way to safer place,

and communicated to workers
In planning means of escape, three major elements to consider:

travel distances (or, alternatively, direct distances);
escape route and exit capacities;
the number of occupants for whom means of escape must be provided

112

Fire safety: means of fighting fire
Type of Fire Extinguishers
4 main fire extinguishers:
Water Class A
Foam Class A and B
Carbon dioxide Class B and E
Dry Chemical Powder Class A, B, C and E
113

Fire safety: means of fighting fire
How to Use the Fire Extinguishers
114

Fire safety
IN THE EVENT OF FIRE
Activate the emergency bell

Evacuate the area and foes to safer place
Call the fire brigade
Inform the person in charge (BOMBA) whoever trap in
the building
If emergency siren activated, RESPONSE IMMEDIATELY

even though it is a drill
115

First aid
Provide adequate and appropriate equipment, facilities and

personnel to enable first aid to be given to workers when needed.
Provision for first aid
First aid box should be located at potential hazardous place
First aid box equipped with enough equipment to cope with numbers of
workers
An appointed person for first aid for every 50 workers
Information communicated to workers on details of appointed person or first
and where to find them and easily recognizable.
Workplace more than 200 workers should provide properly
equipped first aid or treatment room. 116

First aid
In the event of accident at work place:
Alert the qualified first aider/doctor/ambulance
Pay attention to the surrounding and ensure the area is
safe
Isolate the source of accident and evaluate the situation
or condition of the victim. If possible, do not attempt to
move the victim
Check the breathing and heart beat. If bleeding, make
effort to stop the bleeding by pressing the injured area.
Ensure victim not shivering and motivate the victim.
Do not remove any evidence.
117

Reporting the accidents
Under the OSHA 1994 and NADOOPOD 2004
regulations
Whoever in control at site has obligation to
report any incidents or accidents based on
details as prescribed in regulations
Generally, immediately report on accidents,
dangerous occurrences, occupational
poisoning & occupational diseases to
authorities.
118

On site regulations
Every workplace has specific regulations for safe work.

In form of written - includes all operations especially those involve in high
risks as working at heights, excavation, confine space and so on.
119

Signage
120

Signage
121

Signage
122

Signage
123

MODULE 4
Construction Phase
124

CONTENTS
Overview of Construction Safety
Stage 1: Infrastructure Work
Stage 2: Substructure
Stage 3: Super structure
Stage 4: Finishing works
General requirements
125

Overview of Construction Safety
126

10 common accidents
Physical Health
1. Falls incl. from height 1. Asbestos
2. Mobile plant 2. Manual handling
3. Falling objects & collapse 3. Noise &vibration
4. Electrical accidents 4. Chemicals
5. Trips
127

Survey work
Site clearing
Logistic mobilisation of materials, machine, man etc.
Earthwork
Service relocation work
Confined space
Demolition
128

Stage 1: Survey work
129

Stage 1: Survey work
JOB SCOPE: SURVEY WORK
HAZARD 1. BIOLOGICAL
CATEGORY:
2. ERGONOMIC
3. PSYCOSOCIAL
WORKPLACE HAZARD RISKS

1. BITTEN/STUNG 1. SWOLLEN
2. REPITITIVE MOVEMENT 2. BACK PAIN
3. FALLS 3. INJURY
4. HEAT STRESS 4. FAINT/UNCONCIOUS
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR CONTROL MEASURE

1. WILD ANIMAL OR INSECTS 1. INSECT REPELENT CREAM
2. LIFTING HEAVY EQUIPMENTS 2.PPE - COVERALL, SAFETY BOOT, HAT
3. TRIPPING & SLIPPING 3. PROPER MANUAL HANDLING ETC
4. SUN RADIANCE
130

Stage 1: Site clearing
131

Stage 1: Site clearing
JOB SCOPE: SITE CLEARING
CATEGORY:
2. PHYSICAL
3. PSYCOSOCIAL

1. BITTEN/STUNG 1. SWOLLEN
2. MACHINERY OVERTURN 2. INJURY
3. FALLS 3. INJURY

2. UNEVEN @ UNSTABLE GROUND 2. PPE - COVERALL, SAFETY BOOT, HAT
3. TRIPPING & SLIPPING 3. PROPER MANUAL HANDLING
4. SUN RADIANCE 4. JOB ROTATION ETC
132

Stage 1: Earth work
133

Stage 1: Earth work
JOB SCOPE: EARTH WORK
CATEGORY:
2. PHYSICAL
3. PSYCOSOCIAL

1. EXTREME WEATHER 1. ILL HEALTH
3. SLIP, TRIP OR FALLS 3. INJURY

2. UNEVEN/UNSTABLE/SOFT GROUND 2. STABILISED THE GROUND, LEVELING
4. SUN RADIANCE 4. PPE - COVERALL, SAFETY BOOT, HAT ETC
134

Stage 1: Service relocation work
135

Stage 1: Service relocation work
JOB SCOPE: SERVICE RELOCATION WORK
CATEGORY:
2. CHEMICAL
3. PSYCOSOCIAL

2. ENBANKMENT COLLAPSE 2. INJURY, DEATH
3. SLIP, TRIP & FALLS 3. INJURY
4. UTILITIES DAMAGE 4. UTILITIES BREAKDOWN

1. UNEVEN GROUND 1. STABILSED THE GROUND
2. SOFT/UNSTABLE SOIL 2. STABILISED SOIL, SUPERVISION
3. TRIPPING & SLIPPING 3. PROPER MANUAL HANDLING, COMPETENCY
4. EXCAVATION 4. PPE - COVERALL, SAFETY BOOT, HAT ETC
136

Stage 1: Confined space
OKSIGEN > 23% (oxygen richness) cause flammable

materials or liquids easily caught fire
When Oxygen < 19.5% oxygen deficiency causing
dizziness and faint/unconcoius
137

Why confined space is dangerous place
Closed manhole/sewage tunnel for a long period accumulate
toxic gaseous or flammable gaseous likes hydrogen sulfide,
ammonia, methane or else.
Also contaminated
Sometimes, toxic due to leaks of
materials/substances/ tanks or pipelines
H2 S
wastes were illegally containing toxic
dump into the sewage materials which
lines or manholes. seep through the
CH4 sol to the sewage
lines or manhole.
138

Prior to confined space works, obtain permit from relevant
authorities and ensure the site has been inspected by
competent person and approved to enter.
139

JOB SCOPE: CONFINED SPACE
CATEGORY:
2. CHEMICAL
3. PSYCOSOCIAL
4. ERGONOMICS
1. SUFFOCATION 1. FAINT/DEATH
2. ELECTROCUTION 2. INJURY, DEATH
3. SLIP, TRIP, FALLS 3. INJURY
4. INHALATION OF TOXIC GASEOUS 4. FAINT/UNCONCIOUS/DEATH

1. RESPIRATORY FAILURE 1. ADEQUATE VENTILATION, GAS DETECTOR
2. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION/CABLE 2. CABLE DETECTION, PTW APPROVAL
4. TOXIC GASOUES 4. PPE - COVERALL, SAFETY BOOT, HAT, SCBA
140

PPE confined space
Fresh air
??
O2
??
O2
?? O2
O2
If the concentration still hazardous, the workers shall wear proper

PPE likes respirator or self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
141

Equipment used for confined space entry
142

Stage 1: Demolition
Done by competence person or company registered with

authorities
Method of demolition is depending on design and construction
of the building
Prior to work, approval from relevant authorities 143

Stage 1: Demolition
JOB SCOPE: DEMOLITION
CATEGORY:
2. ERGONOMIC
3. PSYCOSOCIAL

1. HIT BY FLYING OBJECT 1. INJURY
2. ERGONOMICS 2. BACK PAIN
5. FALL FROM HEIGHT 5. INJURY DEATH
1. FLYING OBJECT/DEBRIS 1. ISOLATION, NETTING
2. REPITITIVE MOVEMENT 2. JOB ROTATION, PROPER EQUIPMENT
144

Remove fragile object such as glasses and
disconnect gas pipelines, electricity, water
Sufficient warning sign and ensure proper
communication to stakeholder especially public
Get consent from relevant authorities
Thorough inspection of the structures of the building
to be demolished.
Supervised and monitor by competent person during
the works
Where practicable, works only on approved platform
design for the work
Obey safe procedure working at height
145

Foundation works
Piling work safety
Concreting work safety
Welding and cutting work safety
146

Stage 2: Piling work
147

Stage 2: Piling work
JOB SCOPE: PILING WORK
HAZARD 1. PHYSICAL
CATEGORY:
2. ERGONOMIC
3. PSYCOSOCIAL

1. NOISE AND VIBRATION 1. HEARING PROBLEM, DEAFNESS
2. GROUND FAILURE 2. INJURY, DEATH
3. FALLS 3. INJURY

1. NOISE 1. ISOLATION
2. SOFT GROUND, UNSTABLE 2. SOP, SUPERVISION
3. OPENING, EXCAVATION 3. SIGNAGE, PTW,
148

Stage 2: Concreting work
149

Stage 2: Concreting work
JOB SCOPE: CONCRETING WORK
HAZARD 1. PHYSICAL
CATEGORY:
2. ERGONOMIC
3. PSYCOSOCIAL

1. FALLING FROM HEIGHT 1. INJURY, DEATH
2. REPITITIVE MOVEMENT 2. BACK PAIN

1. UNSAFE ACT, NEGLIGENT 1. SIGNAGE, RAILINGS, NETTING
2. LIFTING HEAVY EQUIPMENTS 2. PROPER MANUAL HANDLING
3. TRIPPING & SLIPPING 3. HOUSEKEEPING
150

Stage 2: Welding and cutting
Gas cutting and welding Electrical arc welding

Oxy-acetylene
151

JOB SCOPE: WELDING AND CUTTING
HAZARD 1. PHYSICAL
CATEGORY:
2. CHEMICAL
3. BIOLOGICAL

1. FALLING OBJECT 1. INJURY
2. SMOKE, HARMFUL GASEOUS 2. RESPIRATORY PROBLEM
3. FIRE & EXPLOSION 3. INJURY , DEATH

1. NEGLIGENT 1. HOUSEKEEPING, TOE BOARD
2. TOXIC GASOUES OF WELDING 2. VENTILATION, RESPIRATOR
3. WELDING EQUIPMENT 3. SOP, SUPERVISION
4. PPE WELDER MASK, SAFETY BOOT, HAT
4. SUN RADIANCE 152
ETC
Ensure work place well ventilated

Ensure work place or surrounding free from flammable or
combustible materials
If arc welding, emergency cut off located at reachable distance
All the equipment are inspected and free from defect.
Stand by extinguishment equipment in case of fire
153

Gas cylinder stored upright and in special secured cage with

good ventilation
Keep distance gas cylinder storage from occupied place and
flammable materials
Isolate and label empty cylinder
Do not store cylinder in confined space or under ground store
or enclosed place. 154

Scaffolds
Temporary structure
Chutes
Catch platform
Ladder safety
Lifting Operations
Passenger Hoist
Lifting crane
155

Stage 3: Scaffolding
Sebuah platfom sementara yang tinggi bagi

membantu melaksanakan sesuatu kerja
156

Stage 3: Scaffolding
157

Stage 3: Scaffolding safety
The scaffolding should be designed, erected, modified, maintained

and dismantled by ONLY competent and skilled worker which
supervised by competent personnel.
Mandatory requirement to inspect and approve the scaffolding once in
a week or after bad weather (rains, heavy storm etc) and such
inspection should be recorded.
Safety of scaffold depending on:
Erection comply with manufacturers OEM, specification, code of
practice and done by skilled and competence workers
The in and out pathway is safe 158

Stage 3: Scaffolding tag
159

Static scaffold should not be more than 15 m & mobile not

more than 9.6 m or 12 m if secured to fixed structure.
Minimum size for wheel of mobile scaffold is 5 inches and
properly secured on level ground and locked before
working.
Do not move/push the mobile while people or materials still
on top
Mechanically push or pull the scaffold is not recommended 160

No gap more than 1 between platform.

Platform more than 2 meter should install guard rail high about 1
meter from platform and toe board min 6 inches high.
Calculation and endorsement for scaffold more than 40 m high for
tubular and 15 m for other types
Structure strengthening required for loading bay or storage bay
and safely blockaded with guard rail and toe board 161

Stage 3: Scaffolds & Formwork
JOB SCOPE: SCAFFOLDS AND FORMWORK
HAZARD 1. PHYSICAL
CATEGORY:
2. ERGONOMICS
3. BIOLOGICAL

2. ELECTROCUTION 2. INJURY DEATH
3. COLLAPSE 3. INJURY , DEATH

1. NEGLIGENT 1. HOUSEKEEPING, TOE BOARD
2. ELECTRICAL 2. EARTHING, CHECK THE POWERED EQPT ETC
3. UNSTABLE STRUCTURE 3. SOP, COMPETENCY, INSPECTION
4. PPE WELDER MASK, SAFETY BOOT, HAT
4. SUN RADIANCE 162
ETC
Stage 3: Fall prevention method
Personal Fall Guardrails Safety netting

Arrest System
(PFAS)
163

Stage 3: Fall prevention method
164

Temporary structure
Use of approved chute

for waste removal for
height more than 6 m
Barricade, isolate or
fence off the collection
area
165

Temporary structure
CATCH PLATFORM
Construction waste that falls can be arrested by the use of catch

platforms.
Catch platforms should be cleaned daily to avoid the overloading

which will cause it to collapse.
166

Stage 3: Ladder safety
Straight ladder or access ladder for accessing to
and from a space or place
Step ladder for performance of work
167

Set the ladder on a flat and firm

ground
Do not work on the stairs in front
of a closed door
Tie the ladder at the top and
bottom in the absence of helper
Stairs must have a height of 1m
above the landing (roof & height)
Use the principle of 1:4
168

JOB SCOPE: LADDER SAFETY
HAZARD 1. PHYSICAL
CATEGORY:
2. ERGONOMIC

1. FALL FROM HEIGHT 1. INJURY
2. REPITITIVE MOVEMENT 2. BODY PAIN
4. AWKWARD POSTURE 4. BODY PAIN

1. UNSAFE ACT, NEGLIGENT 1. PROPER TRAINING, LADDER INSPECTION
2. LIFTING HEAVY EQUIPMENTS 2. PROPER MANUAL HANDLING
3. UNSAFE ACT 3. SUPERVISION, SAFE WORK PROCEDURE
4. AWKWARD POSTURE 4. PPE - COVERALL, SAFETY BOOT, HAT ETC
169

Stage 3: Passenger Hoist
Hoist must be installed or dismantled by trained and

competence person
Only operate approved hoist
The hoist should be operated by trained hoist operator
Hoist must be equipped with 'fall arrester' and 'over-run', in
place of 2m high fence out and the safe working load as shown
in the hoist. 170

Stage 3: Passenger Hoist
JOB SCOPE: PASSENGER HOIST
HAZARD 1. PHYSICAL
CATEGORY:

1. FALL FROM HEIGHT 1. INJURY
2. PINCHED/STUCK IN BETWEEN 2. INJURY

1. UNSAFE LIFTING DEVICES 1. CERTIFIED LIFTING DEVICES
2. NEGLIGENT 2. PROPER TRAINING, SOP
3. NEGLIGENT 3. SAFE WALKWAY, OVERHEAD PROTECTION
4. SIGNAGE
171

Stage 3: Lifting crane
A crane is equipment that be able to lift up or down

or transfer loads using its long boom
Type found at site:
Crawler crane
Mobile crane
Tower crane 172

Risks associated with crane
173

Loads
Load calculation basing on materials delivery note
Ensure calculation is right and should be done by competent
person
Ensure the loading capacity within acceptable range of the
crane
Load capacity depending on
Ground condition & surface condition
Wind direction
Other loads
Cable, sling and other lifting equipment
Ensure the crane operator know:
Load capacity
Scope
Lifting procedure 174

Accident involving crane
IMBALANCE LOADS
175

Stage 3: Lifting crane
JOB SCOPE: LIFTING CRANE
HAZARD 1. PHYSICAL
CATEGORY:

2. CRANE FAILURE 2. DAMAGE PROPERTY, INJURY, DEATH
3. GROUND/FOUNDATION FAILURE 3. DAMAGE PROPERTY, INJURY, DEATH
4. COMMUNICATION FAILURE 4. MISPLACE, ACCIDENT

1. HUMAN/MECHANICAL ERROR 1. APPROVED CRANE,
2. HUMAN/MECHANICAL ERROR 2. LIFTING/RIGGING SOP
3. SOFT/UNSTABLE SOIL 3. PROPER CRANE HANDLING
4. INCOMPETENT, HUMAN ERROR 4. TRAINED OPERATOR
176

Roofing work
Insulation & cladding work
Electrical safety
Testing and Commissioning
177

Stage 4: Roofing work
Risk associated with working on the roof

Falling from roof
Falling when stepping onto rotten roof
Fall from stair or scaffolding
Lightning strike when bad weather
178

179

JOB SCOPE: ROOFING WORK
HAZARD 1. PHYSICAL
CATEGORY:
2. ERGONOMIC

1. FALLING FROM HEIGHT 1. INJURY, DEATH
2. FALLING OBJECT 2. INJURY, DEATH
3. STRIKE BY LIGTHNING 3. INJURY, DEATH

1. HUMAN/MECHANICAL ERROR 1. FALL PROTECTION, WARNING SIGN
2. INSECURED, HUMAN ERROR 2. TRAINING
3. LIGTHNING 3. SOP, SAFE WORKING INSTRUCTION
180

Stage 4: Painting
181

Stage 4: Painting
JOB SCOPE: PAINTING
HAZARD 1. PHYSICAL
CATEGORY:
2. CHEMICAL
3. ERGONOMICS

1. FALLING FROM HEIGHT 1. INJURY

1. HUMAN BEHAVIOUR 1. FALL PROTECTION, SIGNAGE
2. UNSAFE ACT 2. TRAINING, SUPERVISON
3. REPEATITIVE MOVEMENT 3. PROPER MANUAL HANDLING
4. SUN RADIANCE 4. PPE - COVERALL, SAFETY BOOT, HAT
182

Stage 4: Plastering
183

Stage 4: Plastering
JOB SCOPE: PLASTERING
HAZARD 1. PHYSICAL
CATEGORY:
2. CHEMICAL
3. ERGONOMICS

1. FALLING FROM HEIGHT 1. INJURY

1. HUMAN BEHAVIOUR 1. FALL PROTECTION, SIGNAGE
2. UNSAFE ACT 2. TRAINING, SUPERVISON
3. REPEATITIVE MOVEMENT 3. PROPER MANUAL HANDLING
4. SUN RADIANCE 4. PPE - COVERALL, SAFETY BOOT, HAT
184

Stage 4: Electrical safety
Electrical energy is hazard that is -
Unseen
No smell
Quiet
Electrical energy flow thru
conductor -
Metal
Water
Human body
Object non conductive (insulation) wood, plastic, glass,

rubber etc
185

Basic safety precaution in electrical is important when
performing electrical work. Hazard from electrical
Electrocuted
Fire
Electric static
Explosion
Two main protection from electricity: -

Protection from direct contact insulation
Protection from indirect contact earthing
186

The degree of electrocution

depending on:
Flow of current in body
Amount of current enter the
body
Period of exposure
187

AMOUNT OF
SEVERITY / CONSEQUENCES
CURRENT
< 1 mA NO HARM
1-8 mA SLIGHTLY SHOCK, BUT NOT SO HURT AND MIGHT TEMPORARY LOOSE MUSCLE
CONTROL
8-15 mA PANTFUL SHOCK EFFECT, HAZARD RELEASE BY ITSELF
15-20 mA PAINFUL SHOCK EFFECT, THE HAZARD CAN NOT BE RELEASED ON ITS OWN AND
LOSS OF MUSCLE CONTROL
20-50 mA PAINFUL; SEVERE CONTRACTION IN THE MUSCLES AND DIFFICULTY IN
BREATHING
100-200 mA VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION WHICH IS A HEART CONDITION THAT CAN RESULT
IN DEATH
> 200 mA SEVERE BURNS AND SEVERE CONTRACTION IN THE MUSCLES, CAUSING THE
MUSCLES IN THE CHEST COMPRESS THE HEART AND CAUSE CARDIAC ARREST
(DEATH)
188

JOB SCOPE: ELECTRICAL WORK
HAZARD 1. PHYSICAL
CATEGORY:
2. ERGONOMIC

1. ELECTROCUTION 1. INJURY, DEATH
2. SHARP EDGE 2. BACK PAIN
3. TRIP, SLIP OR FALLS 3. INJURY

1. ELECTRICITY 1. LOCKOUT TAG OUT PROCEDURE
2. LIFTING HEAVY EQUIPMENTS 2. PPE - COVERALL, SAFETY BOOT, HAT
3. TRIPPING & SLIPPING 3. GOOD MANUAL HANDLING & HOUSEKEEPING
4. SUN RADIANCE 4. SOP, TRAINING AND COMPETENCY ETC 189

FUSE
MCCB
MCB ELCB / RCCB
HRC FUSE CUT OUT FUSE 190

Hand power tool safety
Road traffic management
Working over water
Permit to Work
191

Section 147 153 BOWEC Hand & Power Tools
192

Well maintained
Right tools
Inspect before use
Follow instruction
Right PPE
193

Do not use defective
tools
Must have protection or

guarding
194

Use according to the capacity
specified by the manufacturer
Wear appropriate PPE - gloves
and safety shoes
Store in a dry place
Precautious if working in a
humid place
Ensure sufficient light
195

Use of modified tool grinder
196

Traffic management
Work system should be planned carefully so as not to

endanger road users and workers themselves.
Accidents can happen to other users as a result of broken
machinery or vehicles site if negligent. 197

Traffic management
Local authorities and the police
should be contacted to determine if
the right job path should be closed
and traffic control systems such as
temporary traffic lights and clear
signage should be used to control
the flow of traffic
Traffic Signal Manual must be used to determine the needs

and size of the safety zone signal is necessary.
198

Working over water
Working over the water surface
exposes the workers to risk of
drowning or swept away when fall
into the water.
Safety precautions must be observed
so that the employee is not dropped
or pushed into the water.
Determine the employee can be
saved in the shortest period if they
fall into the water.
199

Working over water
Helmet and non slippery

safety boot shall be
wearing all time
Workers shall wears

floatable safety jacket
200

Working over water
When working on swift currents, run the rope or net across the surface
of the water on the downstream side of all workplace locations and
equipped with floats or other tools that can help the employee to float
during emergency.
The line must be tied to a solid structure at each end. 201

Working over water
A platform must be
built properly and
equipped with retaining
bar and toe-board
around.
Safety nets will catch

fallen worker which
then can be rescued by
boat.
Rescue Line (grab lines) should be placed with
some distance (reachable distance) to the
structure or platform. 202

Permit To Work
PTW system is a formal written system used to
regulate certain occupations that have been
identified to possess potential hazards and risks
and also one of the means of communication
between employers (who create jobs & Hazard)
and employees.
Based on the definition by the International
Association of Oil and Gas Association (OGP) in
the Guidelines in PTW system, serial Report
6.29/189; published in January 1993
203

Objective of PTW
To avoid or reduce the risk of a serious accident or

incident for the work to be carried out
To control and coordinate work activities
To provide a system of communication between the end
users or employers with subcontractors
Evidence or record of evidence
204

Characteristic of PTW
A formal written system detailing on working, attached with
HIRARC or similar
A form of safe work instructions
Ensure that all elements of the work system are adhered to
Clearly identifies the responsibilities of each person
involved
The involvement of all relevant parties, including
contractors
Ensure everyone is trained
A checking mechanism (check & balance)
205

Example of PTW
Hot work such as welding, gas cutting, etc
Electrical works
Working with hazardous materials
Confined space
Working over/in the water
Handle radioactive materials and explosives
Lifting heavy materials etc.
...........SO ON...
206

Type of PTW
Hot work Permit
General Work Permit i.e. Cold Work
Electrical Work Permit
Radiation Work Permit
Pressure Testing Permit
Lifting Permit
Blasting Permit etc
207

Procedure of PTW
208

THE END
Thanks you
209

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OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

Module 1: Occ. Safety and Health management and the law

Module 2: Preparing for work

Module 3: Setting up the site

Module 4: Construction-phase safety and health

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

Planning and Implementation

Action for improvement

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

Make compulsory as stated in Section 15, general

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

OSH MS1722: Planning & Implementation

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

OSH MS1722: Evaluation

Performance monitoring and measurement

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

OSH MS1722: Action for Improvement

Recommend and perform preventive and

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

Basic of accident prevention method

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

Terminologies related to hazards, risks and accidents.

Exposure to accidents and its causes and consequences

Understood and be able to elaborate the basic method of

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

Definition of Hazard, Risk and

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

Hazard may cause harm if not in control

Attack of the tiger

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Fallen from height

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

Definition of MS1722 A combination of the

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

Definition of MS1722 A combination of the

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

Welding Radiation from Eye inflammation/

Working at height Fall from height Injury/Death

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Employees who regularly handle chemicals will be more vulnerable to

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

HIGH RISK SITUATION

MEDIUM RISK SITUATION

LOW RISK SITUATION

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

Unfortunate Events as a result of negligence or ignorance

Events occurring unintentional

Events that occur due to reasons unknown

An accident is an unexpected sequence of events and unplanned

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

Loss (monetary) Damage

Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

Video Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com

Mobile plant Manual handling

Falling materials and collapses Noise and vibration