Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
V100R005C01
Commissioning Guide
Issue 03
Date 2013-05-15
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Notice
The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the
customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the
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and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations
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The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
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Website: http://www.huawei.com
Email: support@huawei.com
Related Versions
The following table lists the product versions related to this document.
Intended Audience
This document describes how to commission the OptiX RTN 905, including preparations before
commissioning, site commissioning, and system commissioning.
Symbol Conventions
The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Symbol Description
Symbol Description
General Conventions
The general conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Convention Description
Command Conventions
The command conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Convention Description
GUI Conventions
The GUI conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Convention Description
Change History
Updates between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document issue contains
all updates made in previous issues.
Change Description
Change Description
Contents
3 Commissioning Preparations....................................................................................................24
3.1 Preparing Documents and Tools.......................................................................................................................25
3.2 Preparing the Certification File for NE Access from a USB Flash Drive........................................................26
3.3 Obtaining a USB Flash Drive...........................................................................................................................28
3.4 Determining the Commissioning Method........................................................................................................28
3.5 Checking Commissioning Conditions..............................................................................................................29
3.5.1 Site Commissioning.................................................................................................................................29
3.5.2 System Commissioning...........................................................................................................................30
4 Commissioning Process.............................................................................................................31
4.1 Site Commissioning Process............................................................................................................................32
8 System Commissioning............................................................................................................113
8.1 Configuring Networkwide Service Data........................................................................................................115
8.1.1 Creating NEs by Using the Search Method (U2000)............................................................................115
8.1.2 Changing the NE ID..............................................................................................................................117
8.1.3 Changing the NE Name.........................................................................................................................118
8.1.4 Setting NE Communication Parameters................................................................................................119
8.1.5 Enabling NE Automatic Reporting........................................................................................................120
8.1.6 Configuring the Logical Board..............................................................................................................121
8.1.7 Configuring an SFP Port........................................................................................................................122
8.1.8 Configuring the VLAN ID and Bandwidth Used by an Inband DCN...................................................125
8.1.9 Configuring Ports Where Inband DCN Needs to Be Enabled...............................................................126
8.1.10 Changing the Runtime Mode of a Modem Chip.................................................................................127
8.1.11 Configuring a Single-Hop Radio Link................................................................................................128
8.1.12 Modifying the Parameters of IF 1+1 Protection..................................................................................131
8.1.13 Synchronizing the NE Time (U2000)..................................................................................................133
8.1.14 Creating the Cross-Connections of Point-to-Point Services................................................................135
8.1.15 Configuring the Clock Sources............................................................................................................137
8.2 Testing Connectivity of E1 Services..............................................................................................................138
8.2.1 Testing E1 Services by Using a BER Tester.........................................................................................138
8.2.2 Testing E1 Services Using PRBS..........................................................................................................140
8.3 Testing Connectivity of Ethernet Services.....................................................................................................142
8.3.1 Testing Ethernet Services Configured on a Per-NE Basis.....................................................................142
8.3.2 Testing Ethernet Services Configured in an End-to-End Manner.........................................................147
8.4 Testing AM Shifts..........................................................................................................................................150
8.5 Testing Protection Switching..........................................................................................................................151
8.5.1 Testing IF 1+1 Protection Switching (OptiX RTN 905 2A).................................................................151
8.5.2 Testing IF 1+1 Protection Switching (OptiX RTN 905 1C).................................................................153
8.5.3 Testing SNCP Switching.......................................................................................................................154
8.5.4 Testing ERPS Switching.......................................................................................................................158
8.5.5 Testing MPLS APS Protection Switching.............................................................................................160
8.5.6 Testing Linear MSP Switching..............................................................................................................163
8.6 Checking the Clock Status..............................................................................................................................166
8.7 Testing the FM over a Radio Link..................................................................................................................167
8.8 Testing E1 Service Performance....................................................................................................................172
9 Site Commissioning Data Script Generation Using the Offline Configuration Function
..........................................................................................................................................................180
9.1 Process of Generating a Commissioning Data Script.....................................................................................181
9.1.1 Creating a Pre-configured NE...............................................................................................................181
9.1.2 Configuring Site Commissioning Data..................................................................................................186
9.1.3 Generating a Commissioning Data Script.............................................................................................190
A Glossary......................................................................................................................................195
1 Safety Precautions
This topic describes the safety precautions that you must follow when installing, operating, and
maintaining Huawei devices.
Grounding Requirements
The grounding requirements are applicable to the device that needs to be grounded.
l When installing the device, always connect the grounding facilities first. When removing
the device, always disconnect the grounding facilities last.
l Ensure that the grounding conductor is intact.
l Do not operate the device in the absence of a suitably installed grounding conductor.
l The device must be connected to the PGND permanently. Before operating the device,
check the electrical connections of the device, and ensure that the device is properly
grounded.
Human Safety
l When there is a risk of a lightning strike, do not operate the fixed terminal or touch the
cables.
l When there is risk of a lightning strike, unplug the AC power connector. Do not use the
fixed terminal or touch the terminal or antenna connector.
NOTE
The preceding requirements apply to wireless fixed station terminals.
l To avoid electric shocks, do not connect safety extra-low voltage (SELV) circuits to
telephone-network voltage (TNV) circuits.
l Do not look into optical ports without eye protection. Otherwise, human eyes may be hurt
by laser beams.
l Before operating the device, wear an ESD protective coat, ESD gloves, and an ESD wrist
strap. In addition, you need to get off the conductive objects, such as jewelry and watches,
to prevent electric shock and burn.
l In case of fire, escape from the building or site where the device is located and press the
fire alarm bell or dial the telephone number for fire alarms. Do not enter the burning building
again in any situation.
Device Safety
l Before any operation, install the device firmly on the ground or other rigid objects, such as
on a wall or in a rack.
l When the system is working, ensure that the ventilation hole is not blocked.
l When installing the front panel, use a tool to tighten the screws firmly, if required.
l After installing the device, clean up the packing materials.
Table 1-1 Warning and safety symbols of the OptiX RTN 905
Symbol Indication
Symbol Indication
A notice with this symbol indicates that the air filter should
ATTENTION be cleaned periodically.
CLEAN PERIODICALLY
High Voltage
DANGER
l A high-voltage power supply provides power for device operations. Direct human contact
with the high voltage power supply or human contact through damp objects can be fatal.
l Unspecified or unauthorized high voltage operations could result in fire or electric shock, or
both.
Thunderstorm
The requirements apply only to wireless base stations or devices with antennas and feeders.
DANGER
Do not perform operations on high voltage, AC power, towers, or backstays in stormy weather
conditions.
WARNING
Before powering on a device, ground the device. Otherwise, the safety of humans and the device
cannot be ensured.
If a high leakage current mark is labeled near the power connector of the device, you must
connect the PGND terminal on the shell to the ground before connecting the device to an A/C
input power supply. This is to prevent the electric shock caused by leakage current of the device.
Power Cables
DANGER
Do not install or remove the power cable with a live line. Transient contact between the core of
the power cable and the conductor may generate electric arc or spark, which may cause fire or
eye injury.
l Before installing or removing power cables, you must power off the device.
l Before connecting a power cable, you must ensure that the label on the power cable is
correct.
DANGER
Installing or removing a device is prohibited if the device is on.
DANGER
Do not install or remove the power cables of the equipment when it is powered on.
Short Circuits
When installing and maintaining devices, place and use the associated tools and instruments in
accordance with regulations to avoid short-circuits caused by metal objects.
CAUTION
To avoid short-circuits when using a tool (such as a screwdriver), do not place the tool on the
ventilation plate of the subrack.
CAUTION
Prevent any screws from dropping into the subrack or chassis to avoid short-circuits.
Fuse
WARNING
If the fuse on a device blows, replace the fuse with a fuse of the same type and specifications to
ensure safe operation of the device.
Electrostatic Discharge
CAUTION
The static electricity generated by the human body may damage the electrostatic sensitive
components on the board, such as the large-scale integrated circuit (LSI).
l The human body can generate static electromagnetic fields in the following situations:
physical movement, clothing friction, friction between shoes and the ground, plastics in
the hand. Such static electromagnetic effects can remain for an appreciable time.
l Before operating a device, circuit boards, or ASICs, wear an ESD wrist strap that is properly
grounded. The ESD wrist strap can prevent the electrostatic-sensitive components from
being damaged by the static electricity in the human body.
Figure 1-1 shows the method of wearing an ESD wrist strap.
DANGER
Do not place or operate devices in an environment of flammable or explosive air or gas.
DANGER
Before operating a storage battery, you must read the safety precautions carefully and be familiar
with the method of connecting a storage battery.
l Incorrect operations of storage batteries cause hazards. During operation, prevent any short-
circuit, and prevent the electrolyte from overflowing or leakage.
l If the electrolyte overflows, it causes potential hazards to the device. The electrolyte may
corrode metal parts and the circuit boards, and ultimately damage the circuit boards.
l A storage battery contains a great deal of energy. Misoperations may cause a short-circuit,
which leads to human injuries.
Basic Precautions
To ensure safety, note the following points before installing or maintaining the storage battery:
Short-Circuit
DANGER
A battery short-circuit may cause human injuries. Although the voltage of an ordinary battery
is low, the instantaneous high current caused by a short-circuit emits a great deal of energy.
Avoid any short-circuit of batteries caused by metal objects. If possible, disconnect the working
battery before performing other operations.
Hazardous Gas
CAUTION
Do not use any unsealed lead-acid storage battery. Lay a storage battery horizontally and fix it
properly to prevent the battery from emitting flammable gas, which may cause fire or device
erosion.
Working lead-acid storage batteries emit flammable gas. Therefore, ventilation and fireproofing
measures must be taken at the sites where lead-acid storage batteries are placed.
Battery Temperature
CAUTION
If a battery overheats, the battery may be deformed or damaged, and the electrolyte may
overflow.
When the temperature of the battery is higher than 60C, you need to check whether the
electrolyte overflows. If the electrolyte overflows, take appropriate measures immediately.
Battery Leakage
CAUTION
In the event of acid overflow or spillage, neutralize the acid and clean it up appropriately.
When handling a leaky battery, protect against the possible damage caused by the acid. When
you find the electrolyte leaks, you can use the following substances to counteract and absorb the
leaking electrolyte:
In the event of acid overflow or spillage, neutralize the acid and clean it up as recommended by
the battery manufacturer and any local regulations for acid disposal.
If a person contacts battery electrolyte, clean the skin that contacts the battery electrolyte
immediately by using water. In case of a severe situation, the person must be sent to a hospital
immediately.
1.6 Radiation
This topic describes safety precautions for electromagnetic exposure and lasers.
DANGER
When installing or maintaining an optical interface board or optical fibers, avoid direct eye
exposure to the laser beams launched from the optical interface board or fiber connectors. The
laser beam can cause damage to your eyes.
CAUTION
If fiber connectors or flanges are contaminated, optical power commissioning is seriously
affected. Therefore, the two endfaces and flange of every external fiber must be cleaned before
the fiber is led into the equipment through the ODF for being inserted into an optical interface
on the equipment.
The fiber connectors and optical interfaces of the lasers must be cleaned with the following
special cleaning tools and materials:
l Special cleaning solvent: It is preferred to use isoamylol. Propyl alcohol, however, can also
be used. It is prohibited that you use alcohol and formalin.
l Non-woven lens tissue
l Special compressed gas
l Cotton stick (medical cotton or long fiber cotton)
l Special cleaning roll, used with the recommended cleaning solvent
l Special magnifier for fiber connectors
For cleaning steps, see Task Collection "Cleaning Fiber Connectors and Adapters" in the OptiX
RTN 905 Radio Transmission System Maintenance and Troubleshooting.
Figure 1-2 shows a slanting optical interface, and Figure 1-3 shows a level optical interface.
Slanting optical
interface
Level optical
interface
CAUTION
Ensure that all personnel are beyond the transmit direction of a working antenna.
1.6.4 Laser
This topic describes safety precautions for lasers.
WARNING
When handling optical fibers, do not stand close to, or look into the optical fiber outlet directly
without eye protection.
Laser transceivers are used in the optical transmission system and associated test tools. The laser
transmitted through the bare optical fiber produces a small beam of light, and therefore it has
very high power density and is invisible to human eyes. When a beam of light enters eyes, the
eyes may be damaged.
In normal cases, viewing an un-terminated optical fiber or a damaged optical fiber without eye
protection at a distance greater than 150 mm does not cause eye injury. Eye injury may occur,
however, if an optical tool such as a microscope, magnifying glass, or eye loupe is used to view
an un-terminated optical fiber.
l All operations should be performed by authorized personnel who have completed the
required training courses.
l Wear a pair of eye-protective glasses when you are handling lasers or fibers.
l Ensure that the optical source is switched off before disconnecting optical fiber connectors.
l Do not look into the end of an exposed fiber or an open connector when you are not sure
whether the optical source is switched off.
l Use an optical power meter to measure the optical power and ensure that the optical source
is switched off.
l Before opening the front door of an optical transmission device, ensure that you are not
exposed to laser radiation.
l Do not use an optical tool such as a microscope, a magnifying glass, or an eye loupe to
view the optical connector or fiber that is transmitting optical signals.
1.6.5 Microwave
When installing and maintaining the equipment of Huawei, follow the safety precautions of
microwave to ensure the safety of the human body and the equipment.
WARNING
Strong radio frequency can harm the human body.
When installing or maintaining an aerial on the tower or mast that is installed with multiple
aerials, switch off the transmitter in advance.
WARNING
When working at heights, be cautious to prevent objects from falling down.
WARNING
When heavy objects are being hoisted, do not walk below the cantilever or hoisted objects.
Checking Ladders
l Before using a ladder, check whether the ladder is damaged. After checking that the ladder
is in good condition, you can use the ladder.
l Before using a ladder, you should know the maximum weight capacity of the ladder. Avoid
overweighing the ladder.
Placing Ladders
The proper slant angle of the ladder is 75 degrees. You can measure the slant angle of the ladder
with an angle square or your arms, as shown in Figure 1-5. When using a ladder, to prevent the
ladder from sliding, ensure that the wider feet of the ladder are downward, or take protection
measures for the ladder feet. Ensure that the ladder is placed securely.
Climbing Up a Ladder
When climbing up a ladder, pay attention to the following points:
l Ensure that the center of gravity of your body does not deviate from the edges of the two
long sides.
l Before operations, ensure that your body is stable to reduce risks.
l Do not climb higher than the fourth rung of the ladder (counted from up to down).
If you want to climb up a roof, ensure that the ladder top is at least one meter higher than the
roof, as shown in Figure 1-6.
Figure 1-6 Ladder top being one meter higher than the roof
Drilling Holes
WARNING
Do not drill holes on the cabinet without prior permission. Drilling holes without complying
with the requirements affects the electromagnetic shielding performance of the cabinet and
damages the cables inside the cabinet. In addition, if the scraps caused by drilling enter the
cabinet, the printed circuit boards (PCBs) may be short-circuited.
l Before drilling a hole on the cabinet, remove the cables inside the cabinet.
l Wear an eye protector when drilling holes. This is to prevent eyes from being injured by
the splashing metal scraps.
l Wear protection gloves when drilling holes.
l Take measures to prevent the metallic scraps from falling into the cabinet. After the drilling,
clean up the metallic scraps.
Sharp Objects
WARNING
Wear protection gloves when carrying the device. This is to prevent hands from being injured
by the sharp edges of the device.
Fans
l When replacing parts, place the objects such as the parts, screws, and tools properly. This
is to prevent them from falling into the operating fans, which damages the fans or device.
l When replacing the parts near fans, keep your fingers or boards from touching operating
fans before the fans are powered off and stop running. Otherwise, the hands or the boards
are damaged.
WARNING
l The carrier must be prepared for load bearing before carrying heavy objects. This is to prevent
the carrier from being strained or pressed by the heavy objects.
l When you pull a chassis out of the cabinet, pay attention to the unstable or heavy objects on
the cabinet. This is to prevent the heavy objects on the cabinet top from falling down, which
may hurt you.
l Generally, two persons are needed to carry a chassis. It is prohibited that only one person
carries a heavy chassis. When carrying a chassis, the carriers should stretch their backs and
move stably to avoid being strained.
l When moving or lifting a chassis, hold the handles or bottom of the chassis. Do not hold
the handles of the modules installed in the chassis, such as the power modules, fan modules,
and boards.
CAUTION
When inserting a board, wear an ESD wrist strap or ESD gloves, and handle the board gently to
avoid distorting pins on the backplane.
CAUTION
Bind the signal cables separately from the high-current or high-voltage cables.
Routing Cables
In the case of extremely low temperature, heavy shock or vibration may damage the plastic skin
of the cables. To ensure the construction safety, comply with the following requirements:
l When installing cables, ensure that the environment temperature is above 0C.
l If the cables are stored in a place where the ambient temperature is below 0C, transfer
them to a place at room temperature and store the cables for more than 24 hours before
installation.
l Handle the cables gently, especially in a low-temperature environment. Do not perform
any improper operations, for example, pushing the cables down directly from a truck.
High Temperature
WARNING
If the ambient temperature exceeds 55C, the temperature of the front panel surface marked the
flag may exceed 70C. When touching the front panel of the board in such an environment,
you must wear the protection gloves.
IF Cables
WARNING
Before installing or removing an IF cable, you must turn off the power switch of the IF board.
This topic provides notices for the operations that may cause bodily injury or equipment damage
if they are not performed properly during the commissioning and maintenance of microwave
equipment.
I : ON
Procedure
Step 1 Shut down the ODU power supply.
l For the OptiX RTN 905 1A/1C, shut down the IDU power supply.
l For the OptiX RTN 905 2A, follow instructions in 2.1 Operation Guide for the Toggle
Lever Switch to power off the ODU.
1 2
----End
Procedure
Step 1 Shut down the ODU power supply.
l For the OptiX RTN 905 1A/1C, shut down the IDU power supply.
l For the OptiX RTN 905 2A, follow instructions in 2.1 Operation Guide for the Toggle
Lever Switch to power off the ODU.
1 2
----End
3 Commissioning Preparations
This chapter describes the preparations that need to be made prior to commissioning equipment.
Documents
The following document should be available before commissioning the equipment:
l Engineering design documents, including:
Network plan
Engineering design
l Commissioning guides, including:
OptiX RTN 905 Radio Transmission System Commissioning Guide
OptiX RTN 905 Radio Transmission System Configuration Guide
Tools
Table 3-1 lists the tools required for the commissioning task.
Laptop on which the Web LCT is installed l Configuring site commissioning data by
NOTE using the Web LCT
No laptop is required when you use a handheld tool l Testing connectivity of E1 cables
for site commissioning.
l Checking the radio link status and the
receive power
l Checking alarms
USB flash drive where desired site Loading commissioning data from a USB
commissioning data has been stored flash drive
NOTE
l The recommended USB flash drive type for
the OptiX RTN 905 is Netac U208 (4 Gbytes).
Not all USB flash drives are supported by the
OptiX RTN 905. If a USB flash drive of
another model or capacity is required, confirm
with the local Huawei representative office
that the USB flash drive is supported by the
OptiX RTN 905.
l If you want to upgrade the NE software when
performing the per-NE commissioning, put the
latest NE software package in the pkg folder
of the USB flash drive.
NOTE
For details about the requirements and methods for installing the Web LCT, see the iManager U2000 Web
LCT User Guide.
Prerequisites
The NMS is available.
NOTE
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the similar to those on the U2000.
Procedure
Step 1 Access D:\oss\client\client\tools\usbtool (an example) where the USB file generation tool is
stored.
NOTE
On the Web LCT, the USB file generation tool in stored D:\WebLCT\weblct\tools\usbtool (an example).
Step 3 Enter the NE use name, enter and confirm the password, and click Generate File.
NOTE
l On the Web LCT, the RTN.CER file is stored in D:\WebLCT\weblct\tools\usbtool\output (an example).
l Save the RTN.CER file before closing USB file generation tool. Otherwise, the file will be automatically
deleted when you close the tool.
----End
Supported Model
The recommended USB flash drive for the OptiX RTN 905 is Netac U208 with a 4 GB capacity.
A USB flash drive of another model or capacity may cause incompatibility issues. If a USB flash
drive of another model or capacity is required, contact the local Huawei office for confirmation.
NE software \pkg
Scripts \script
NOTE
The RTN.CER file contains the administrator-level accounts and the mapping passwords that are encrypted.
This file can be generated by using a dedicated tool.
Context
NOTE
In the following instructions for both types of commissioning methods, site commissioning and system
commissioning are defined as follows:
l Site commissioning refers to commissioning that is performed on a hop and sites at both ends of the
radio link by connecting the commissioning tool to the NE at a single site.
l System commissioning refers to commissioning that is performed on all the NEs in the network by
connecting the commissioning tool to a gateway NE where it configures the commissioning data for
each site.
Single-hop Commissioning
The single-hop commissioning method is preferred for small-scale microwave transmission
networks (for example, a network with only one or two radio link hops). By performing single-
hop commissioning, you can complete all site and system commissioning items at a time. The
major commissioning steps are as follows:
1. On both ends of a radio link, power on the NEs.
2. Use the Web LCT to configure site commissioning data or copying site commissioning
data from the USB flash drive.
NOTE
The commissioning data is all NE data including service data and clock data.
3. Use the Web LCT to complete the site commissioning items.
4. Use the Web LCT to complete the system commissioning items.
NOTE
The Web LCT is used for single-hop commissioning, and therefore this document does not detail how to use
the Web LCT. For details about how to use the Web LCT, see the Commissioning Guide in the documentation
package of the Web LCT version.
Network Commissioning
The network commissioning method is usually used for large-scale microwave transmission
networks. The major commissioning steps are as follows:
1. On both ends of a radio link, power on the NEs.
2. Use the Web LCT to configure site commissioning data, or use a handheld tool to
configure site commissioning data, or copying site commissioning data from the USB
flash drive.
NOTE
The commissioning data may contain only data that is required for DCN and link availability.
3. Use the Web LCT or handheld tool to complete the site commissioning items.
4. Use the U2000 to complete the system commissioning items at sites where services
converge.
l The appropriate risk control measures to arrest falling objects and ensure personnel safety
are in place.
l There is no adverse weather (such as wind, rain, snow, or fog) that could hinder or impact
the commissioning.
4 Commissioning Process
Based on the objects to be commissioned, the process can be divided into two stages: site
commissioning and system commissioning.
Start Start
Run commissioning
data scripts on the Web Manually configure
Test connectivity of Test connectivity of commissioning data
LCT
E1 cables E1 cables
Table 4-1 Configuring site commissioning data by running commissioning data scripts on the
Web LCT
Commissioning Item Remarks
5.6 Testing Connectivity of 5.6.1 Testing Connectivity Required when E1 cables are
Cables of E1 Cables used on the site
5.7 Aligning the Antennasa 5.7.2 Aligning Single- Required when microwave
Polarized Antennas services are transmitted by
single-polarized antennas
5.8 Checking the Radio Link Status and the Receive Required
Power
Table 4-2 Manually configuring site commissioning data on the Web LCT
Commissioning Item Remarks
5.6 Testing Connectivity of 5.6.1 Testing Connectivity Required when E1 cables are
Cables of E1 Cables used on the site
5.7 Aligning the Antennasa 5.7.2 Aligning Single- Required when microwave
Polarized Antennas services are transmitted by
single-polarized antennas
5.8 Checking the Radio Link Status and the Receive Required
Power
NOTE
a: Before aligning antennas, power on the equipment and configure site commissioning data on both ends of the
radio link.
Set NE attributes
Configure site commissioning
data by using the handheld tool
Configure a radio link
Required (subitem)
Align dual-polarized antennas
End
Table 4-3 Configuring site commissioning data by using the handheld tool
6.4 Testing Connectivity of 6.4.1 Testing Connectivity Required when E1 cables are
Cables of E1 Cables used on the site
6.5 Aligning the Antennasa 6.5.2 Aligning Single- Required when microwave
Polarized Antennas services are transmitted by
single-polarized antennas
6.6 Checking the Radio Link Status and the Receive Required
Power
NOTE
a: Before aligning antennas, power on the equipment and configure site commissioning data on both ends of the
radio link.
Start
End
Required(parent item
Optional(subitem)
Table 4-4 Configuring site commissioning data by using a USB flash drive
Commissioning Item Remarks
7.3 Completing Subsequent 7.3.1 Using the Web LCT to Required when subsequent
Commissioning Items Complete Subsequent actions need to be performed
Commissioning Items on the Web LCT
8.2 Testing 8.2.1 Testing E1 Required when E1 service are available and
Connectivity of E1 Services by Using a a BER tester is available on site
Services BER Tester
8.5 Testing 8.5.1 Testing IF 1+1 Required when 1+1 HSB/FD/SD protection
Protection Protection is configured
Switching Switching (OptiX
RTN 905 2A)
In most cases, site commissioning are performed using the Web LCT.
Prerequisites
l Hardware installation has been completed and has passed the installation check.
l The power system is available. The voltage, pole connection, and fuse current of the power
system have been checked in the process of connecting power cables.
l The power supply (for example, the power distribution box of the cabinet) has been turned
off.
l Power cable connections are correct.
NOTE
If power cable connections to the OptiX RTN 905 are incorrect, the circuit breakers in the power
distribution box are switched off and power cables are even damaged.
l The ODU power switch on the IDU 905 2A should be turned off.
Context
For the OptiX RTN 905, the recommended fuse currents are listed in Table 5-1.
NOTE
The recommended fuse capacity of 10 A can meet requirements under the maximum power consumption.
Customers can compute the capacity of the fuse according to the actual power consumption. The fuse
capacity should be larger than or equal to (total power consumption x 1.5)/(rated voltage x 87.5%).
Precautions
CAUTION
l The ODU1 and ODU2 switch on the front panel of the IDU 905 2A is designed with a locking
device. Hence, you must pull out the switches lightly before you turn it. If the switch points
to "O", the switch is turned off. If the switch points to "I", the switch is turned on.
l If the output voltage of the power supply does not meet test requirements, do not power on
the cabinet. First, reconstruct the power supply and then test the output voltage again.
Procedure
Step 1 Verify that the power cables of the chassis are correctly connected. Then, power on the equipment
and check the status of the indicators. In normal conditions, the PWRA/PWRB indicators are
steady green, as shown in Figure 5-1. Table 5-2 provides the descriptions for the different states
of the indicators.
-48V -60V
Step 2 Observe the indicators. If the STAT indicator in Figure 5-2 is on green, the IDU is functional.
NOTE
For details on indicators on the IDU 905 1A/2A, see the IDU Hardware Description.
Step 3 Turn the ODU1 and ODU2 switches on the IDU 905 2A to the "I" position. .
NOTE
If the indicator status is abnormal, contact Huawei engineers for handling.
----End
Prerequisites
The equipment is powered on.
NOTE
Procedure
Step 1 Start the laptop and log in to the operating system.
l The IP address of the laptop is in the same network segment (the default network segment
is 129.9.0.0) as the NE, but their IP addresses are different.
l The subnet mask for the IP address of the laptop is the same as that for the IP address of the
NE (the default subnet mask is 255.255.0.0).
l The default gateway IP address is blank.
Step 3 Use a network cable to connect the Ethernet port of the laptop to the NMS/COM port on the
IDU.
NMS/COM
NOTE
The NMS/COM port on the IDU supports the auto-MDI/MDI-X mode. Therefore, straight-through cables and
crossover cables can both be used to set up a connection. For pin assignments for crossover cables and straight-
through cables, see Network Cable in the OptiX RTN 905 Radio Transmission System IDU Hardware
Description.
At this point, the indicators at the Ethernet port and the NMS/COM port are on (green). A
message will be displayed indicating that the network has established a local connection if the
operating system has been configured to do so. If the operating system displays a message
indicating an IP address conflict, change the IP address.
Step 5 Optional: Set the security level of the Internet Explorer to medium or lower.
Step 9 Enter the values of User Name, Password and Verification Code, and then click Login.
l User Name: admin
l Password: Changeme_123
NOTE
At the first login to the Web LCT, change the password as prompted.
If the entered User Name, Password and Verification Code are both correct, the NE List page
is displayed in the Internet Explorer.
----End
Prerequisites
You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
Procedure
Step 1 Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Diagnosis&Maintenance >
Restore Data with NE Configuration File from the Function Tree.
----End
Configuration Flowchart
Figure 5-3 shows the procedure for configuring site commissioning data.
Start
Log in to an NE
Change the NE ID
Synchronize NE time
End Optional
1 5.4.9 Required.
Changing
the Modem
Chip Mode
2 5.4.11 Optional.
Creating IF
1+1
Protection
Groups
(RTN 905
1C)
Prerequisites
l The communication between the NMS and the NE is in the normal state.
l You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
Procedure
Step 1 If NEs are cascaded through Ethernet NMS ports or Ethernet NE cascading ports, disconnect
the network cables from the ports.
Step 5 When a laptop has multiple network adaptors, set Local IP Address to the IP address used for
access to the Web LCT. In this case, Local IP Address automatically changes to the IP address
of the NE that is directly connected to the Web LCT.
TIP
When NE Search is selected, the system can directly log in to NEs. You do not need to enter the user name
and password.
Step 7 Restore the cable connection that is disconnected in Step 1. Repeat Step 2 to Step 6 to create
the NEs that are cascaded to the local NE. In NE Search, set NE IP Address to one different
from the IP address of the local NE.
----End
Prerequisites
l You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
l The NE to be managed is already created in NE List.
Procedure
Step 1 In the NE List, select the target NE and click NE Login.
TIP
NOTE
----End
Prerequisites
The NE user has the authority of Operation Level or higher.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > NE
Attribute from the Function Tree.
Step 2 Click Modify NE ID.
The Modify NE ID dialog box is displayed.
Step 3 Specify New ID and New Extended ID.
NOTE
l Set New ID and New Extended ID to ensure that each combination of New ID and New Extended ID is
unique on the entire network.
l When the number of NEs on a network is within the basic NE ID range, it is not advisable to change the
extended NE ID for ID uniqueness.
----End
Prerequisites
The NE user has the authority of Operation Level or higher.
Procedure
Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select the NE from the Object Tree and choose Configuration > NE
Attribute from the Function Tree.
Step 2 Enter the name of the NE in the Name field.
NOTE
----End
Prerequisites
The NE user must have the authority of Operation Level or higher.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Communication >
Communication Parameters from the Function Tree.
Step 2 Configure the communication parameters of the NE.
NOTE
----End
Prerequisites
l The communication between the U2000 and the NE is normal.
l You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration >
Communication > NMS Server from the Function Tree.
Step 2 Double-click NE Automatic Reporting and select Enable from the drop-down list.
Step 3 Set the U2000 server IP address according to the network plan.
NOTE
l Only Server IP1 needs to be set if a single server is used. The single-server configuration is widely applied.
l Server IP1 and Server IP2 need to be set if active and standby servers are used. The two-server configuration
provides high reliability.
----End
Prerequisites
l The NE user has the authority of Operation Level or higher.
l All the boards are installed correctly.
l The ODU power switch on the IDU 905 IDU 2A has been turned on. Communication
between the ODU and IDU is normal.
Procedure
Step 1 Click the Slot Layout tab and click Add Physical Boards.
Based on the slot layout, the NE automatically configures the logical boards that are required
but are not yet configured for certain physical boards.
NOTE
If a logical board is not displayed, verify that the corresponding physical board is correctly installed.
Step 2 Optional: On the slot to which the board is to be added, right-click and select Add XXX. "XXX"
is the name of the board to be added.
Step 3 Optional: On the slot to which the board is to be deleted, right-click and select Delete.
NOTE
Before deleting the board, delete the data, such as the service, clock, and protection, on the board.
----End
Prerequisites
l The basic data of NEs on the entire network has been configured.
l Time settings on the Web LCT are correct.
l You must be an NM user with NE maintainer authority or higher.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and choose Configuration > NE Time
Synchronization from the Function Tree.
Step 2 Select the NE to be synchronized with the NMS and set Synchronous Mode to NM.
Step 3 Click Apply.
Step 4 Right-click the NE whose time needs to be synchronized and choose Synchronize with NM
Time from the shortcut menu.
----End
Prerequisites
The NE user has the right of Operation Level or higher.
Context
l The default mode IS3 is used when both interconnected IF ports support the IS3 mode.
l The compatible mode IS2 is used when an IF port is interconnected with an IF port on an
ISU2 or ISX2 board.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the corresponding board from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose
Configuration > IF Interface from the Function Tree.
Step 3 Change the modem chip mode based on the network plan.
NOTE
Set Runtime Mode to the same value for the two IF units on an OptiX RTN 905 2A.
----End
Prerequisites
l You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
l The corresponding IF boards have been added in the NE Panel.
l Only the OptiX RTN 905 1C supports this task.
Context
NOTE
After the IF service type is changed, the IF board will be reset. Wait until the IF board resets and set other
IF information.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the corresponding board from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose
Configuration > IF Interface from the Function Tree.
----End
Prerequisites
l You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
l The mapping IF boards and ODUs have been added on the NE Panel.
l The two RTN 905 1Cs are connected using a service cascade cable.
Procedure
Step 1 Select one of the NEs from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > Link
Configuration from the Function Tree.
NOTE
Step 6 Repeat the preceding steps to create an IF 1+1 protection group on the other NE.
----End
Prerequisites
l You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
l The ODUs to which the IF units are connected have been added in NE Panel.
Background Information
l For the IDU 905 1A, this task allows you to configure 1+0 unprotected radio links.
l For the IDU 905 2A, this task allows you to configure 1+0 unprotected, XPIC-enabled, or
1+1 protected radio links. To configure N+0 radio links, configure N 1+0 unprotected radio
links.
l For the IDU 905 1C, this task allows you to configure 1+0 unprotected or XPIC-enabled
radio links. To configure 1+1 protected radio links, create 1+1 protection groups by
performing the task described in Creating an IF 1+1 Protection Group and configure radio
links on the main and standby NEs by performing this task.
Procedure
Step 1 Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. ChooseConfiguration > Radio Link
Configuration.
NOTE
l If the radio link is in a 1+1 or XPIC group, select any IF board connected to the radio link. For the
OptiX RTN 905 1C, only the 3-ISV3 board is available if the radio link is in an XPIC group.
l At this time, the radio link is not available and therefore information about the opposite NE is not
displayed.
Step 3 Configure the basic attributes for the local NE based on site requirements.
l Configure a 1+0 unprotected radio link.
1. Select 1+0 and deselect XPIC.
2. Configure the basic attributes of the radio links.
NOTE
After 1+0 is selected and the configuration takes effect, the IF 1+1 protection group or XPIC
workgroup is deleted if the radio link is configured in a 1+1 protection or XPIC group.
l Configure 1+1 protected radio links.
1. Select 1+1.
2. Configure the basic attributes of the radio links.
3. Optional: Click Advanced and configure the advanced attributes of the radio links.
NOTE
For 1+1 HSB, it is recommended that you set Enable Reverse Switching to Disabled. For 1+1 SD,
set Enable Reverse Switching to Enabled.
l Configure XPIC-enabled radio links.
1. Select 1+0 and XPIC.
NOTE
For the OptiX RTN 905 1C, select XPIC only.
2. For the OptiX RTN 905 2A, configure the basic XPIC attributes of the radio link.
3. For the OptiX RTN 905 1C, configure the basic XPIC attributes for the local NE and
set the link ID for the adjacent NE. The local NE and its adjacent NE are cascaded to
form an XPIC group.
NOTE
NOTE
During site commissioning, disable the AM function regardless of the service plane. Set Modulation Mode to
Modulation Mode of the Guaranteed AM Capacity.
----End
Prerequisites
You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Communication > DCN
Management from the Function Tree.
NOTE
l Ensure that all NEs on a DCN subnet use the same inband DCN VLAN ID. If an original NE on the DCN
subnet does not use the default value 4094 of Ethernet Board VLAN ID, change the inband DCN VLAN
ID of other NEs to the same value as that of this NE.
l It is recommended that Bandwidth take its default value. When the inband DCN is provided by DCN
channels in a GE link and the GE link is an aggregation link, set Bandwidth to 1000.
l IF Port Bandwidth(Kbit/s) specifies the bandwidth for inband DCN transmission on a radio link. It is
recommended that IF Port Bandwidth(Kbit/s) take its default value.
----End
Prerequisites
l The equipment is connected to the Web LCT.
l Data configuration is complete.
Procedure
Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select an NE from the Object Tree, and then click on the toolbar.
Step 2 Click the Browse Current Alarms tab.
Step 3 Check the displayed alarm information.
Check whether there are any equipment alarms, the following alarms in particular:
l POWER_ALM
l FAN_FAIL
l HARD_BAD
l BD_STATUS
l SYNC_C_LOS
l CONFIG_NOSUPPORT
l NESF_LOST
l TEMP_ALARM
l IF_CABLE_OPEN
l XPIC_LOS
l NB_CFG_MISMATCH (RTN 905 1C)
l NB_UNREACHABLE (RTN 905 1C)
NOTE
For the CONFIG_NOSUPPORT, follow instructions in 5.4.12 Configuring One Hop of Radio Link to check
whether RF parameters meet ODU requirements.
For details about the preceding alarms and about how to handle them, refer to the OptiX RTN
905 Radio Transmission System Maintenance Guide.
----End
Prerequisites
The equipment must be equipped with an E1 interface board, and the E1 port must travel through
the DDF before being connected to another device.
Procedure
Step 1 At the DDF, connect the BER tester to the first E1 port of the IDU.
1
2
RX TX
3
. 4
..
.
BER tester
Step 2 Set the corresponding E1 port to Outloop using the Web LCT.
1. Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.
2. In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.
3. Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.
4. In Tributary Loopback, select Outloop.
5. Click Apply.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
6. Click OK.
----End
Prerequisites
The network cables are already made.
Background Information
You can also test the connectivity of a network cable by performing a loopback on the data ports
(this method is applicable when the equipment is powered on). Specifically, use the network
cable to be tested to connect any two data ports. If the LINK indicators of the two data ports turn
on, it indicates that the network cable is in the normal state.
Procedure
Step 1 Connect the network cable to the port of the network cable tester.
Step 3 Connect the network cable that passes the test to the Ethernet port of the device.
----End
Prerequisites
l The fiber jumper is installed and routed from the optical interface to the ODF.
l The equipment is powered on.
Precautions
DANGER
When you are checking the connection of fiber jumpers, avoid direct eye exposure to the laser
beams.
Connection Diagram
When you use an optical interface board to test the fiber jumper connection, connect the fiber
jumper to the optical power meter on the ODF side and connect the fiber jumper to the TX port
of the optical interface board on the chassis side. Figure 5-6 shows the connection.
Figure 5-6 Connection diagram for checking the fiber jumper connection by using an optical
interface board
External
Cable
ODF
OUT IN
Procedure
Step 1 On the chassis side, disconnect the fiber jumper from the OUT GE optical port.
Step 2 Connect the optical power meter to the OUT GE optical port with a short fiber jumper.
Step 3 Switch on the optical power meter and set the operating wavelength according to the type of
optical interface. The measured launched optical power of the GE optical port is A.
Step 4 Insert the fiber jumper back into the OUT port.
Step 5 On the ODF side, disconnect the fiber jumper from the OUT port. Connect the fiber jumper to
the optical power meter. The measured optical power is B.
Step 6 Disconnect the fiber jumper from the OUT GE optical port. The optical power meter reads "LO"
and does not receive any optical signals.
CAUTION
If the fiber jumper is connected through a flange, the difference between A and B should be less
than 2 dB. Otherwise, it indicates that the fiber jumper is incorrectly connected or the attenuation
of the fiber jumper is not within the normal range. Verify that the fiber jumper is in good condition
and is correctly routed. Then, verify that the fiber jumper terminal is clean.
Step 8 Repeat Steps Step 1 through Step 7 to check the fiber jumper that is connected to the IN port.
Step 9 Restore the fiber jumper connections on the chassis side and the ODF side.
Step 10 Repeat Steps Step 1 through Step 9 to check fiber jumper connections of other optical interfaces
and then restore the connections when completed.
----End
Main lobe
First side lobe
Second side lobe
The main lobe width of the microwave antenna is narrow, between 0.6 and 3.7. For instance,
in the case of a 1.2 m antenna at a working frequency of 23 GHz, the azimuth is only 0.9 when
the signal level drops from the signal peak to zero. Once a signal is detected, very small alignment
adjustments are required to locate the main lobe.
Antenna movement across the main lobe results in a rapid rise and fall in the signal level. Whether
the main lobe is aligned properly can be verified by comparing the received signal peaks.
Typically, the main lobe signal peak is 20-25 dB higher than the first side lobe signal peak.
Figure 5-8 shows the head-on view of a free-space model for radio propagation with concentric
rings of side lobe peaks and troughs radiating outward from the main lobe.
90o
0o
Tracking Path
Side lobe signal readings are sometimes mistaken for main lobe readings when signals are
tracked on different elevation (or azimuth). Figure 5-9 shows a horizontal radio propagation
model of the antenna, and signal levels at three different elevation positions (1-7 represent the
measured signal level values of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) port of the ODU).
6 7
C C'
C 6 7 C' 5
4
4 5
B B'
B B'
1 2 3
A A'
2
1 3
A A'
l Line AA' indicates that the main lobe of the antenna is almost aligned properly. The main
lobe is at point 2, and the first side lobes are at points 1 and 3. Slightly adjust the azimuth
of the antenna at point 2 until the peak signal appears.
l Line BB' indicates that the elevation of the antenna slightly deviates from the main lobe.
The signal peaks appear at points 4 and 5. The signal peak at point 4 is higher than the
signal peak at point 5 because of the antenna characteristics. As a result, point 4 may be
mistaken for the peak point of the main lobe signal. The correct method is to set the azimuth
of the antenna to the middle position between the two signal peaks. Then, adjust the
elevation of the antenna until the three signal peaks of line AA' appear. Slightly adjust the
elevation and azimuth of the antenna at point 2 until the peak signal appears.
l Line CC' indicates that the elevation of the antenna completely deviates from the main lobe
and is almost aligned with the first side lobe. The signal peak of the first side lobe at point
6 and the signal peak of the first side lobe at point 7 appear as one signal peak. As a result,
points 6 and 7 may be mistaken for the peak point of the main lobe signal. The correct
method is to set the azimuth of the antenna to the middle of points 6 and 7. Then, adjust
the elevation of the antenna until the three signal peaks of line AA' appear. Slightly adjust
the elevation and azimuth of the antenna at point 2 until the peak signal appears.
When the side lobe peak at one side is higher than the side lobe peak at the other side, as shown
in Figure 5-10, a common error is moving the antenna left to right along line DD', or top to
bottom along line EE'. As a result, point 1 may be mistaken for the peak point of the main lobe
signal. The correct method is to adjust the elevation in the middle of points 1 and 2 or the azimuth
in the middle of points 1 and 3. Several adjustments are required so that the three signal peaks
of line AA' can appear. Slightly adjust the elevation and azimuth of the antenna at point 2 as
shown in Figure 5-9 until the peak signal appears.
Figure 5-10 Aligning the antenna with the first side lobe
E
1
2
D D'
1 2
D D'
1
3
3
E E'
E'
Prerequisites
l The site commissioning of the radio equipment at both ends of the radio link is complete.
l The weather at both stations is suitable for outdoor operations and there is no threat of rain,
snow, or fog.
l On-site conditions meet the requirements for the antennas to operate at a high altitude and
the personnel commissioning the antennas are trained to work at high altitudes.
l The Multimeter is calibrated.
l The ATPC function is disabled (its default status on the NE is Disabled).
l The AM function is disabled (its default status on the NE is Disabled).
CAUTION
You can adjust the azimuth and elevation of the antennas by adjusting the appropriate nuts or
screws. For details, see the installation guide for the antennas. Steps provided in this section are
for reference only.
Precautions
l If the radio link is configured in 1+1 protection mode and one antenna is used at each end,
power off the standby ODUs at both ends before aligning the antennas. After the antennas
are aligned, power on the standby ODUs at both ends.
l If the radio link is configured in 1+1 SD mode, align the antennas in the following sequence:
1. Power on the main ODUs at both ends. Ensure that they are powered on during the
alignment.
2. Power off the standby ODUs at both ends. Then, align the main antennas at both ends.
3. Power on the standby ODU at the local end. Retain the position of the main antenna
at the remote end, and adjust the diversity antenna at the local end.
4. Power on the standby ODU at the remote end. Retain the position of the main antenna
at the local end, and adjust the diversity antenna at the remote end.
l If the radio link is configured in 1+1 FD mode and two antennas are used at each end, align
the antenna in the following sequence:
1. Power on the main ODUs, power off the standby ODUs, and align the main antennas
at both ends.
2. Power off the main ODUs, power on the standby ODUs, and align the diversity
antennas at both ends.
Procedure
Step 1 Calculate the voltage value VBNC for the RSSI port corresponding to the designed receive power
based on the RSSI and received signal level (RSL) curves.
NOTE
The curve diagram for VBNC and RSL is delivered along with the ODU.
Step 2 Determine the azimuth of the antenna according to the installation position and height of the
antenna. Then, adjust the elevation of the antenna to the horizontal position.
NOTE
For a special radio link (for example, with one end on the mountain top and the other end at the mountain foot),
inclination between the link and the horizontal line is larger than the half-power angle of the antenna. You need
to first slightly adjust the elevation of the antenna, so that the main lobes are aligned in the vertical direction.
Step 3 Connect a multimeter to the RSSI port on the ODU at the local end and test the voltage value
VBNC. Turn the multimeter to the DC power level with the voltage value 20 V.
TIP
It is recommended that you fix the multimeter to the tower with adhesive tapes at a point suitable for
observation, so that you can observe the RSSI voltage value while aligning antennas.
CAUTION
When the rotation range is wide enough and the observation of the multimeter is careful,
see5.7.1 Main Lobe and Side Lobes if less or more than two signal peaks appear.
4. Adjust the azimuth adjustment nut until the azimuth of the antenna is at position 2 in Figure
5-12. When the antenna is at position 2, the value of VBNC is the peak value.
5. Slightly adjust the elevation and azimuth at point 2 until VBNC reaches the peak within the
tracked range.
6. Tighten the antenna at the local end.
NOTE
When you tighten the antenna, ensure that the VBNC voltage remains at the peak value.
Step 5 Repeat Step 2 to Step 4 to adjust the antenna at the remote end. When the VBNC reaches the
peak value, tighten the antenna at the remote end.
Step 6 Repeat Step 2 to Step 4 for two to four times. When the VBNC at the local end and the VBNC at
the remote end reach the peak value, tighten the antennas at both ends.
NOTE
----End
Prerequisites
l The site commissioning of the radio equipment at both ends of the radio link is complete.
l The weather at both stations is suitable for outdoor operations and there is no threat of rain,
snow, or fog
l On-site conditions meet the requirements for the antennas to operate at a high altitude and
the personnel commissioning the antennas are trained to work at high altitudes.
l The Multimeter is calibrated.
l The ATPC function is disabled (its default status on the NE is Disabled).
l The AM function is disabled (its default status on the NE is Disabled).
Context
NOTE
In this topic, ODUs at both ends are installed separately from antennas. If ODUs at both ends need to be installed
directly on antennas, the action of adjusting the feed boom needs to be changed to the action of adjusting the
OMT.
Procedure
Step 1 Power off the vertically polarized ODUs at both ends of the radio link, and power on the
horizontally polarized ODUs at both ends of the radio link. Ensure that the antennas transmit
horizontally polarized signals.
Step 2 Adjust the azimuth angle and elevation angle of the antennas at both ends by referring to 5.7.2
Aligning Single-Polarized Antennas, and ensure that the main lobe of the horizontally
polarized signals is aligned with the antenna.
Step 3 Measure the RSL (P1) of the horizontally polarized signals at the local end.
1. Use a multimeter to measure the signal level on the RSSI port of the horizontally polarized
ODU.
2. Calculate the RSL (P1) of the horizontally polarized received signals by referring to the
curve diagram delivered along with the ODU.
Step 4 Adjust the feed boom at the local end, and ensure that the RSL of the vertically polarized signals
reaches the lower threshold (P2).
1. Power on the vertically polarized ODU at the local end.
2. Use a multimeter to measure the signal level on the RSSI port of the vertically polarized
ODU.
3. Calculate the RSL (P2) of the vertically polarized signals by referring to the curve diagram
in the ODU box.
4. Calculate the XPD1 (XPD1 = P1 - P2).
If... Then...
The calculated XPD1 (XPD1 = P1 - P2) is less than 30 dB Proceed to the next step.
The calculated XPD1 (XPD1 = P1 - P2) is not less than 30 dB Perform Step 5.
5. Release the holder of the feed boom to some extent, and turn the feed boom slightly until
the signal level reaches the lower threshold. The calculated XPD1 (XPD1 = P1 - P2) should
not be less than 30 dB.
Step 5 Record the angle (D1) of the current feed boom.
Step 6 Power off the horizontally polarized ODUs at both ends of the radio link, and power on the
vertically polarized ODUs at both ends of the radio link. Ensure that the antennas transmit
vertically polarized signals.
Step 7 Measure the RSL (P3) of the vertically polarized signals at the local end by referring to Step
3.
Step 8 Adjust the feed boom at the local end, and ensure that the RSL of the horizontally polarized
signals reaches the lower threshold (P4).
1. Power on the horizontally polarized ODU at the local end.
2. Use a multimeter to measure the signal level on the RSSI port of the horizontally polarized
ODU.
3. Calculate the RSL (P4) of the horizontally polarized signals by referring to the curve
diagram delivered along with the ODU.
4. Calculate the XPD2 (XPD2 = P3 - P4).
If... Then...
The calculated XPD2 (XPD2 = P3 - P4) is less than 30 dB Proceed to the next step.
The calculated XPD2 (XPD2 = P3 - P4) is not less than 30 dB Perform Step 9.
5. Release the holder of the feed boom to some extent, and turn the feed boom slightly until
the signal level reaches the lower threshold. The calculated XPD2 (XPD2 = P3 - P4) should
not be less than 30 dB.
Step 9 Record the angle (D2) of the current feed boom.
Step 10 Adjust the feed boom slightly (ranging from D1 to D2), and ensure that XPD1 and XPD2 are
not less than 30 dB.
NOTE
If D1 and D2 are the same, you do not need to adjust the feed boom.
Use the multimeter to measure the received value of RSSI again to ensure that no fault occurred in the process
of tightening the screws.
----End
Related Information
In practice, you can align dual-polarized antennas by measuring only the vertically polarized
signals.
5.8 Checking the Radio Link Status and the Receive Power
After antenna alignment, check whether the status of a radio link is normal and the receive power
meets requirements.
Prerequisites
l Antennas have been aligned.
l The basic data of NEs on the entire network has been configured.
l You must be an NM user with NE maintainer authority or higher.
Procedure
Step 1 Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > Radio Link
Configuration.
Step 2 Click Get Links.
Basic information about the radio link is displayed in the window.
1. If basic information about the radio link is displayed, the link is normal.
2. If basic information about the radio link is not displayed, check whether data configurations
in the radio direction are correct and whether antennas have been properly aligned.
Step 3 Click Query to query whether RX Power(dBm) at both ends meet requirements. It is
recommended that the receive power be equal to or higher than the planned receive power minus
3 dB.
----End
It is easier to carry a handheld tool than to carry a laptop for site commissioning.
Prerequisites
The equipment is powered on.
Procedure
Step 1 Use appropriate cables to connect the handheld tool to the OptiX RTN 905, as shown in Figure
6-1.
Hand-held
tool
NMS/COM
MINI USB
port DB9-female DB9-male RJ-45 connector
Step 2 Press the Power button on the handheld tool until the handheld tool starts. Two seconds later,
the login window is displayed.
Step 3 Press Up or Down button to log in to the local NE or another NE, and then press Enter.
If... Then...
You need to log in to an NE that is interconnected with the handheld Perform Step 5.
tool
You need to log in to an NE that is not interconnected with the handheld Perform Step 4.
tool
Step 4 If you select to log in to another NE, enter the basic NE ID and extended NE ID.
1. Enter the extended NE ID and press Enter.
NOTE
If the input basic NE ID or extended NE ID is incorrect, press the C button to navigate back to the upper-
level menu and rectify it.
Step 5 The handheld tool is logged in to the system automatically and the NE information is queried.
The information about the queried slot is displayed in the standby window.
NOTE
l If the Login Fail ! message is displayed in the login window, the handheld tool starts another login
attempt until login succeeds.
l Login is completed automatically and may last a long period. Do not press any button in the login
process. Otherwise, the system stops the login process.
l In the standby window, the handheld tool relogs in to the system any time you press the 0 button.
l If the Abnormal Connection message is displayed in the standby window, check the physical
connection between the handheld tool and the NE. Ensure that the connection is normal and then relog
in to the system.
----End
Configuration Flowchart
Figure 6-2 shows the procedure for configuring site commissioning data.
Start
Configure the NE ID.
Configure NE
Configure NE attributes.
communications parameters.
Configure IF information.
End
Required (sub item)
Configure Required.
ODU Set related parameters according to the network plan.
information.
NOTE
l For radio links configured in a 1+1 HSB/SD protection group,
you need to configure the ODU information only for the
working radio link.
l To enter a decimal point, press F1.
Prerequisites
The handheld tool is logged in to the NE.
Procedure
Step 1 When the handheld tool displays the standby window, press F2 to configure NE attributes.
l Only the first 11 characters of the NE name can be displayed on the interface.
l An NE name can contain a maximum of 21 characters currently. You can press F1 to shift between
different symbols.
3. Press Enter to check the configuration result and return to the upper-level menu.
Step 3 Configure NE ID and extended ID.
1. Select 2-NE ID and press Enter. Then, the configuration interface is displayed.
The IP address is composed of four fields. After you finish one field, press Enter to enter the next
field.
3. Press Enter to check the configuration result and return to the upper-level menu.
NOTE
l During site commissioning, set IP addresses in compliance with the following principles (unless
otherwise specified):
l Ensure that the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway of the gateway NE meet the external
DCN requirements.
l Set IP addresses of non-gateway NEs based on their NE IDs. More specifically, set the IP address
of such an NE to 0x81000000+ID. That is, if the ID is 0x090001, the IP address must be set to
129.9.0.1.
l By default, the outband DCN uses the HWECC solution and the inband DCN uses the IP DCN solution.
To ensure DCN communication, ensure that each NE on the DCN network has an unique IP address.
4. Select 6-MSK and press Enter. Then, the configuration interface is displayed.
Step 6 Select YES and press Enter to save the data. Then, the system starts saving the previous
configuration.
NOTE
l In the configuration process, you can press C to return to the previous menu.
l After the system saves the configuration, it automatically backs up the database and the backup operation
lasts 30 to 60 seconds. You need to check the backup result.
l If you change NE ID or extended ID in the configuration process, the handheld tool automatically relogs in
to the system after the system successfully backs up the updated data. Then, the standby interface is displayed.
If the system fails in backing up the updated data, the active configuration interface is displayed.
----End
Prerequisites
The handheld tool is logged in to the NE.
Procedure
Step 1 When the handheld tool displays the standby window, press F1 to configure IF attributes.
NOTE
By default, the system displays the information about the radio link carried by the IF board in the slot with the
smallest number.
In the case of 1+1 HSB/SD radio links, you need to configure the IF and ODU information of the
main radio link only.
When you configure IF 1+1 protection with the handheld tool, the default main/standby IF
boards are as follows:
1 3 4
In the case of 1+1 HSB/SD radio links, you need to configure the IF and ODU information of the
main radio link only.
3. On the interface for selecting the IF mode, press the upward/downward arrow key to select
the desired IF mode based on the network plan and press Enter.
4. On the interface for selecting the IF bandwidth, press the upward/downward arrow key to
select the desired IF bandwidth based on the network plan.
In the case of 1+1 HSB/SD radio links, you need to configure the IF and ODU information of the
main radio link only.
6. Press the upward/downward arrow key to select 6-Modulate and press Enter to navigate
to the interface for selecting the modulation mode.
NOTE
The interface for selecting the modulation mode differs based on the IF bandwidth.
2. Enter the value of transmit frequency (MHz) according to the network plan.
NOTE
5. Enter the value of T/R spacing (MHz) according to the network plan.
NOTE
8. Enter the value of transmit power (dBm) according to the network plan.
NOTE
Step 7 Press any key to continue. After the configuration data is saved, the current configuration
interface is automatically displayed.
NOTE
----End
Prerequisites
The handheld tool has been logged in to the NE.
Procedure
Step 1 When the handheld tool displays the standby screen, press F3 to query NE information.
Step 2 Press the upward/downward arrow key to select 5-Current Alarm Query and press Enter to
navigate to the configuration interface.
TIP
You can press the upward/downward arrow key to view the query result about OptiX RTN 905.
----End
Prerequisites
l The NE houses an E1 interface board, and the E1 port travels through the DDF before being
connected to another device.
l The handheld tool is logged in to the NE.
Procedure
Step 1 Connect the handheld tool to the OptiX RTN 905. For details, see 6.1 Connecting the Handheld
Tool to the IDU.
Step 2 On the DDF, perform a hardware loopback at the first E1 port on the IDU.
DDF
RX TX
1
2
3
. 4
..
.
Step 3 Test the cable connectivity of the first port with the handheld tool.
1. When the handheld tool displays the standby window, press F3 to query the NE information.
2. Select 6-E1 Cable Check and press Enter. Then, the tributary board configuration
interface is displayed.
3. Select the tributary board that is connected to the first E1 port, and press Enter to test cable
connectivity.
Step 5 Repeat Step 2 to Step 4 to test cable connectivity at the other ports.
----End
Prerequisites
The network cables are already made.
Background Information
You can also test the connectivity of a network cable by performing a loopback on the data ports
(this method is applicable when the equipment is powered on). Specifically, use the network
cable to be tested to connect any two data ports. If the LINK indicators of the two data ports turn
on, it indicates that the network cable is in the normal state.
Procedure
Step 1 Connect the network cable to the port of the network cable tester.
Step 3 Connect the network cable that passes the test to the Ethernet port of the device.
----End
Prerequisites
l The fiber jumper is installed and routed from the optical interface to the ODF.
l The equipment is powered on.
Precautions
DANGER
When you are checking the connection of fiber jumpers, avoid direct eye exposure to the laser
beams.
Connection Diagram
When you use an optical interface board to test the fiber jumper connection, connect the fiber
jumper to the optical power meter on the ODF side and connect the fiber jumper to the TX port
of the optical interface board on the chassis side. Figure 6-4 shows the connection.
Figure 6-4 Connection diagram for checking the fiber jumper connection by using an optical
interface board
External
Cable
ODF
OUT IN
Procedure
Step 1 On the chassis side, disconnect the fiber jumper from the OUT GE optical port.
Step 2 Connect the optical power meter to the OUT GE optical port with a short fiber jumper.
Step 3 Switch on the optical power meter and set the operating wavelength according to the type of
optical interface. The measured launched optical power of the GE optical port is A.
Step 4 Insert the fiber jumper back into the OUT port.
Step 5 On the ODF side, disconnect the fiber jumper from the OUT port. Connect the fiber jumper to
the optical power meter. The measured optical power is B.
Step 6 Disconnect the fiber jumper from the OUT GE optical port. The optical power meter reads "LO"
and does not receive any optical signals.
Step 7 Compare the values of A and B.
l If the difference between A and B is less than 1 dB, it indicates that the fiber jumper is
correctly connected and the attenuation of the fiber jumper is within the normal range.
l If the difference between A and B is more than 1 dB, verify that the fiber jumper is in good
condition and is correctly routed. Then, verify that the fiber jumper terminal is clean.
CAUTION
If the fiber jumper is connected through a flange, the difference between A and B should be less
than 2 dB. Otherwise, it indicates that the fiber jumper is incorrectly connected or the attenuation
of the fiber jumper is not within the normal range. Verify that the fiber jumper is in good condition
and is correctly routed. Then, verify that the fiber jumper terminal is clean.
Step 8 Repeat Steps Step 1 through Step 7 to check the fiber jumper that is connected to the IN port.
Step 9 Restore the fiber jumper connections on the chassis side and the ODF side.
Step 10 Repeat Steps Step 1 through Step 9 to check fiber jumper connections of other optical interfaces
and then restore the connections when completed.
----End
Main lobe
First side lobe
Second side lobe
The main lobe width of the microwave antenna is narrow, between 0.6 and 3.7. For instance,
in the case of a 1.2 m antenna at a working frequency of 23 GHz, the azimuth is only 0.9 when
the signal level drops from the signal peak to zero. Once a signal is detected, very small alignment
adjustments are required to locate the main lobe.
Antenna movement across the main lobe results in a rapid rise and fall in the signal level. Whether
the main lobe is aligned properly can be verified by comparing the received signal peaks.
Typically, the main lobe signal peak is 20-25 dB higher than the first side lobe signal peak.
Figure 6-6 shows the head-on view of a free-space model for radio propagation with concentric
rings of side lobe peaks and troughs radiating outward from the main lobe.
90o
0o
Tracking Path
Side lobe signal readings are sometimes mistaken for main lobe readings when signals are
tracked on different elevation (or azimuth). Figure 6-7 shows a horizontal radio propagation
model of the antenna, and signal levels at three different elevation positions (1-7 represent the
measured signal level values of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) port of the ODU).
6 7
C C'
C 6 7 C' 5
4
4 5
B B'
B B'
1 2 3
A A'
2
1 3
A A'
l Line AA' indicates that the main lobe of the antenna is almost aligned properly. The main
lobe is at point 2, and the first side lobes are at points 1 and 3. Slightly adjust the azimuth
of the antenna at point 2 until the peak signal appears.
l Line BB' indicates that the elevation of the antenna slightly deviates from the main lobe.
The signal peaks appear at points 4 and 5. The signal peak at point 4 is higher than the
signal peak at point 5 because of the antenna characteristics. As a result, point 4 may be
mistaken for the peak point of the main lobe signal. The correct method is to set the azimuth
of the antenna to the middle position between the two signal peaks. Then, adjust the
elevation of the antenna until the three signal peaks of line AA' appear. Slightly adjust the
elevation and azimuth of the antenna at point 2 until the peak signal appears.
l Line CC' indicates that the elevation of the antenna completely deviates from the main lobe
and is almost aligned with the first side lobe. The signal peak of the first side lobe at point
6 and the signal peak of the first side lobe at point 7 appear as one signal peak. As a result,
points 6 and 7 may be mistaken for the peak point of the main lobe signal. The correct
method is to set the azimuth of the antenna to the middle of points 6 and 7. Then, adjust
the elevation of the antenna until the three signal peaks of line AA' appear. Slightly adjust
the elevation and azimuth of the antenna at point 2 until the peak signal appears.
When the side lobe peak at one side is higher than the side lobe peak at the other side, as shown
in Figure 6-8, a common error is moving the antenna left to right along line DD', or top to bottom
along line EE'. As a result, point 1 may be mistaken for the peak point of the main lobe signal.
The correct method is to adjust the elevation in the middle of points 1 and 2 or the azimuth in
the middle of points 1 and 3. Several adjustments are required so that the three signal peaks of
line AA' can appear. Slightly adjust the elevation and azimuth of the antenna at point 2 as shown
in Figure 6-7 until the peak signal appears.
Figure 6-8 Aligning the antenna with the first side lobe
E
1
2
D D'
1 2
D D'
1
3
3
E E'
E'
Prerequisites
l The site commissioning of the radio equipment at both ends of the radio link is complete.
l The weather at both stations is suitable for outdoor operations and there is no threat of rain,
snow, or fog.
l On-site conditions meet the requirements for the antennas to operate at a high altitude and
the personnel commissioning the antennas are trained to work at high altitudes.
l The Multimeter is calibrated.
l The ATPC function is disabled (its default status on the NE is Disabled).
l The AM function is disabled (its default status on the NE is Disabled).
CAUTION
You can adjust the azimuth and elevation of the antennas by adjusting the appropriate nuts or
screws. For details, see the installation guide for the antennas. Steps provided in this section are
for reference only.
Precautions
l If the radio link is configured in 1+1 protection mode and one antenna is used at each end,
power off the standby ODUs at both ends before aligning the antennas. After the antennas
are aligned, power on the standby ODUs at both ends.
l If the radio link is configured in 1+1 SD mode, align the antennas in the following sequence:
1. Power on the main ODUs at both ends. Ensure that they are powered on during the
alignment.
2. Power off the standby ODUs at both ends. Then, align the main antennas at both ends.
3. Power on the standby ODU at the local end. Retain the position of the main antenna
at the remote end, and adjust the diversity antenna at the local end.
4. Power on the standby ODU at the remote end. Retain the position of the main antenna
at the local end, and adjust the diversity antenna at the remote end.
l If the radio link is configured in 1+1 FD mode and two antennas are used at each end, align
the antenna in the following sequence:
1. Power on the main ODUs, power off the standby ODUs, and align the main antennas
at both ends.
2. Power off the main ODUs, power on the standby ODUs, and align the diversity
antennas at both ends.
Procedure
Step 1 Calculate the voltage value VBNC for the RSSI port corresponding to the designed receive power
based on the RSSI and received signal level (RSL) curves.
NOTE
The curve diagram for VBNC and RSL is delivered along with the ODU.
Step 2 Determine the azimuth of the antenna according to the installation position and height of the
antenna. Then, adjust the elevation of the antenna to the horizontal position.
NOTE
For a special radio link (for example, with one end on the mountain top and the other end at the mountain foot),
inclination between the link and the horizontal line is larger than the half-power angle of the antenna. You need
to first slightly adjust the elevation of the antenna, so that the main lobes are aligned in the vertical direction.
Step 3 Connect a multimeter to the RSSI port on the ODU at the local end and test the voltage value
VBNC. Turn the multimeter to the DC power level with the voltage value 20 V.
TIP
It is recommended that you fix the multimeter to the tower with adhesive tapes at a point suitable for
observation, so that you can observe the RSSI voltage value while aligning antennas.
CAUTION
When the rotation range is wide enough and the observation of the multimeter is careful,
see5.7.1 Main Lobe and Side Lobes if less or more than two signal peaks appear.
4. Adjust the azimuth adjustment nut until the azimuth of the antenna is at position 2 in Figure
6-10. When the antenna is at position 2, the value of VBNC is the peak value.
5. Slightly adjust the elevation and azimuth at point 2 until VBNC reaches the peak within the
tracked range.
6. Tighten the antenna at the local end.
NOTE
When you tighten the antenna, ensure that the VBNC voltage remains at the peak value.
Step 5 Repeat Step 2 to Step 4 to adjust the antenna at the remote end. When the VBNC reaches the
peak value, tighten the antenna at the remote end.
Step 6 Repeat Step 2 to Step 4 for two to four times. When the VBNC at the local end and the VBNC at
the remote end reach the peak value, tighten the antennas at both ends.
NOTE
----End
Prerequisites
l The site commissioning of the radio equipment at both ends of the radio link is complete.
l The weather at both stations is suitable for outdoor operations and there is no threat of rain,
snow, or fog
l On-site conditions meet the requirements for the antennas to operate at a high altitude and
the personnel commissioning the antennas are trained to work at high altitudes.
l The Multimeter is calibrated.
l The ATPC function is disabled (its default status on the NE is Disabled).
l The AM function is disabled (its default status on the NE is Disabled).
Context
NOTE
In this topic, ODUs at both ends are installed separately from antennas. If ODUs at both ends need to be installed
directly on antennas, the action of adjusting the feed boom needs to be changed to the action of adjusting the
OMT.
Procedure
Step 1 Power off the vertically polarized ODUs at both ends of the radio link, and power on the
horizontally polarized ODUs at both ends of the radio link. Ensure that the antennas transmit
horizontally polarized signals.
Step 2 Adjust the azimuth angle and elevation angle of the antennas at both ends by referring to 5.7.2
Aligning Single-Polarized Antennas, and ensure that the main lobe of the horizontally
polarized signals is aligned with the antenna.
Step 3 Measure the RSL (P1) of the horizontally polarized signals at the local end.
1. Use a multimeter to measure the signal level on the RSSI port of the horizontally polarized
ODU.
2. Calculate the RSL (P1) of the horizontally polarized received signals by referring to the
curve diagram delivered along with the ODU.
Step 4 Adjust the feed boom at the local end, and ensure that the RSL of the vertically polarized signals
reaches the lower threshold (P2).
1. Power on the vertically polarized ODU at the local end.
2. Use a multimeter to measure the signal level on the RSSI port of the vertically polarized
ODU.
3. Calculate the RSL (P2) of the vertically polarized signals by referring to the curve diagram
in the ODU box.
4. Calculate the XPD1 (XPD1 = P1 - P2).
If... Then...
The calculated XPD1 (XPD1 = P1 - P2) is less than 30 dB Proceed to the next step.
The calculated XPD1 (XPD1 = P1 - P2) is not less than 30 dB Perform Step 5.
5. Release the holder of the feed boom to some extent, and turn the feed boom slightly until
the signal level reaches the lower threshold. The calculated XPD1 (XPD1 = P1 - P2) should
not be less than 30 dB.
Step 6 Power off the horizontally polarized ODUs at both ends of the radio link, and power on the
vertically polarized ODUs at both ends of the radio link. Ensure that the antennas transmit
vertically polarized signals.
Step 7 Measure the RSL (P3) of the vertically polarized signals at the local end by referring to Step
3.
Step 8 Adjust the feed boom at the local end, and ensure that the RSL of the horizontally polarized
signals reaches the lower threshold (P4).
1. Power on the horizontally polarized ODU at the local end.
2. Use a multimeter to measure the signal level on the RSSI port of the horizontally polarized
ODU.
3. Calculate the RSL (P4) of the horizontally polarized signals by referring to the curve
diagram delivered along with the ODU.
4. Calculate the XPD2 (XPD2 = P3 - P4).
If... Then...
The calculated XPD2 (XPD2 = P3 - P4) is less than 30 dB Proceed to the next step.
The calculated XPD2 (XPD2 = P3 - P4) is not less than 30 dB Perform Step 9.
5. Release the holder of the feed boom to some extent, and turn the feed boom slightly until
the signal level reaches the lower threshold. The calculated XPD2 (XPD2 = P3 - P4) should
not be less than 30 dB.
Step 10 Adjust the feed boom slightly (ranging from D1 to D2), and ensure that XPD1 and XPD2 are
not less than 30 dB.
NOTE
If D1 and D2 are the same, you do not need to adjust the feed boom.
Use the multimeter to measure the received value of RSSI again to ensure that no fault occurred in the process
of tightening the screws.
----End
Related Information
In practice, you can align dual-polarized antennas by measuring only the vertically polarized
signals.
6.6 Checking the Radio Link Status and the Receive Power
After antenna alignment, check whether the status of a radio link is normal and the receive power
meets requirements.
Prerequisites
The handheld tool has been logged in to the NE.
Procedure
Step 1 Log in to the local NE.
Step 2 When the handheld tool displays the standby screen, press F3 to query NE information.
2. Press the upward/downward arrow key to select the desired IF board slot and press
Enter to navigate to the interface for querying the receive power. Query the local receive
power.
Step 4 Press C to navigate back to the upper-level menu and then to the login interface.
NOTE
l If the input basic NE ID or extended NE ID is incorrect, press the C button to navigate back to the upper-
level menu and rectify it.
l If the login to the opposite NE is successful, the radio link is functional.
l If the login to the opposite NE fails, check whether the data configuration in this microwave direction is
incorrect or whether the antennas are not aligned.
Step 6 Perform Step 2 and Step 3 to query the receive power of the opposite NE.
----End
Using the USB flash drive to configure commissioning data is the fastest way unless the
configuration data in the USB flash drive is correct.
The operation procedure is as follows:
7.1 Powering On the Equipment
By checking the power-on process of equipment, you can verify whether the hardware system
of the equipment and the power system are functioning properly.
7.2 Loading Commissioning Data from a USB flash drive
When you load commissioning data from a USB flash drive to an NE, you can upgrade the NE
software simultaneously.
7.3 Completing Subsequent Commissioning Items
After loading commissioning data from a USB flash drive, you can use the Web LCT or handheld
tool to complete the subsequent commissioning items.
Prerequisites
l Hardware installation has been completed and has passed the installation check.
l The power system is available. The voltage, pole connection, and fuse current of the power
system have been checked in the process of connecting power cables.
l The power supply (for example, the power distribution box of the cabinet) has been turned
off.
l Power cable connections are correct.
NOTE
If power cable connections to the OptiX RTN 905 are incorrect, the circuit breakers in the power
distribution box are switched off and power cables are even damaged.
l The ODU power switch on the IDU 905 2A should be turned off.
Context
For the OptiX RTN 905, the recommended fuse currents are listed in Table 7-1.
NOTE
The recommended fuse capacity of 10 A can meet requirements under the maximum power consumption.
Customers can compute the capacity of the fuse according to the actual power consumption. The fuse
capacity should be larger than or equal to (total power consumption x 1.5)/(rated voltage x 87.5%).
Precautions
CAUTION
l The ODU1 and ODU2 switch on the front panel of the IDU 905 2A is designed with a locking
device. Hence, you must pull out the switches lightly before you turn it. If the switch points
to "O", the switch is turned off. If the switch points to "I", the switch is turned on.
l If the output voltage of the power supply does not meet test requirements, do not power on
the cabinet. First, reconstruct the power supply and then test the output voltage again.
Procedure
Step 1 Verify that the power cables of the chassis are correctly connected. Then, power on the equipment
and check the status of the indicators. In normal conditions, the PWRA/PWRB indicators are
steady green, as shown in Figure 7-1. Table 7-2 provides the descriptions for the different states
of the indicators.
-48V -60V
Step 2 Observe the indicators. If the STAT indicator in Figure 7-2 is on green, the IDU is functional.
NOTE
For details on indicators on the IDU 905 1A/2A, see the IDU Hardware Description.
Step 3 Turn the ODU1 and ODU2 switches on the IDU 905 2A to the "I" position. .
NOTE
If the indicator status is abnormal, contact Huawei engineers for handling.
----End
Prerequisites
l The NE is powered on.
l The commissioning data has been loaded to a USB flash drive.
NOTE
1. Copy the RTN.CER file to the root directory of the USB flash drive. The RTN.CER file is generated
by the network management center system administrator using a special-purpose tool and it stores the
administrator-level user names and MD5-encrypted passwords of these users.
2. The data for deployment commissioning is stored in the following directories in the USB flash drive:
l \pkg: NE software
l \license: license files
l \script: commissioning scripts
Procedure
Step 1 Insert the USB flash drive in the USB port on the OptiX RTN 905.
Step 2 Check the data loading status based on the indicator on the USB flash drive.
The indicator blinks yellow The loading of Remove the USB flash drive.
and then turns steady green. commissioning data is
complete.
NOTE
l When the indicator is
blinking yellow, do not
remove the USB flash
drive. Otherwise, the data
loading may be interrupted.
l After the data loading is
complete, the NE will
automatically reset, which
takes 2 minutes to 3
minutes. After the reset is
complete, the USB
indicator and the system
indicator (SRV) on the NE
are both steady green,
indicating that the data
loading is successful.
The indicator is off. The USB flash drive is faulty l Copy the commissioning
and fails to get online. data to another USB flash
NOTE drive.
Another possible cause is that l Repeat Step 1 to load the
the USB flash drive is not
commissioning data to
properly inserted.
the NE.
The indicator blinks red. The type of the USB flash l Copy the commissioning
drive is incorrect or an error data to another USB flash
occurs when the NE attempts drive.
to read/write the USB flash l Repeat Step 1 to load the
drive. commissioning data to
NOTE the NE.
3.1 Preparing Documents and
Tools provides the USB flash
drive types that the OptiX RTN
905 supports.
The indicator is steady red. The loaded commissioning Reload the data:
data is abnormal. l Save the correct NE
software and
commissioning data
scripts in the correct
directories of the USB
flash drive.
l Repeat Step 1 to load the
commissioning data to
the NE.
----End
Prerequisites
l The OptiX RTN 905 has been powered on.
l Commissioning data has been downloaded from the USB flash drive to the NE.
Procedure
Step 1 At one end of the radio link, 5.2 Connecting the Web LCT to the IDU.
Step 5 5.8 Checking the Radio Link Status and the Receive Power.
----End
Prerequisites
l The OptiX RTN 905 has been powered on.
l Commissioning data has been downloaded from the USB flash drive to the NE.
Procedure
Step 1 At one end of the radio link, 6.1 Connecting the Handheld Tool to the IDU.
Step 5 6.6 Checking the Radio Link Status and the Receive Power.
----End
8 System Commissioning
System commissioning includes the specific commissioning processes for all system
commissioning items.
NOTE
This section only includes the basic configuration tasks related to Radio Link, NEs, TDM services, and clocks.
For more configuration tasks, see the configuration guide.
Prerequisites
l The NMS must have proper communication with NEs.
l You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
Procedure
Step 1 Choose File > Discovery > NE from the Main Menu.
l If the U2000 server and the gateway NE are in the same network segment, it is recommended that you set
Search Mode to IP auto discovery.
l In other scenarios, it is recommended that you set Search Mode to Search for NE.
If... Then...
Search Mode is set to Search for NE Perform Step 4 to Step 7.
Search Mode is set to IP auto discovery Perform Step 8 to Step 10.
Step 4 If Search Mode is set to Search for NE, you need to add a search domain.
1. Click Add, and then the Input Search Domain dialog box is displayed.
2. Select an address type and enter the search address.
NOTE
l When Address Type is set to NSAP Address, ensure that the OSI protocol stack software is installed
on the U2000.
l When Address Type is set to IP Address of GNE or IP Address Range of GNE, and the U2000
server and gateway NE are not in the same network segment, ensure that the IP routes of the network
segments to which the U2000 server and gateway NE belong are configured on the U2000 and related
routers.
3. Click OK.
Step 6 In the Search for NE dialog box, perform the operations described in the Note part.
NOTE
l If Create NE after search is selected, you need to specify NE User and Password.
l You can select either Create NE after search or Upload after Create or both Create NE after search and
Upload after Create. In this manner, after the NE searching is complete, the system automatically creates
an NE and uploads the NE.
Step 7 Click Next, and then the Transport NE Search dialog box is displayed.
After the search is complete, all the NEs that are found are displayed in the Result list.
Step 8 If Search Mode is set to IP auto discovery, enter NE User and Password.
Step 10 After the NE to be created is displayed in Result, click Stop. In the dialog box that is displayed,
click Yes.
Step 12 Optional: Repeat Step 11 to create other NEs that are not created.
----End
Prerequisites
You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
NOTE
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the similar to those on the U2000.
Procedure
Step 1 In the Main Topology, right-click the NE whose ID needs to be changed. Choose Object
Attributes.
The Attribute dialog box is displayed.
----End
Prerequisites
You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
NOTE
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the similar to those on the U2000.
Procedure
Step 1 In the Main Topology, select the NE whose name is to be changed. Right-click on this NE, and
then choose Object Attributes from the shortcut menu. The Attributes dialog box is displayed.
NOTE
If you change the NE name using the Web LCT, perform the following operations:
In the NE Explorer, select the NE from the Object Tree, and choose Configuration > NE Attribute from the
Function Tree.
Skip this step when the Web LCT is used for configuration.
Step 4 Click OK. Close the dialog box indicating the operation result.
The new name of the NE is displayed below the NE icon in the Main Topology.
----End
Prerequisites
You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
NOTE
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the same as those on the U2000.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Communication >
Communication Parameters from the Function Tree.
Step 2 Configure the communication parameters of the NE.
Step 3 Click Apply.Close the displayed dialog box.
NOTE
----End
Prerequisites
You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
NOTE
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the same as those on the U2000.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Communication >
Communication Parameters > NMS Server from the Function Tree .
Step 2 Double-click NE Automatic Reporting and select Enabled from the drop-down menu.
Step 3 Set the IP address for the U2000 server based on the network plan.
NOTE
l For a single NMS server, you only need to set Server IP1.
l For dual NMS servers, set Server IP1 and Server IP2.
----End
Prerequisites
l You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
l All the boards must be installed correctly.
NOTE
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the similar to those on the U2000.
Procedure
Step 1 Double-click the NE icon to open the NE layout diagram.
Based on the slot layout, the NE automatically configures the logical boards that are required
but still not be configured for certain physical boards.
NOTE
If you configure the logical board using the Web LCT, perform the following operations:
Click the Slot Layout tab and click Add Physical Boards.
Step 2 Optional: On the slot to which the board is to be added, right-click, and then choose Add
XXX.
NOTE
Step 3 Optional: On the slot to which the board is to be deleted, right-click, and then choose Delete.
1. In the displayed confirmation dialog box, click OK.
2. In the dialog box that is displayed again for confirmation, click OK.
NOTE
Before deleting the board, delete the data, such as the service, clock, and protection, on the board.
----End
Prerequisites
l You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
l All the boards and their SFP modules have been installed correctly.
NOTE
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the similar to those on the U2000.
Context
The following table lists the boards and the supported SFP module types.
Procedure
Step 1 Double-click the icon of an NE to open its slot layout.
NOTE
If you configure the logical board using the Web LCT, perform the following operations:
Click the Slot Layout tab.
Step 2 Right-click the target board and choose Path View. The board's path view is displayed.
NOTE
l It is recommended that you delete the ports that have no SFP module, to prevent the NMS from reporting
alarms related to SFP modules.
l For an SDH port, you can set the SFP module type in Mo mode. For an Ethernet port, you need to delete
the port and add it again if you want to reset the SFP module type. Set the SFP module type when adding
the port.
l For an EG4/EG2D board, its SFP port and fixed GE port share a physical channel. Therefore, if the SFP
port has no SFP module, delete the port and add it again. When adding the port, set Type of the SFP module
to Electrical Port.
----End
Prerequisites
You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher.
NOTE
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the same as those on the U2000.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Communication > DCN
Management from the Function Tree.
NOTE
l If the default VLAN ID of the inband DCN conflicts with the VLAN ID in the service, the Ethernet Board
VLAN ID of the inband DCN can be changed manually. The same VLAN ID must be, however, is used on
the network-wide inband DCN.
l Bandwidth(Kbit/s) specifies the bandwidth for inband DCN messaging on the Ethernet link.
l IF Port Bandwidth(Kbit/s) specifies the bandwidth for inband DCN messaging on the radio link.
----End
Prerequisites
You must be an NM user with NE administrator authority or higher.
NOTE
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the same as those on the U2000.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Communication > DCN
Management from the Function Tree.
Step 2 Click the Port Settings tab.
Step 3 Optional: For RTN 905, Select E1 and set port parameters for the ports that need to use inband
DCN.
NOTE
Step 4 Optional: For RTN 905, Select CSTM-1 and set port parameters for the ports that need to use
inband DCN.
NOTE
Step 5 Optional: Select FE/GE, configure the port parameters for the inband DCN function.
NOTE
----End
Prerequisites
l You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
l The corresponding IF boards have been added in the NE Panel.
NOTE
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the same as those on the U2000.
Context
l The default mode IS3 is used when both interconnected IF ports support the IS3 mode.
l The compatible mode IS2 is used when an IF port is interconnected with an IF port on an
ISU2 or ISX2 board.
NOTE
The modem chip runtime mode of two IF units on an RTN 905 2A must be set to the same value.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the corresponding board from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose
Configuration > IF Interface from the Function Tree.
Step 2 Click the IF Attributes tab.
Step 3 Change the modem chip runtime mode based on the network plan.
----End
Prerequisites
l You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
l The IF boards and the ODUs to which the IF boards are connected have been added in NE
Panel.
NOTE
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the same as those on the U2000.
Background Information
l This task configures a 1+0 radio link, a cross polarization interference cancellation (XPIC)
radio link, or a 1+1 radio link. To configure N+0 radio links, they must be configured as
N 1+0 radio links.
l For OptiX RTN 905 1C, this task configures a 1+0 radio link or an XPIC radio link. The
method for configuring an XPIC radio link between interconnected OptiX RTN 905 1Cs
is different from the method for configuring an XPIC radio link between other OptiX RTN
900 products.
l To configure 1+1 radio links between interconnected OptiX RTN 905 1Cs, perform the
operation Creating an IF 1+1 Protection Group and then configure a 1+0 radio link between
the two main OptiX RTN 905 1Cs and a 1+0 radio link between the two standby OptiX
RTN 905 1Cs.
l Link ID, IF Channel Bandwidth, AM, Modulation Mode of the Guaranteed AM
Capacity, Modulation Mode of the Full AM Capacity, and T/R Spacing(MHz) of the
NEs on a hop of radio link are automatically synchronized. That is, if one of the preceding
parameters is modified on an NE, the modification is automatically duplicated on the peer
NE.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > Radio Link
Configuration from the Function Tree.
NOTE
If you create an IF 1+1 protection group using the Web LCT, perform the following operations:
Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Click the Radio Link Configuration tab.
TIP
Click Open the Opposite NE Explorer to enter the NE Explorer of the peer NE.
NOTE
l If the radio link is in a 1+1 or XPIC group, select any IF board connected to the radio link.
l If the radio link is not working correctly, the basic information of the peer NE is not displayed.
Step 3 Configure the basic attributes for the local NE and the peer NE as required.
l To configure a 1+0 non-protected radio link:
1. Select 1+0, and deselect the XPIC check box.
NOTE
For RTN 905 1C, Protection is unavailable, therefore, deselect XPIC.
2. Configure the basic attributes of the radio links.
NOTE
After 1+0 is selected and the configuration takes effect, the IF 1+1 protection group or XPIC
workgroup is deleted if the radio link is configured with 1+1 protection or XPIC.
l To configure 1+1 protected radio links:
1. Select 1+1.
2. Configure the basic attributes of the radio links.
3. Optional: Click Advanced, and configure the advanced attributes of the radio links.
l To configure XPIC radio links for OptiX RTN 905 1C:
1. Select XPIC.
2. Configure the basic attributes of the radio links.
3. After the configuration is complete on the local NE, click Synchronize to synchronize
the radio link configurations to the adjacent NE.
l To configure XPIC radio links for other OptiX RTN 900 products:
1. Select 1+0 and XPIC.
2. Configure the basic attributes of the radio links.
NOTE
To configure XPIC radio links under 1+1 protection, first configure two XPIC radio links, and
then configure IF 1+1 protection by following the instructions in Creating an IF 1+1 Protection
Group.
Step 4 Configure IF attributes for the local NE and the peer NE on the radio link.
NOTE
If two XPIC links in an XPIC group are in the same N+1 protection group, configure the E1 capacity consistently
for the two XPIC links.
Step 5 Configure RF attributes for the local NE and the peer NE on the radio link.
l Configure a 1+0 non-protected radio link.
----End
Prerequisites
l You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
l An IF 1+1 protection group has been configured.
NOTE
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the similar to those on the U2000.
Background Information
When a 1+0 service is converted into a 1+1 service by configuring the IF 1+1 protection, the
original E1 service is not interrupted. To implement the conversion, set the board where the 1
+0 service resides as the working board.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > IF 1+1
Protection from the Function Tree.
NOTE
If you modify the parameters of IF 1+1 protection using the Web LCT, perform the following operations:
Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > Link Configuration from
the Function Tree. Click the IF 1+1 Protection tab.
Step 2 Click Query. Then, close the dialog box that is displayed. Check the IF 1+1 protection groups
in Protection Group.
l Enable Reverse Switching is valid only when Working Mode is set to HSB or SD.
l Generally, it is recommended that you set Enable Reverse Switching to Enabled.
l Each of the parameters Working Mode, Revertive Mode, WTR Time(s),Anti-jitter Time(s), and Enable
Reverse Switching must be set to the same value at both ends of a radio hop.
l It is recommended that you set Alarm Report Mode to Only protection group alarms. In this case,
protection group alarms are reported to indicate radio link faults.
l It is recommended that Anti-jitter Time(s) take its default value.
----End
Prerequisites
l You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
l When you need to synchronize the NE time with the time on the NMS server, the time zone
and time must be set correctly on the PC or server running the NMS software.
l When you need to synchronize the NE time with the time on the NTP server, the time on
the NTP server must be set correctly and the NTP protocol must be normal.
Procedure
Step 1 Choose Configuration > NE Batch Configuration > NE Time Synchronization from the
Main Menu.
Step 3 In the physical view, select the NE whose time needs to be synchronized, and then click
Step 4 After the operation is complete, a dialog box is displayed indicating that the operation is
successful. Click Close.
Step 5 When you need to synchronize the NE time with the NMS time, set the time synchronization
mode and the related parameters.
1. Optional: The NE time is synchronized with the NMS time immediately.
a. Right-click the NE whose time needs to be synchronized, and then choose
Synchronize with NM Time from the shortcut menu.
3. Click Apply.
4. Optional: Set auto synchronization parameters.
a. Set auto synchronization parameters.
b. Click Apply.
c. In the displayed confirmation dialog box, click Yes.
d. Close the displayed operation result dialog box.
NOTE
l When you need to synchronize the NE time with the NMS time, set Synchronous Mode to NM.
l When you need to synchronize the NE time with the time on the NTP server, set Synchronous Mode to
Standard NTP. Configure Standard NTP Authentication according to the requirements of the NTP server.
Step 6 When you need to synchronize the NE time with the time on the NTP server, set the time
synchronization mode and the related parameters.
1. Set Synchronous Mode to Standard NTP.
2. Configure Standard NTP Authentication according to the requirements of the NTP
server.
3. Click Apply.
4. Click Close. The dialog box that is displayed indicating the operation result is closed.
5. Configure the upper-layer NTP server.
a. Select the NE, right-click in the configuration box where the standard NTP server is
configured, and then choose New.
c. Click Apply.
d. Close the displayed operation result dialog box.
6. Optional: Copy the configuration of the upper-layer NTP server.
NOTE
Before the copy operation, set Synchronous Mode to Standard NTP for the source NE and the target
NE.
a. Select the NE to be copied, right-click, and then choose Copy Standard NTP
Server.
b. Select the NE to be pasted, right-click, and then choose Paste Standard NTP
Server.
c. In the displayed confirmation dialog box, click Yes.
d. Close the displayed operation result dialog box.
----End
Prerequisites
l You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
l The corresponding source and sink boards must be added on NE Panel.
NOTE
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the similar to those on the U2000.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > SDH/PDH
Service Configuration from the Function Tree.
NOTE
If you create the cross-connections of point-to-point services using the Web LCT, perform the following
operations:
Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > Cross-Connection
Configuration from the Function Tree.
Step 2 Click Options to change the VC-12 timeslot numbering policy used by the cross-connection.
NOTE
If you create the cross-connections of point-to-point services using the Web LCT, perform the following
operations:
Click Scheme to change the VC-12 timeslot numbering policy used by the cross-connection.
If you create the cross-connections of point-to-point services using the Web LCT, perform the following
operations:
Click New.
The Create SDH/PDH Service dialog box is displayed.
Step 4 Configure the parameters of a new SDH/PDH service.
----End
Prerequisites
You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
NOTE
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the same as those on the U2000.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > Clock >
Physical Clock > Clock Source Priority.
Step 2 Click the System Clock Source Priority List tab.
Step 3 Click Create.
The Add Clock Source dialog box is displayed.
Hold the Ctrl key on the keyboard to select multiple clock sources.
Step 7 Optional: Select a clock source and click or to adjust the priority of this
clock source.
NOTE
The clock priorities levels are arranged in a descending order from the first row to the last row. The internal
clock source is always of the lowest priority.
Step 8 Optional: Set External Clock Source Mode and Synchronous Status Byte for the external
clock sources.
----End
NOTE
It is recommended that you test low-priority Ethernet services in good weather conditions, where the AM
function works in the highest-efficiency modulation mode.
Prerequisites
The NE must be configured with E1 services, and the E1 services must be transmitted through
the DDF.
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the same as those on the U2000.
l BER tester
Procedure
Step 1 On the DDF at the central site, connect the BER tester to the first E1 port of the IDU.
1
2
RX TX
3
. 4
..
.
BER tester
Step 2 On the NMS, perform an inloop for the corresponding E1 port at the remote site.
1. Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.
2. In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.
3. Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.
4. In Tributary Loopback, select Inloop.
5. Click Apply.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
6. Click OK.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
7. Click OK.
The Operation Result dialog box is displayed.
8. Click Close.
3. Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.
4. In Tributary Loopback, select Non-Loopback.
5. Click Apply.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
6. Click OK.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
7. Click OK.
The Operation Result dialog box is displayed.
8. Click Close.
----End
Prerequisites
l The NE must be configured with E1 services.
l The communication between the NMS and the NE must be normal.
l A PRBS test can be performed for a CES service only if the CES service uses CESoPSN
encapsulation and is carried by timeslots 1 to 31.
NOTE
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the same as those on the U2000.
Precautions
CAUTION
l When a PRBS test is performed, the services carried on the tested path are interrupted.
l The PRBS test can be performed only in a unidirectional manner and on one path at a time.
Procedure
Step 1 On the NMS, perform an inloop for the corresponding E1 port at the remote site.
1. Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.
2. In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.
3. Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.
Step 2 At the central site, on the NMS, select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.
Step 4 Select the first E1 port, and then set the following PRBS-related parameters:
Direction Cross-connection
Frame Format -
Step 7 When the Progress column is 100%, click Query to check the test result.
The curve diagram should be green.
6. Click OK.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
7. Click OK.
The Operation Result dialog box is displayed.
8. Click Close.
Step 9 Repeat Step 1 through Step 8 to test all other E1 ports.
----End
Prerequisites
Ethernet services must be configured.
NOTE
l It is recommended that you test low-priority Ethernet services in good weather conditions when the AM
function works in the highest-efficiency modulation mode.
l The tested Ethernet services can be Native Ethernet services, or Ethernet services carried by PWs.
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the same as those on the U2000.
PORT 2 NE 2
NE 3
PORT 3 RNC
NodeB 2 VLAN ID=200 Microwave network
The VLAN ID of the Ethernet service from NE2 to NE1 is 100, and the VLAN ID of the Ethernet
service from NE3 to NE1 is 200.
Procedure
Step 1 Configure the maintenance domains of NE1, NE2, and NE3.
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > Ethernet
OAM Management > Ethernet Service OAM Management from the Function Tree.
2. Choose New > New Maintenance Domain.
The New Maintenance Domain dialog box is displayed.
Parameter Value
Maintenance 4 4 4
Domain Level
NOTE
The maintenance Maintenance Domain Name and the Maintenance Domain Level of the NEs
must be the same.
4. Click OKto close the displayed dialog box.
Parameter Value
NOTE
Click in Relevant Service, and select associated services in the New Maintenance
Association dialog box.
3. Click OKto close the displayed dialog box.
Step 3 Configure the MEPs of NE1, NE2, and NE3.
1. Click the Maintenance Association tab.
2. Select the maintenance association in which an MEP needs to be created. Choose New >
New MEP Point.
The system displays the New MEP Point dialog box.
Parameter Value
NOTE
Set the Remote Maintenance Point ID of NE1 to the MP ID of NE2 and NE3, and set the Remote
Maintenance Point ID of NE2 and NE3 to the MP ID of NE1.
5. Click OKto close the displayed dialog box.
Step 5 Test the availability of the Ethernet services from NE1 to NE2 and NE3.
1. Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of the NE1, and then choose
Configuration > Ethernet OAM Management > Ethernet Service OAM.
2. Select the MD, MA, and MEP that correspond to Port 1, click OAM.
3. Select Start LB.
The LB Test window is displayed.
4. Select Destination Maintenance Point ID, and set the parameters in Test Node.
Parameter Value
Parameter Value
7. Repeat Step 5.4 to Step 5.6 to test the Ethernet services from NE1 to NE3.
Parameter Value
----End
Prerequisites
Ethernet services have been configured in an end-to-end manner.
NOTE
l For low-priority Ethernet services, it is recommended that you perform the test when weather condition is
favorable and the radio link works in the highest-order modulation scheme.
l The Ethernet services to be tested must be Native Ethernet services or Ethernet services carried by PWs.
PORT 2 NE 2
NE 3
PORT 3 RNC
NodeB 2 VLAN ID=200 Microwave network
Procedure
Step 1 Choose Service > Native Ethernet Service > Manage Native Ethernet Service from the Main
Menu.
Step 2 In the Set Filter Criteria dialog box, set filter criteria and click Filter.
The Native Ethernet services that meet the criteria are listed in the query result.
NOTE
If no filter criteria is required, click Filter.
Step 3 Right-click the Ethernet service to be tested. Choose Ethernet OAM > LB Test from the
shortcut menu.
NOTE
Step 4 Optional: If Ethernet OAM is not configured on the Ethernet services, the Prompt dialog box
is displayed.
1. Click Add.
2. Configure the source port and sink port. For the service between NE1 and NE2, set the
Ethernet OAM parameters for as follows:
3. Repeat Step 4.1 to Step 4.2 to configure Ethernet OAM for the service between NE1 and
NE3.
4. Click OK.
NOTE
If the Ethernet services to be tested are E-Line services and Ethernet OAM is not configured, the following
dialog box is displayed. Click Yes. The system will automatically configure Ethernet OAM.
Step 5 On the LB Test dialog box, select the link between NE1 and NE2.
Step 6 Optional: Right-click the link between and choose Config LB Parameter from the shortcut
menu. Set Sent Packets, Sent Packets Length, and Sent Packets Priority. Then, click OK.
Step 9 Repeat Step 5 to Step 8 to test the Ethernet services between NE1 and NE3.
----End
Prerequisites
l Antenna alignment is complete.
l The AM function is enabled for the tested radio link.
l The weather is favorable.
Procedure
Step 1 Set the AM attributes.
1. Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Click the Radio Link
Configuration tab.Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer.
ChooseConfiguration > Radio Link Configuration.
2. Record Modulation Mode of the Guaranteed AM Capacity and Modulation Mode of
the Full AM Capacity in IF.
Step 2 Test one-click AM shifts.
1. Select an NE in the NE Explorer, and choose Diagnosis & Maintenance > One-Touch
Test from the Function Tree.
2. In Optional Acceptance Items, select AM switching test.
4. Click Start.
In Result, the step-by-step downshifting processes of Transmit-End Modulation Mode
and Receive-End Modulation Mode are displayed.
----End
Prerequisites
l The antennas have been aligned.
l The equipment is configured with IF 1+1 protection.
l E1 services are configured.
NOTE
NE A NE B
The following procedure uses the 1+1 HSB-protected E1 services between NE A and NE B in
Figure 8-4 as an example.
NOTE
l If Working Mode of the IF 1+1 protection group is HSB, set TX Status to Mute for the main ODU
connected to NE A and set Enable Reverse Switching to Enable. A switchover occurs on NE A. If the
planned value of Enable Reverse Switching is Disable, set Enable Reverse Switching to Disable after
the test is complete.
l If Working Mode of the IF 1+1 protection group is SD, set TX Status to Mute for the ODU on the main
channel of NE A, and set Enable Reverse Switching to Enable. A switchover occurs on NE A.
l If Working Mode of the IF 1+1 protection group is FD, set TX Status to Mute for the ODU on the main
channel of NE B. A switchover occurs on NE A.
Procedure
Step 1 Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Diagnosis & Maintenance >
One-Touch Test from the Function Tree.
Step 2 In Optional Acceptance Items, select HSB switching test.
Step 3 Select the desired protection group from Available Protection Groups.
----End
Prerequisites
l The antennas have been aligned.
l The equipment is configured with IF 1+1 protection.
l E1 services are configured.
NOTE
NE1 NE3
NE2 NE4
NOTE
The NEs at each end are cascaded using 1+1/TDMA ports.
The following procedure uses the 1+1 HSB-protected E1 services shown in Figure 8-5 as an
example.
NOTE
l If Working Mode of the IF 1+1 protection group is HSB, set TX Status to Mute for the ODU connected
to NE1 and set Enable Reverse Switching to Enable. A switchover occurs on NE1. If the planned value
of Enable Reverse Switching is Disable, set Enable Reverse Switching to Disable after the test is
complete.
l If Working Mode of the IF 1+1 protection group is SD, set TX Status to Mute for the ODU connected to
NE1 and set Enable Reverse Switching to Enable. A switchover occurs on NE1.
l If Working Mode of the IF 1+1 protection group is FD, set TX Status to Mute for the ODU connected to
NE3. A switchover occurs on NE1.
Procedure
Step 1 Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Diagnosis & Maintenance >
One-Touch Test from the Function Tree.
Step 3 Select the desired protection group from Available Protection Groups.
----End
Prerequisites
l The antennas have been aligned.
l The equipment is configured with the SNCP.
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the similar to those on the U2000.
l BER tester
NE A
Working
East West SNC
Protecting SNC
East
West
NE D
NE B
West
East
West East
NE C
Precautions
NOTE
If no BER tester is available on site, you can compare the values of Active Channel in Working Service before
an d after the protection switching.
Procedure
Step 1 Check whether a BER tester is available at the central site.
If... Then...
A BER tester is available on site Perform Step 2 through Step 10.
No BER tester is available on site Perform Step 5 through Step 9.
Step 2 At the central site NE A, connect one E1 port to the BER tester.
Step 3 At the remote site NE C, perform a software inloop at the E1 port by using the NMS.
1. Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.
2. In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.
3. Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.
4. In Tributary Loopback, select Inloop.
5. Click Apply.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
6. Click OK.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
7. Click OK.
The Operation Result dialog box is displayed.
8. Click Close.
Step 5 Before the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE C.
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE C, and choose
Configuration > SNCP Service Control from the Function Tree.
2. In Working Service, select an SNCP service that is already created, then click Function,
and finally select Query Switching Status.
NOTE
If... Then...
A BER tester is available on site Check the test result on the BER tester. It
should show that the services are restored after
a transient interruption.
No BER tester is available on site, and the See 8.2.2 Testing E1 Services Using PRBS
E1 services are transmitted on the radio to test availability of the E1 services.
link.
Step 8 After the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE C.
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE C, and choose
Configuration > SNCP Service Control from the Function Tree.
2. Click Function, and then select Query Switching Status.
3. The current SNCP status of the equipment is displayed in Working Service and Protection
Service.
NOTE
3. Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.
4. In Tributary Loopback, select Non-Loopback.
5. Click Apply.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
6. Click OK.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
7. Click OK.
The Operation Result dialog box is displayed.
8. Click Close.
----End
Prerequisites
l The equipment is configured with ERPS.
l The network cable for carrying the working and protection Ethernet services of ERPS is
properly connected.
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the similar to those on the U2000.
East West
NE B
Protection channel East
West
NE A NE D
East
West
Working channel
NE C
West
East
NOTE
For a multi-ring network configured with ERPS V2, test ERPS on major rings and ERPS on sub-rings by referring
to this example. ERPS on a major ring affects only the status of the ports on the major ring, and ERPS on a sub-
ring affects only the status of the ports on the sub-ring.
Procedure
Step 1 Before the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE D.
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE D, and choose
Configuration > Ethernet Protection > ERPS Management from the Function Tree.
2. Select the ERPS protection group to be queried, and click Query.
3. The value of State Machine Status should be Idle.
Step 2 Refer to 8.3 Testing Connectivity of Ethernet Services to test availability of the Ethernet
services.
The LossRate in the Detection Result should be 0.
Step 3 Set TX Status to Mute for the west ODU 23-ODU of NE A.
1. Select the desired NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration >
Radio Link Configuration from the Function Tree.
NOTE
----End
Prerequisites
l The MPLS tunnel protection group must be created properly.
l You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the same as those on the U2000.
Background Information
1:1 protection
In normal situations, services are transmitted in the working tunnel. That is, services are
transmitted and received in a different tunnel respectively. When the working tunnel is faulty,
the equipment at the transmit end transmits services through the protection tunnel, and the
equipment at the receive end receive services through the protection tunnel after a negotiation
through the APS protocol. Therefore, service switching is realized.
Figure 8-8 Connection diagram for testing the MPLS APS protection
Working Tunnel
NE A NE B
Protection Tunnel
Procedure
Step 1 Query the switching status of the current MPLS tunnel 1:1 protection group on NE A and NE
B.
1. In the NE Explorer, select NE A and then choose Configuration > APS Protection
Management from the Function Tree.
2. Click the Tunnel APS Management tab, right-click the tested protection group, and then
choose Query Switching Status from the shortcut menu, to check the MPLS protection
group configured on the NE.
3. Choose the protection group for switching, and check its switching status. In normal
situations, the switching status should be Normal, and Tunnel Status for both the working
and protection tunnels should be Available.
NOTE
If Tunnel Status for the working or protection tunnel is not Available, rectify tunnel-related faults.
Step 2 Switch the services to the protection tunnel manually and forcedly.
1. In the NE Explorer, select NE A and then choose Configuration > APS Protection
Management from the Function Tree.
2. Click the Tunnel APS Management tab and choose the protection group for switching.
3. Right-click the tested protection group, and then choose Forced Switching from the
shortcut menu.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
4. Click OK.
The Operation Result dialog box is displayed.
5. Click Close.
Step 3 Query the switching status of the MPLS 1:1 protection groups on NE A and NE B after the
switching.
1. In the NE Explorer, select NE A and then choose Configuration > APS Protection
Management from the Function Tree.
2. Click the Tunnel APS Management tab and choose the protection group for switching.
3. Right-click the tested protection group and then choose Query Switching Status from the
shortcut menu, to check Switching Status of the tunnel protection group.
In normal situations, the switching status should be Forced Switching.
4. Query Active Tunnel of the tunnel protection group.
In normal situation, Working should be Standby, and Protection should be Active.
NOTE
l If Forced Switching is performed at the previous step, the state of the protection group should be
Forced Switching.
l If Manual Switching to Protection is performed at the previous step, the state of the protection group
should be Manual (Working to Protection) Switching.
Prerequisites
l The equipment must be configured with linear MSP.
l The working and protection optical fibers of the linear MSP are connected properly.
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the same as those on the U2000.
l BER tester
Protection channel
Precautions
NOTE
Procedure
Step 1 Check whether a BER tester is available at the central site.
If... Then...
A BER tester is available on site Perform Step 2 to Step 10.
No BER tester is available on site Perform Step 5 to Step 9.
Step 2 At the central site NE A, connect one E1 port to the BER tester.
Step 3 At the remote site NE B, perform a software inloop at the corresponding E1 port by using the
NMS.
1. Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.
2. In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.
3. Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.
4. In Tributary Loopback, select Inloop.
5. Click Apply.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
6. Click OK.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
7. Click OK.
The Operation Result dialog box is displayed.
8. Click Close.
Step 4 Test the BER by using the BER tester. The BER tester should show that no bit errors occur.
If bit errors occur, see the Maintenance Guide for handling the bit errors.
Step 5 Before the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE A.
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE A, and then choose
Configuration > Linear MS from the Function Tree.
2. In Slot Mapping Relation, select Working Unit.
3. Click Query, and then select Query Switching Status.
In Slot Mapping Relation, the value of West Switching Status should be Idle.
NOTE
In the case of the working and protection units of the services that are configured with the linear MSP, the
values of West Switching Status should be Idle. If a fault arises, you must rectify the fault and proceed
with the linear MSP switching testing.
If... Then...
The BER tester is available on site Check the test result on the BER tester. It
should show that the services are restored after
a transient interruption.
No BER tester is available on site, and the See 8.2.2 Testing E1 Services Using PRBS
E1 services are transmitted on the optical to test availability of the E1 services.
fiber link.
Step 8 After the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE A.
1. Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE A, and then choose
Configuration > Linear MS from the Function Tree.
2. In Slot Mapping Relation, select Working Unit.
3. Click Query, and then select Query Switching Status.
In Slot Mapping Relation, the value of West Switching Status should be Switch upon
signal failure.
NOTE
In the case of the 1+1 linear MSP, Revertive Mode can be set to Revertive or Non-Revertive. In the case
of the 1:N linear MSP, Revertive Mode is always set to Revertive.
l After the automatic switching occurs on the equipment, the services are restored. If Revertive
Mode is set to Revertive for the linear MSP, the change in values of West Switching Status and
Protected Unit can be queried after the WTR time expires.
l After the automatic switching occurs on the equipment, the services are restored. If Revertive
Mode is set to Non-Revertive for the linear MSP, stop and then start the MSP protocol to restore the
value of West Switching Status to Idle.
----End
Prerequisites
The clock configuration is complete. The link that transmits clocks is in the normal state.
NOTE
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the same as those on the U2000.
Procedure
Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and choose Configuration > Clock >
Physical Clock > Clock Synchronization Status from the Function Tree.
Step 2 Click Query.
NOTE
l If the clock of an NE is selected as the working clock of the radio network, this clock should be in
Free-Run Mode and the clocks of the other NEs should be in Tracing Mode.
l If a service clock or an external clock is selected as the working clock of the radio network, the clocks
of all the NEs should be in Tracing Mode.
Step 3 Repeat Step 1 through Step 2 to check the working modes of the other NEs on the radio network.
----End
Prerequisites
l The weather is favorable.
l The antennas must be aligned, and the RSLs at both ends of the radio link and the cross-
polarization discrimination (XPD) must meet the requirements.
Background Information
The principle of the FM test is as follows:
l Test the corresponding relations between RSLs and MSEs at multiple sites.
l Calculate the RSL corresponding to the demodulation threshold of the MSE, that is, the
receiver sensitivity of the site.
l The current RSL minus the receiver sensitivity is the FM.
NOTE
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the similar to those on the U2000.
Precautions
1. When the FM is tested, all the services carried on the radio link maybe interrupted.
2. For a radio link with 1+1 protection, it is recommended that you lock the protection path
before testing the main radio link and that you switch the signal to the standby path forcedly
before you test the standby radio link. The main and standby radio paths are tested
synchronously. Therefore, the FMs of the working and protection boards are reported at
the same time.
3. For an XPIC radio link, the paths in polarization direction V and polarization direction H
are tested synchronously. Therefore, the FMs of the working and protection boards are
reported at the same time.
Procedure
Step 1 Optional: Lock the protection channel if the radio link between two sites is under 1+1 protection.
1. Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and choose Configuration > IF 1
+1 Protection from the Function Tree.
NOTE
Step 2 Disable the ATPC function on the radio link between two sites.
1. Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > Radio
Link Configuration.
NOTE
3. Click Apply.
Step 3 Optional: If E1 Priority is enabled for the E1 services between two sites, delete low-priority
E1 services.
1. Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and choose Configuration > SDH
Service Configuration from the Function Tree.
NOTE
Step 4 Disable the AM function and E1 priority function on the radio link between two sites.
1. Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > Radio
Link Configuration.
NOTE
NOTE
Deselect AM to disable the AM function for the radio link. After the AM function is disabled, the system
automatically disables the E1 priority function.
3. Click Apply.
Step 5 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and choose Configuration > Fade
Margin.
Step 7 Select the IF board corresponding to the radio link that needs to be tested.
Step 11 Restore the ATPC function on the radio link between two sites.
1. Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. ChooseConfiguration > Radio
Link Configuration.
NOTE
3. Click Apply.
Step 12 Restore the AM function and E1 priority on the radio link between two sites.
1. Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. ChooseConfiguration > Radio
Link Configuration.
NOTE
3. In IF, set Enable E1 Priority to Enable and set Full E1 Capacity to its original value.
4. Click Apply.
Step 13 Optional: Reconfigure the E1 services that were deleted in Step 3.
1. Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and choose Configuration > SDH
Service Configuration from the Function Tree.
NOTE
Step 14 Optional: Cancel the protection lockout for the 1+1 protection on the radio link.
1. Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and choose Configuration > IF 1
+1 Protection from the Function Tree.
NOTE
----End
Prerequisites
l The antennas must be aligned.
l The E1 service must be configured.
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the same as those on the U2000.
l BER tester
l E1 jumper
Precautions
l If 24-hour BER cannot be tested for each hop of link because of restrictions of the actual
situation, perform the test for the E1 services at the first node and the last node. Through
this method, you can ensure that the test path cover all the radio links.
l The following test procedure uses the E1 services between NEs as an example.
NOTE
It is recommended that you test low-priority Ethernet services in good weather conditions, where the AM
function works in the highest-efficiency modulation mode.
Procedure
Step 1 At the central site, extract several typical E1 services on the equipment and then connect them
to the DDF in a serial manner. After that, input these services into the BER tester.
DDF
RX TX
1
2
RX TX
3
. 4
..
.
BER tester
Step 2 On the equipment at the remote site, perform a software inloop at the E1 port by using the NMS.
1. Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.
2. In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.
3. Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.
4. In Tributary Loopback, select Inloop.
5. Click Apply.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
6. Click OK.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
7. Click OK.
The Operation Result dialog box is displayed.
8. Click Close.
Step 3 Perform the 24-hour BER test by using the BER tester.
Step 4 Record the test result, which should meet the design requirements.
Step 5 Release the loopback and serial connection.
1. Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.
2. In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.
3. Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.
4. In Tributary Loopback, select Non-Loopback.
5. Click Apply.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
6. Click OK.
The Confirm dialog box is displayed.
7. Click OK.
----End
Follow-up Procedure
l If the first 24-hour BER test does not meet the specified requirement, find out the cause
and rectify the fault. Perform another 24-hour BER test until the test is passed.
l If the BER exceeds the nominal value in the test for a serial connection, locate the fault by
using the dichotomizing search or other methods until each channel passes the 24-hour
BER test independently.
Prerequisites
l Antenna alignment is complete.
l The Ethernet service to be tested must be an E-Line service between two NEs that adopt
traffic classification based on VLAN tags, or a PORT+VLAN<->PORT+VLAN E-Line
service.
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the same as those on the U2000.
Background Information
CAUTION
l The ports at the ends of the Ethernet service to be tested must be Ethernet ports. During the
test, the other Ethernet services on the related ports are interrupted.
l If the tested service is configured with QoS, OAM, LAG, inband DCN or any data
transmission protocol, the precision of test results may be affected. To ensure the precision
of test results, it is recommended you delete the above configurations.
l If the enabled source port of the tested service also transmits other services, the precision of
test results may be affected. To ensure the precision of test results, it is recommended you
disconnect the port from the other services.
NE A NE B
PORT 1 PORT 2
Procedure
Step 1 Modify the Tag attribute of the Ethernet service between NE A and NE B.
1. In the NE Explorer, select the desired NE from the Object Tree and choose
Configuration > Interface Management > Ethernet Interface from the Function Tree.
2. Click the Layer 2 Attributes tab.
3. Set Tag to Access. Set Default VLAN ID to the VLAN ID of the tested E-Line service.
In this example, set Default VLAN ID to 100.
4. Click Apply.
NOTE
If port 2 is on the source node, Source Status should be set to Enabled.
4. Click Apply.
Step 3 Set NE A as the source node for the test. Then start the test.
1. In the NE Explorer, select NE A from the Object Tree and choose
Diagnosis&Maintenance > Data Service Performance Test from the Function Tree.
2. Select the Ethernet service to be tested, enter Test Name as that on NE B, set Test As to
Source.
3. In this example, port 1 is on the source node and therefore Source Status should be set to
Enabled.
NOTE
NOTE
The system tests the following parameters:
l Throughput, Latency, Packet Loss Radio when Frame Length(Bytes) is 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024,
1280, and 1518
l Latency and Packet Loss Radio when Throughput Percentage(%) is 80, 90, and 100
7. Optional: After the progress bar indicates that the test is 100% complete, click Export
Report.
Data Service Performance Test Report is displayed.
NOTE
l Compared with a tool-based test, this test may have an error rate in its results. When the service
bandwidth is lower than 70 Mbit/s, the packet loss rate has an error rate lower than 1%. When the
service bandwidth is 70 Mbit/s or higher, the packet loss rate has an error rate lower than 0.2%. If the
packet loss rate is higher than 0 and the error rate is lower than the threshold for the specific bandwidth,
perform more tests. If all tests encounter light packet loss and the packet loss rate of long-frame services
is higher than that of short-frame services, you can conclude that no service packets are lost.
l Compared with the throughput in practice, the throughput in test results of long-frame services has an
error rate lower than 5%.
Step 4 After the progress bar indicates that the test is 100% complete, set Source Status and Sink
Status to Disabled for the related ports (port 1 of NE A and port 2 of NE B in this example).
----End
Prerequisites
l Antenna alignment is complete.
l The Ethernet service to be tested must be an E-Line service between two NEs that adopt
traffic classification based on VLAN tags, or a PORT+VLAN<->PORT+VLAN E-Line
service.
Web LCT also supports this operation and the steps are the same as those on the U2000.
Background Information
CAUTION
l The ports at the ends of the Ethernet service to be tested must be Ethernet ports. During the
test, the other Ethernet services on the related ports are interrupted.
l If the tested service is configured with QoS, OAM, LAG, inband DCN or any data
transmission protocol, the precision of test results may be affected. To ensure the precision
of test results, it is recommended you delete the above configurations.
l If the enabled source port of the tested service also transmits other services, the precision of
test results may be affected. To ensure the precision of test results, it is recommended you
disconnect the port from the other services.
NE A NE B
PORT 1 PORT 2
Procedure
Step 1 Modify the Tag attribute of the Ethernet service between NE A and NE B.
1. In the NE Explorer, select the desired NE from the Object Tree and choose
Configuration > Interface Management > Ethernet Interface from the Function Tree.
2. Click the Layer 2 Attributes tab.
3. Set Tag to Access. Set Default VLAN ID to the VLAN ID of the tested E-Line service.
In this example, set Default VLAN ID to 100.
4. Click Apply.
Step 2 Set NE B as the sink node for the test.
1. In the NE Explorer, select NE B from the Object Tree and choose
Diagnosis&Maintenance > Data Service Performance Test from the Function Tree.
2. Select the Ethernet service to be tested, enter Test Name, and set Test As to Sink.
3. In this example, port 2 is on the sink node and therefore Sink Status should be set to
Enabled.
NOTE
If port 2 is on the source node, Source Status should be set to Enabled.
4. Click Apply.
Step 3 Set NE A as the source node for the test. Then start the test.
1. In the NE Explorer, select NE A from the Object Tree and choose
Diagnosis&Maintenance > Data Service Performance Test from the Function Tree.
2. Select the Ethernet service to be tested, enter Test Name as that on NE B, set Test As to
Source.
3. In this example, port 1 is on the source node and therefore Source Status should be set to
Enabled.
NOTE
NOTE
NOTE
After the test time lasts for 24 hours (commonly used test time), click Stop Long-term Test and check
the test result.
8. After the progress bar indicates that the test is 100% complete, click Export Report.
Data Service Performance Test Report is displayed.
NOTE
Tests may have an error rate in the results. When the number of received packets is different from the
number of transmitted packets and the error rate is within one millionth, you can conclude that no service
packets are lost.
Step 4 Repeat Step 3.6 to Step 3.8 to test the long-term packet loss ratio when Frame Length
(Bytes) is 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 1280, and 1518.
Step 5 After the progress bar indicates that the test is 100% complete, set Source Status and Sink
Status to Disabled for the related ports (port 1 of NE A and port 2 of NE B in this example).
----End
The offline configuration function provided by the U2000 generates site commissioning data
scripts when no real NE is available.
Prerequisites
You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
Procedure
Step 1 Right-click in a blank area of the Main Topology, and choose New > NE from the shortcut menu.
NOTE
If a pre-configured NE to be created has been planned in a subnet, create the NE in the subnet view.
Step 2 In the displayed Create NE dialog box, select the desired NE type and set basic NE attributes
according to the network plan.
NOTE
l The default NE user name is root, and the default password is password.
l Select Yes for Configured Offline.
l Set NE Software Version according to the SCC board software version of the target NE. The offline
configuration function is available only when the NE software version is V100R005C01 or later.
Step 5 Double-click the created NE. Click Next in the displayed NE Configuration Wizard dialog
box.
NOTE
Confirm the operation in each displayed confirmation dialog box.
NOTE
l For an OptiX RTN 905 1A, Shelf Type must be Subrack Type I.
l For an OptiX RTN 905 2A, Shelf Type must be Subrack Type II.
l For an OptiX RTN 905 1C, Shelf Type must be Subrack Type III.
Step 7 Right-click a logical slot of the NE, add the logical board, and click Next.
----End
Flowchart
Figure 9-1 shows the flowchart for configuring site commissioning data.
Start
Configure DCCs.
Optional
End
1 5.4.10 Optional.
Changing
the IF
Service
Type
2 5.4.11 Optional.
Creating IF
1+1
Protection
Groups
(RTN 905
1C)
6 Enabling/ Optional.
Disabling
the RSTP
Protocol
When the L2
DCN
Solution Is
Used
Prerequisites
You must be an NM user with NE operator authority or higher.
Procedure
Step 1 Choose Administration > Back Up/Restore NMS Data > Import/Export Script File from
the Main Menu.
Step 2 Generate a commissioning data script on the Import/Export Script File tab page.
1. Click TXT.
2. Set Script File Type to NE Configuration File.
3. Click Export.
4. Select NEs for which the commissioning data script is generated under Export NE List.
5. Click Apply.
NOTE
In this example, the script is exported to (default). To save the script to another
folder, click Create File Directory to create a new folder.
----End
To improve commissioning efficiency, Huawei has developed the handheld tool dedicated to
the site commissioning of the OptiX RTN equipment.
Screen
Charge indicator
Digit keys
Decimal points
Up and down Battery
Backspace
keys area
Function keys
Communication
port Back
Reset port cover lock
The keys include digit keys, function keys, power key, and confirmation key. The window
mainly displays configuration information about the NE and modification.
Screen
Up and down
keys
Reset port
1 2 3 Communic-
Digit keys ation port
4 5 6 F1
Function
7 8 9 F2 keys
Backspace C 0 F3
Charge
indicator Power key
Front Back
A Glossary
Numerics
3G See 3rd Generation.
3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
3rd Generation (3G) The third generation of digital wireless technology, as defined by the International
Telecommunications Union (ITU). Third generation technology is expected to deliver
data transmission speeds between 144 kbit/s and 2 Mbit/s, compared to the 9.6 kbit/s to
19.2 kbit/s offered by second generation technology.
802.1Q in 802.1Q A VLAN feature that allows the equipment to add a VLAN tag to a tagged frame. The
(QinQ) implementation of QinQ is to add a public VLAN tag to a frame with a private VLAN
tag to allow the frame with double VLAN tags to be transmitted over the service
provider's backbone network based on the public VLAN tag. This provides a layer 2
VPN tunnel for customers and enables transparent transmission of packets over private
VLANs.
A
A/D analog/digit
ABR See available bit rate.
ACAP See adjacent channel alternate polarization.
ACL See access control list.
ADC analog to digital converter
ADM add/drop multiplexer
AF See assured forwarding.
AIS alarm indication signal
ALS See automatic laser shutdown.
AM See adaptive modulation.
APS automatic protection switching
ARP See Address Resolution Protocol.
ASBR See autonomous system boundary router.
autonomous system A router that exchanges routing information with other ASs.
boundary router
(ASBR)
available bit rate (ABR) A kind of service categories defined by the ATM forum. ABR only provides possible
forwarding service and applies to the connections that does not require the real-time
quality. It does not provide any guarantee in terms of cell loss or delay.
B
B-ISDN See broadband integrated services digital network.
BDI See backward defect indication.
BE See best effort.
BER bit error rate
BFD See Bidirectional Forwarding Detection.
BGP Border Gateway Protocol
BIOS See basic input/output system.
BIP See bit interleaved parity.
BPDU See bridge protocol data unit.
BSC See base station controller.
BTS base transceiver station
Bidirectional A fast and independent hello protocol that delivers millisecond-level link failure
Forwarding Detection detection and provides carrier-class availability. After sessions are established between
(BFD) neighboring systems, the systems can periodically send BFD packets to each other. If
one system fails to receive a BFD packet within the negotiated period, the system regards
that the bidirectional link fails and instructs the upper layer protocol to take actions to
recover the faulty link.
backbone network A network that forms the central interconnection for a connected network. The
communication backbone for a country is WAN. The backbone network is an important
architectural element for building enterprise networks. It provides a path for the exchange
of information between different LANs or subnetworks. A backbone can tie together
diverse networks in the same building, in different buildings in a campus environment,
or over wide areas. Generally, the backbone network's capacity is greater than the
networks connected to it.
backward defect A function that the sink node of a LSP, when detecting a defect, uses to inform the
indication (BDI) upstream end of the LSP of a downstream defect along the return path.
bandwidth A range of transmission frequencies that a transmission line or channel can carry in a
network. In fact, it is the difference between the highest and lowest frequencies the
transmission line or channel. The greater the bandwidth, the faster the data transfer rate.
base station controller A logical entity that connects the BTS with the MSC in a GSM/CDMA network. It
(BSC) interworks with the BTS through the Abis interface, the MSC through the A interface.
It provides the following functions: radio resource management, base station
management, power control, handover control, and traffic measurement. One BSC
controls and manages one or more BTSs in an actual network.
basic input/output A firmware stored in the computer mainboard. It contains basic input/output control
system (BIOS) programs, power-on self test (POST) programs, bootstraps, and system setting
information. The BIOS provides hardware setting and control functions for the computer.
baud rate The number of times per second the signal can change on a transmission line. Commonly,
the transmission line uses only two signal states, making the baud rate equal to the
number of bits per second that can be transferred. The underlying transmission technique
may use some of the bandwidth, so it may not be the case that user data transfers at the
line's specified bit rate.
best effort (BE) A traditional IP packet transport service. In this service, the diagrams are forwarded
following the sequence of the time they reach. All diagrams share the bandwidth of the
network and routers. The amount of resource that a diagram can use depends of the time
it reaches. BE service does not ensure any improvement in delay time, jitter, packet loss
ratio, and high reliability.
bit interleaved parity A method of error monitoring. With even parity an X-bit code is generated by equipment
(BIP) at the transmit end over a specified portion of the signal in such a manner that the first
bit of the code provides even parity over the first bit of all X-bit sequences in the covered
portion of the signal, the second bit provides even parity over the second bit of all X-bit
sequences within the specified portion, and so on. Even parity is generated by setting the
BIP-X bits so that there is an even number of 1s in each monitored partition of the signal.
A monitored partition comprises all bits which are in the same bit position within the X-
bit sequences in the covered portion of the signal. The covered portion includes the BIP-
X.
bridge A device that connects two or more networks and forwards packets among them. Bridges
operate at the physical network level. Bridges differ from repeaters because bridges store
and forward complete packets, while repeaters forward all electrical signals. Bridges
differ from routers because bridges use physical addresses, while routers use IP
addresses.
bridge protocol data The data messages that are exchanged across the switches within an extended LAN that
unit (BPDU) uses a spanning tree protocol (STP) topology. BPDU packets contain information on
ports, addresses, priorities and costs and ensure that the data ends up where it was
intended to go. BPDU messages are exchanged across bridges to detect loops in a
network topology. The loops are then removed by shutting down selected bridges
interfaces and placing redundant switch ports in a backup, or blocked, state.
broadband integrated A standard defined by the ITU-T to handle high-bandwidth applications, such as voice.
services digital network It currently uses the ATM technology to transmit data over SONNET-based circuits at
(B-ISDN) 155 to 622 Mbit/s or higher speed.
broadcast A means of delivering information to all members in a network. The broadcast range is
determined by the broadcast address.
broadcast domain A group of network stations that receives broadcast packets originating from any device
within the group. The broadcast domain also refers to the set of ports between which a
device forwards a multicast, broadcast, or unknown destination frame.
C
CAR committed access rate
CBR See constant bit rate.
CBS See committed burst size.
channel A telecommunication path of a specific capacity and/or at a specific speed between two
or more locations in a network. Channels can be established through wire, radio
(microwave), fiber or a combination of the three. The amount of information transmitted
per second in a channel is the information transmission speed, expressed in bits per
second. For example, b/s, kb/s, Mb/s, Gb/s, and Tb/s.
circuit emulation A function with which the E1/T1 data can be transmitted through ATM networks. At the
service (CES) transmission end, the interface module packs timeslot data into ATM cells. These ATM
cells are sent to the reception end through the ATM network. At the reception end, the
interface module re-assigns the data in these ATM cells to E1/T1 timeslots. The CES
technology guarantees that the data in E1/T1 timeslots can be recovered to the original
sequence at the reception end.
clock tracing The method to keep the time on each node synchronized with a clock source in a network.
co-channel dual A channel configuration method, which uses a horizontal polarization wave and a vertical
polarization (CCDP) polarization wave to transmit two signals. The Co-Channel Dual Polarization has twice
the transmission capacity of the single polarization.
committed burst size A parameter used to define the capacity of token bucket C, that is, the maximum burst
(CBS) IP packet size when the information is transferred at the committed information rate.
This parameter must be larger than 0. It is recommended that this parameter should be
not less than the maximum length of the IP packet that might be forwarded.
constant bit rate (CBR) A kind of service categories defined by the ATM forum. CBR transfers cells based on
the constant bandwidth. It is applicable to service connections that depend on precise
clocking to ensure undistorted transmission.
continuity check (CC) Ethernet CFM can detect the connectivity between MEPs. The detection is achieved after
MEPs transmit Continuity Check Messages (CCMs) periodically.
cross polarization A technology used in the case of the Co-Channel Dual Polarization (CCDP) to eliminate
interference the cross-connect interference between two polarization waves in the CCDP.
cancellation (XPIC)
customer edge (CE) A part of BGP/MPLS IP VPN model. It provides interfaces for direct connection to the
Service Provider (SP) network. A CE can be a router, switch, or host.
cyclic redundancy A procedure used in checking for errors in data transmission. CRC error checking uses
check (CRC) a complex calculation to generate a number based on the data transmitted. The sending
device performs the calculation before transmission and includes it in the packet that it
sends to the receiving device. The receiving device repeats the same calculation after
transmission. If both devices obtain the same result, it is assumed that the transmission
was error free. The procedure is known as a redundancy check because each transmission
includes not only data but extra (redundant) error-checking values.
D
DC direct current
DC-C See DC-return common (with ground).
DC-I See DC-return isolate (with ground).
DC-return common A power system, in which the BGND of the DC return conductor is short-circuited with
(with ground) (DC-C) the PGND on the output side of the power supply cabinet and also on the line between
the output of the power supply cabinet and the electric equipment.
DC-return isolate (with A power system, in which the BGND of the DC return conductor is short-circuited with
ground) (DC-I) the PGND on the output side of the power supply cabinet and is isolated from the PGND
on the line between the output of the power supply cabinet and the electric equipment.
DCC See data communications channel.
DCN See data communication network.
DDF digital distribution frame
DDN See digital data network.
DE discard eligible
DM See delay measurement.
DS boundary node A DS node that connects one DS domain to a node either in another DS domain or in a
domain that is not DS-capable.
DS interior node A DS node located at the center of a DS domain. It is a non-DS boundary node.
DS node A DS-compliant node, which is subdivided into DS boundary node and ID interior node.
DSCP See differentiated services code point.
DVMRP See Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol.
DiffServ See Differentiated Services.
Differentiated Services An IETF standard that defines a mechanism for controlling and forwarding traffic in a
(DiffServ) differentiated manner based on CoS settings to handle network congestion.
Distance Vector An Internet gateway protocol mainly based on the RIP. The protocol implements a typical
Multicast Routing dense mode IP multicast solution. The DVMRP protocol uses IGMP to exchange routing
Protocol (DVMRP) datagrams with its neighbors.
data communication A communication network used in a TMN or between TMNs to support the data
network (DCN) communication function.
data communications The data channel that uses the D1D12 bytes in the overhead of an STM-N signal to
channel (DCC) transmit information about operation, management, maintenance and provision
(OAM&P) between NEs. The DCC channels that are composed of bytes D1D3 are
referred to as the 192 kbit/s DCC-R channel. The other DCC channels that are composed
of bytes D4D12 are referred to as the 576 kbit/s DCC-M channel.
delay measurement The time elapsed since the start of transmission of the first bit of the frame by a source
(DM) node until the reception of the last bit of the loopbacked frame by the same source node,
when the loopback is performed at the frame's destination node.
differentiated services According to the QoS classification standard of the Differentiated Service (Diff-Serv),
code point (DSCP) the type of services (ToS) field in the IP header consists of six most significant bits and
two currently unused bits, which are used to form codes for priority marking.
Differentiated services code point (DSCP) is the six most important bits in the ToS. It is
the combination of IP precedence and types of service. The DSCP value is used to ensure
that routers supporting only IP precedence can be used because the DSCP value is
compatible with IP precedence. Each DSCP maps a per-hop behavior (PHB). Therefore,
terminal devices can identify traffic using the DSCP value.
digital data network A high-quality data transport tunnel that combines the digital channel (such as fiber
(DDN) channel, digital microwave channel, or satellite channel) and the cross multiplex
technology.
digital modulation A method that controls the changes in amplitude, phase, and frequency of the carrier
based on the changes in the baseband digital signal. In this manner, the information can
be transmitted by the carrier.
dual-polarized antenna An antenna intended to simultaneously radiate or receive two independent radio waves
orthogonally polarized.
E
E-Aggr See Ethernet aggregation.
E-LAN See Ethernet local area network.
E-Line See Ethernet line.
ECC See embedded control channel.
EMC See electromagnetic compatibility.
EMI See electromagnetic interference.
EPL See Ethernet private line.
EPLAN See Ethernet private LAN service.
EPLD See erasable programmable logical device.
ERPS Ethernet ring protection switching
ESD electrostatic discharge
ETS European Telecommunication Standards
ETSI See European Telecommunications Standards Institute.
EVPL See Ethernet virtual private line.
EVPLAN See Ethernet virtual private LAN service.
Ethernet A LAN technology that uses Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection. The
speed of an Ethernet interface can be 10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s, 1000 Mbit/s or 10000 Mbit/
s. An Ethernet network features high reliability and is easy to maintain.
Ethernet aggregation A type of Ethernet service that is based on a multipoint-to-point EVC (Ethernet virtual
(E-Aggr) connection).
Ethernet line (E-Line) A type of Ethernet service that is based on a point-to-point EVC (Ethernet virtual
connection).
Ethernet local area A type of Ethernet service that is based on a multipoint-to-multipoint EVC (Ethernet
network (E-LAN) virtual connection).
Ethernet private LAN A type of Ethernet service provided by SDH, PDH, ATM, or MPLS networks. This
service (EPLAN) service is carried over a dedicated bridge and point-to-multipoint connections.
Ethernet private line A type of Ethernet service that is provided with dedicated bandwidth and point-to-point
(EPL) connections on an SDH, PDH, ATM, or MPLS server layer network.
Ethernet virtual A type of Ethernet service provided by SDH, PDH, ATM, or MPLS networks. This
private LAN service service is carried over a shared bridge and point-to-multipoint connections.
(EVPLAN)
Ethernet virtual A type of Ethernet service provided by SDH, PDH, ATM, or MPLS networks. This
private line (EVPL) service is carried over a shared bridge and point-to-point connections.
European A standards-setting body in Europe. Also the standards body responsible for GSM.
Telecommunications
Standards Institute
(ETSI)
electromagnetic A condition which prevails when telecommunications equipment is performing its
compatibility (EMC) individually designed function in a common electromagnetic environment without
causing or suffering unacceptable degradation due to unintentional electromagnetic
interference to or from other equipment in the same environment.
electromagnetic Any electromagnetic disturbance that interrupts, obstructs, or otherwise degrades or
interference (EMI) limits the effective performance of electronics/electrical equipment.
embedded control A logical channel that uses a data communications channel (DCC) as its physical layer,
channel (ECC) to enable transmission of operation, administration, and maintenance (OAM)
information between NEs.
engineering label A mark on a cable, a subrack, or a cabinet for identification.
erasable A logical array device which can be used to implement the required functions by
programmable logical programming the array. In addition, a user can modify and program the array repeatedly
device (EPLD) until the program meets the requirement.
F
FD See frequency diversity.
FDDI See fiber distributed data interface.
FDI See forward defect indication.
FE See fast Ethernet.
FEC See forward error correction.
FFD fast failure detection
FFD packet A path failure detection method independent from CV. Different from a CV packet, the
frequency for generating FFD packets is configurable to satisfy different service
requirements. By default, the frequency is 20/s. An FFD packet contains information the
same as that in a CV packet. The destination end LSR processes FFD packets in the same
way for processing CV packets.
FIFO See first in first out.
FPGA See field programmable gate array.
FTP File Transfer Protocol
fast Ethernet (FE) Any network that supports transmission rate of 100 Mbit/s. The Fast Ethernet is 10 times
faster than 10BaseT, and inherits frame format, MAC addressing scheme, MTU, and so
on. Fast Ethernet is extended based on the IEEE802.3 standard, and it uses the following
three types of transmission media: 100BASE-T4 (4 pairs of phone twisted-pair cables),
100BASE-TX (2 pairs of data twisted-pair cables), and 100BASE-FX (2-core optical
fibers).
fiber distributed data A standard developed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) for high-
interface (FDDI) speed fiber-optic local area networks (LANs). FDDI provides specifications for
transmission rates of 100 megabits (100 million bits) per second on networks based on
the token ring network.
field programmable A type of semi-customized circuit used in the application specific integrated circuit
gate array (FPGA) (ASIC) field. It is developed on the basis of the programmable components, such as the
PAL, GAL, and EPLD. It not only remedies the defects of customized circuits but also
overcomes the disadvantage of the original programmable components in terms of the
limited number of gate arrays.
first in first out (FIFO) A stack management mechanism. The first saved data is first read and invoked.
forward defect A packet generated and traced forward to the sink node of the LSP by the node that first
indication (FDI) detects defects. It includes fields to indicate the nature of the defect and its location. Its
primary purpose is to suppress alarms being raised at affected higher level client LSPs
and (in turn) their client layers.
forward error A bit error correction technology that adds the correction information to the payload at
correction (FEC) the transmit end. Based on the correction information, the bit errors generated during
transmission are corrected at the receive end.
fragmentation A process of breaking a packet into smaller units when transmitting over a network node
that does not support the original size of the packet.
frequency diversity A diversity scheme in which two or more microwave frequencies with a certain
(FD) frequency interval are used to transmit/receive the same signal and selection is then
performed between the two signals to ease the impact of fading.
G
GCRA generic cell rate algorithm
GE See gigabit Ethernet.
GFC generic flow control
GFP See Generic Framing Procedure.
GNE See gateway network element.
GPS See Global Positioning System.
GTS See generic traffic shaping.
GUI graphical user interface
Generic Framing A framing and encapsulation method which can be applied to any data type. It has been
Procedure (GFP) standardized by ITU-T SG15.
Global Positioning A global navigation satellite system. It provides reliable positioning, navigation, and
System (GPS) timing services to worldwide users.
gateway A device that connects two network segments using different protocols. It is used to
translate the data in the two network segments.
gateway network A network element that is used for communication between the NE application layer and
element (GNE) the NM application layer.
generic traffic shaping A traffic control measure that proactively adjusts the output speed of the traffic. This is
(GTS) to adapt the traffic to network resources that can be provided by the downstream router
to avoid packet discarding and congestion.
gigabit Ethernet (GE) A collection of technologies for transmitting Ethernet frames at a rate of a gigabit per
second, as defined by the IEEE 802.3z standard. GE is compatible with 10 Mbit/s and
100 Mbit/s Ethernet. It runs at 1000 Mbit/s. Gigabit Ethernet uses a private medium, and
it does not support coaxial cables or other cables. It also supports the channels in the
bandwidth mode. If Gigabit Ethernet is, however, deployed to be the private bandwidth
system with a bridge (switch) or a router as the center, it gives full play to the performance
and the bandwidth. In the network structure, Gigabit Ethernet uses full duplex links that
are private, causing the length of the links to be sufficient for backbone applications in
a building and campus.
H
HDLC High-Level Data Link Control
HQoS See hierarchical quality of service.
HSDPA See High Speed Downlink Packet Access.
HSM hitless switch mode
High Speed Downlink A modulating-demodulating algorithm put forward in 3GPP R5 to meet the requirement
Packet Access for asymmetric uplink and downlink transmission of data services. It enables the
(HSDPA) maximum downlink data service rate to reach 14.4 Mbit/s without changing the
WCDMA network topology.
hierarchical quality of A type of QoS that controls the traffic of users and performs the scheduling according
service (HQoS) to the priority of user services. HQoS has an advanced traffic statistics function, and the
administrator can monitor the usage of bandwidth of each service. Hence, the bandwidth
can be allocated reasonably through traffic analysis.
hybrid radio The hybrid transmission of Native E1 and Native Ethernet signals. Hybrid radio supports
the AM function.
I
I/O input/output
ICMP See Internet Control Message Protocol.
IDU See indoor unit.
IEEE See Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
IETF See Internet Engineering Task Force.
IF See intermediate frequency.
IGMP See Internet Group Management Protocol.
IGMP snooping A multicast constraint mechanism running on a layer 2 device. This protocol manages
and controls the multicast group by listening to and analyzing Internet Group
Management Protocol (IGMP) packets between hosts and Layer 3 devices. In this
manner, the spread of the multicast data on layer 2 network can be prevented efficiently.
IGP See Interior Gateway Protocol.
IMA See inverse multiplexing over ATM.
IP Internet Protocol
IPv4 See Internet Protocol version 4.
Internet Protocol The current version of the Internet Protocol (IP). IPv4 utilizes a 32bit address which is
version 4 (IPv4) assigned to hosts. An address belongs to one of five classes (A, B, C, D, or E) and is
written as 4 octets separated by periods and may range from 0.0.0.0 through to
255.255.255.255. Each IPv4 address consists of a network number, an optional
subnetwork number, and a host number. The network and subnetwork numbers together
are used for routing, and the host number is used to address an individual host within the
network or subnetwork.
Internet Protocol An update version of IPv4, which is designed by the Internet Engineering Task Force
version 6 (IPv6) (IETF) and is also called IP Next Generation (IPng). It is a new version of the Internet
Protocol. The difference between IPv6 and IPv4 is that an IPv4 address has 32 bits while
an IPv6 address has 128 bits.
indoor unit (IDU) The indoor unit of the split-structured radio equipment. It implements accessing,
multiplexing/demultiplexing, and intermediate frequency (IF) processing for services.
intermediate frequency The transitional frequency between the frequencies of a modulated signal and an RF
(IF) signal.
inverse multiplexing A technique that involves inverse multiplexing and de-multiplexing of ATM cells in a
over ATM (IMA) cyclical fashion among links grouped to form a higher bandwidth logical link whose rate
is approximately the sum of the link rates.
L
L2VPN Layer 2 virtual private network
LACP See Link Aggregation Control Protocol.
LAG See link aggregation group.
LAN See local area network.
LAPS Link Access Protocol-SDH
LB See loopback.
LCAS See link capacity adjustment scheme.
LM See loss measurement.
LOS See loss of signal.
LPT link-state pass through
LSDB link state database
LSP See label switched path.
LSP tunnel An LSP over which traffic is transmitted based on labels that are assigned to FECs on
the ingress. The traffic is transparent to the intermediate nodes
LSR See label switching router.
LTE Long Term Evolution
Layer 2 switching A data forwarding method. In a LAN, a network bridge or 802.3 Ethernet switch
transmits and distributes packet data based on the MAC address. Since the MAC address
is at the second layer of the OSI model, this data forwarding method is called Layer 2
switching.
Link Aggregation A dynamic link aggregation protocol that improves the transmission speed and
Control Protocol reliability. The two ends of the link send LACP packets to inform each other of their
(LACP) parameters and form a logical aggregation link. After the aggregation link is formed,
LACP maintains the link status in real time and dynamically adjusts the ports on the
aggregation link upon detecting the failure of a physical port.
label switched path A sequence of hops (R0...Rn) in which a packet travels from R0 to Rn through label
(LSP) switching mechanisms. A label-switched path can be chosen dynamically, based on
common routing mechanisms or through configuration.
label switching router Basic element of an MPLS network. All LSRs support the MPLS protocol. The LSR is
(LSR) composed of two parts: control unit and forwarding unit. The former is responsible for
allocating the label, selecting the route, creating the label forwarding table, creating and
removing the label switch path; the latter forwards the labels according to groups
received in the label forwarding table.
laser A component that generates directional optical waves of narrow wavelengths. The laser
light has better coherence than ordinary light. The fiber system takes the semi-conductor
laser as the light source.
line rate The maximum packet forwarding capacity on a cable. The value of line rate equals the
maximum transmission rate capable on a given type of media.
linear MSP linear multiplex section protection
link aggregation group An aggregation that allows one or more links to be aggregated together to form a link
(LAG) aggregation group so that a MAC client can treat the link aggregation group as if it were
a single link.
link capacity LCAS in the virtual concatenation source and sink adaptation functions provides a
adjustment scheme control mechanism to hitless increase or decrease the capacity of a link to meet the
(LCAS) bandwidth needs of the application. It also provides a means of removing member links
that have experienced failure. The LCAS assumes that in cases of capacity initiation,
increases or decreases, the construction or destruction of the end-to-end path is the
responsibility of the network and element management systems.
local area network A network formed by the computers and workstations within the coverage of a few square
(LAN) kilometers or within a single building. It features high speed and low error rate. Ethernet,
FDDI, and Token Ring are three technologies used to implement a LAN. Current LANs
are generally based on switched Ethernet or Wi-Fi technology and running at 1,000 Mbit/
s (that is, 1 Gbit/s).
loopback (LB) A troubleshooting technique that returns a transmitted signal to its source so that the
signal or message can be analyzed for errors. The loopback can be a inloop or outloop.
loss measurement (LM) A method used to collect counter values applicable for ingress and egress service frames
where the counters maintain a count of transmitted and received data frames between a
pair of MEPs.
loss of signal (LOS) No transitions occurring in the received signal.
M
MA maintenance association
MAC See Media Access Control.
MADM multiple add/drop multiplexer
MBS maximum burst size
Multiprotocol Label A technology that uses short tags of fixed length to encapsulate packets in different link
Switching (MPLS) layers, and provides connection-oriented switching for the network layer on the basis of
IP routing and control protocols. It improves the cost performance and expandability of
networks, and is beneficial to routing.
maintenance domain The network or the part of the network for which connectivity is managed by connectivity
(MD) fault management (CFM). The devices in a maintenance domain are managed by a single
Internet service provider (ISP).
management A type of database used for managing the devices in a communications network. It
information base (MIB) comprises a collection of objects in a (virtual) database used to manage entities (such as
routers and switches) in a network.
maximum transmission The largest packet of data that can be transmitted on a network. MTU size varies,
unit (MTU) depending on the network576 bytes on X.25 networks, for example, 1500 bytes on
Ethernet, and 17,914 bytes on 16 Mbit/s token ring. Responsibility for determining the
size of the MTU lies with the link layer of the network. When packets are transmitted
across networks, the path MTU, or PMTU, represents the smallest packet size (the one
that all networks can transmit without breaking up the packet) among the networks
involved.
mean time between The average time between consecutive failures of a piece of equipment. It is a measure
failures (MTBF) of the reliability of the system.
mean time to repair The average time that a device will take to recover from a failure.
(MTTR)
message digest A hash function that is used in a variety of security applications to check message
algorithm 5 (MD5) integrity. MD5 processes a variable-length message into a fixed-length output of 128
bits. It breaks up an input message into 512-bit blocks (sixteen 32-bit little-endian
integers). After a series of processing, the output consists of four 32-bit words, which
are then cascaded into a 128-bit hash number.
multicast A process of transmitting data packets from one source to many destinations. The
destination address of the multicast packet uses Class D address, that is, the IP address
ranges from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. Each multicast address represents a multicast
group rather than a host.
multiple spanning tree A type of spanning trees calculated by MSTP within an MST Region, to provide a simply
instance (MSTI) and fully connected active topology for frames classified as belonging to a VLAN that
is mapped to the MSTI by the MST Configuration. A VLAN cannot be assigned to
multiple MSTIs.
multiplex section A function, which is performed to provide capability for switching a signal between and
protection (MSP) including two multiplex section termination (MST) functions, from a "working" to a
"protection" channel.
multiprotocol label A packet transport technology proposed by IETF that combines the packet experience
switching transport of MPLS with the operational experience of transport networks.
profile (MPLS-TP)
multiprotocol label An Internet Protocol (IP) virtual private network (VPN) based on the multiprotocol label
switching virtual switching (MPLS) technology. It applies the MPLS technology for network routers and
private network switches, simplifies the routing mode of core routers, and combines traditional routing
(MPLS VPN) technology and label switching technology. It can be used to construct the broadband
Intranet and Extranet to meet various service requirements.
N+1 protection A radio link protection system composed of N working channels and one protection
channel.
NE network element
NE Explorer The main operation interface, of the network management system, which is used to
manage the telecommunication equipment. In the NE Explorer, the user can query,
manage and maintain the NE, boards, and ports on a per-NE basis.
NNI network-to-network interface
NPE network provider edge
NSAP See network service access point.
NSF non-stop forwarding
network service access A network address defined by ISO, at which the OSI Network Service is made available
point (NSAP) to a Network service user by the Network service provider.
network storm A phenomenon that occurs during data communication. To be specific, mass broadcast
packets are transmitted in a short time; the network is congested; transmission quality
and availability of the network decrease rapidly. The network storm is caused by network
connection or configuration problems.
node A managed device in the network. For a device with a single frame, one node stands for
one device. For a device with multiple frames, one node stands for one frame of the
device.
non-GNE See non-gateway network element.
non-gateway network A network element that communicates with the NM application layer through the
element (non-GNE) gateway NE application layer.
O
O&M operation and maintenance
OAM See operation, administration and maintenance.
OAMPDU operation, administration and maintenance protocol data unit
ODF optical distribution frame
ODU See outdoor unit.
OSI See open systems interconnection.
OSPF See Open Shortest Path First.
Open Shortest Path A link-state, hierarchical interior gateway protocol (IGP) for network routing. Dijkstra's
First (OSPF) algorithm is used to calculate the shortest path tree. It uses cost as its routing metric. A
link state database is constructed with the network topology which is identical on all
routers in the area.
open systems A framework of ISO standards for communication between different systems made by
interconnection (OSI) different vendors, in which the communications process is organized into seven different
categories that are placed in a layered sequence based on their relationship to the user.
Each layer uses the layer immediately below it and provides a service to the layer above.
Layers 7 through 4 deal with end-to-end communication between the message source
and destination, and layers 3 through 1 deal with network functions.
operation, A group of network support functions that monitor and sustain segment operation,
administration and support activities that are concerned with, but not limited to, failure detection,
maintenance (OAM) notification, location, and repairs that are intended to eliminate faults and keep a segment
in an operational state, and support activities required to provide the services of a
subscriber access network to users/subscribers.
orderwire A channel that provides voice communication between operation engineers or
maintenance engineers of different stations.
outdoor unit (ODU) The outdoor unit of the split-structured radio equipment. It implements frequency
conversion and amplification for radio frequency (RF) signals.
P
P2P See point-to-point service.
PBS See peak burst size.
PCB See printed circuit board.
PDH See plesiochronous digital hierarchy.
PDU protocol data unit
PE See provider edge.
PHB See per-hop behavior.
PIR peak information rate
PLA See physical link aggregation.
PLL See phase-locked loop.
PPP Point-to-Point Protocol
PRBS See pseudo random binary sequence.
PRI primary rate interface
PSN See packet switched network.
PSTN See public switched telephone network.
PTN packet transport network
PTP Precision Time Protocol
PTP clock See Precision Time Protocol clock.
PVP See permanent virtual path.
PW See pseudo wire.
PWE3 See pseudo wire emulation edge-to-edge.
Precision Time A type of high-decision clock defined by the IEEE 1588 V2 standard. The IEEE 1588
Protocol clock (PTP V2 standard specifies the precision time protocol (PTP) in a measurement and control
clock) system. The PTP protocol ensures clock synchronization precise to sub-microseconds.
packet switched A telecommunications network that works in packet switching mode.
network (PSN)
paired slots Two slots of which the overheads can be passed through by using the bus on the
backplane.
peak burst size (PBS) A parameter that is used to define the capacity of token bucket P, that is, the maximum
burst IP packet size when the information is transferred at the peak information rate. This
parameter must be larger than 0. It is recommended that PBS should be not less than the
maximum length of the IP packet that might be forwarded. See also CIR, CBS, and PIR.
per-hop behavior IETF Diff-Serv workgroup defines forwarding behaviors of network nodes as per-hop
(PHB) behaviors (PHB), such as, traffic scheduling and policing. A device in the network should
select the proper PHB behaviors, based on the value of DSCP. At present, the IETF
defines four types of PHB. They are class selector (CS), expedited forwarding (EF),
assured forwarding (AF), and best-effort (BE).
permanent virtual path Virtual path that consists of PVCs.
(PVP)
phase-locked loop A circuit that consists essentially of a phase detector which compares the frequency of
(PLL) a voltage-controlled oscillator with that of an incoming carrier signal or reference-
frequency generator; the output of the phase detector, after passing through a loop filter,
is fed back to the voltage-controlled oscillator to keep it exactly in phase with the
incoming or reference frequency.
physical link Being a technology providing load balancing based on physical layer bandwidths,
aggregation (PLA) physical link aggregation (PLA) combines Ethernet transmission paths in several
Integrated IP radio links into a logical Ethernet link for higher Ethernet bandwidth and
Ethernet transmission reliability.
plesiochronous digital A multiplexing scheme of bit stuffing and byte interleaving. It multiplexes the minimum
hierarchy (PDH) rate 64 kit/s into the 2 Mbit/s, 34 Mbit/s, 140 Mbit/s, and 565 Mbit/s rates.
point-to-point service A service between two terminal users. In P2P services, senders and recipients are
(P2P) terminal users.
polarization A kind of electromagnetic wave, the direction of whose electric field vector is fixed or
rotates regularly. Specifically, if the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave is
perpendicular to the plane of horizon, this electromagnetic wave is called vertically
polarized wave; if the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave is parallel to the
plane of horizon, this electromagnetic wave is called horizontal polarized wave; if the
tip of the electric field vector, at a fixed point in space, describes a circle, this
electromagnetic wave is called circularly polarized wave.
printed circuit board A board used to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components
(PCB) using conductive pathways, tracks, or traces, etched from copper sheets laminated onto
a non-conductive substrate.
provider edge (PE) A device that is located in the backbone network of the MPLS VPN structure. A PE is
responsible for managing VPN users, establishing LSPs between PEs, and exchanging
routing information between sites of the same VPN. A PE performs the mapping and
forwarding of packets between the private network and the public channel. A PE can be
a UPE, an SPE, or an NPE.
pseudo random binary A sequence that is random in a sense that the value of an element is independent of the
sequence (PRBS) values of any of the other elements, similar to real random sequences.
pseudo wire (PW) An emulated connection between two PEs for transmitting frames. The PW is established
and maintained by PEs through signaling protocols. The status information of a PW is
maintained by the two end PEs of a PW.
pseudo wire emulation An end-to-end Layer 2 transmission technology. It emulates the essential attributes of a
edge-to-edge (PWE3) telecommunication service such as ATM, FR or Ethernet in a packet switched network
(PSN). PWE3 also emulates the essential attributes of low speed time division
multiplexing (TDM) circuit and SONET/SDH. The simulation approximates to the real
situation.
public switched A telecommunications network established to perform telephone services for the public
telephone network subscribers. Sometimes it is called POTS.
(PSTN)
Q
QAM See quadrature amplitude modulation.
QPSK See quadrature phase shift keying.
QinQ See 802.1Q in 802.1Q.
QoS See quality of service.
quadrature amplitude Both an analog and a digital modulation scheme. It conveys two analog message signals,
modulation (QAM) or two digital bit streams, by changing (modulating) the amplitudes of two carrier waves,
using the amplitude-shift keying (ASK) digital modulation scheme or amplitude
modulation (AM) analog modulation scheme. These two waves, usually sinusoids, are
out of phase with each other by 90 and are thus called quadrature carriers or quadrature
components hence the name of the scheme.
quadrature phase shift A modulation method of data transmission through the conversion or modulation and
keying (QPSK) the phase determination of the reference signals (carrier). It is also called the fourth period
or 4-phase PSK or 4-PSK. QPSK uses four dots in the star diagram. The four dots are
evenly distributed on a circle. On these phases, each QPSK character can perform two-
bit coding and display the codes in Gray code on graph with the minimum BER.
quality of service (QoS) A commonly-used performance indicator of a telecommunication system or channel.
Depending on the specific system and service, it may relate to jitter, delay, packet loss
ratio, bit error ratio, and signal-to-noise ratio. It functions to measure the quality of the
transmission system and the effectiveness of the services, as well as the capability of a
service provider to meet the demands of users.
R
RADIUS See Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service.
RADIUS accounting An accounting mode in which the BRAS sends the accounting packets to the RADIUS
server. Then the RADIUS server performs accounting.
RDI remote defect indication
RED See random early detection.
REI remote error indication
RF See radio frequency.
RFC See Request For Comments.
RMEP remote maintenance association end point
RMON remote network monitoring
RNC See radio network controller.
route The path that network traffic takes from its source to its destination. In a TCP/IP network,
each IP packet is routed independently. Routes can change dynamically.
router A device on the network layer that selects routes in the network. The router selects the
optimal route according to the destination address of the received packet through a
network and forwards the packet to the next router. The last router is responsible for
sending the packet to the destination host. Can be used to connect a LAN to a LAN, a
WAN to a WAN, or a LAN to the Internet.
rt-VBR See real-time variable bit rate.
S
SAI service area identifier
SAToP Structure-Agnostic Time Division Multiplexing over Packet
SCSI small computer system interface
SD See space diversity.
SDH See synchronous digital hierarchy.
SEC security screening
SES severely errored second
SETS SDH equipment timing source
SF See signal fail.
SFP small form-factor pluggable
SLA See service level agreement.
SNCP subnetwork connection protection
SNMP See Simple Network Management Protocol.
SNR See signal-to-noise ratio.
SRN serial number
SSL See Secure Sockets Layer.
SSM See Synchronization Status Message.
STM See synchronous transport module.
STM-1 See Synchronous Transport Module level 1.
STM-4 Synchronous Transport Module level 4
STM-N Synchronous Transport Module level N
STP Spanning Tree Protocol
Secure Sockets Layer A security protocol that works at a socket level. This layer exists between the TCP layer
(SSL) and the application layer to encrypt/decode data and authenticate concerned entities.
Simple Network A network management protocol of TCP/IP. It enables remote users to view and modify
Management Protocol the management information of a network element. This protocol ensures the
(SNMP) transmission of management information between any two points. The polling
mechanism is adopted to provide basic function sets. According to SNMP, agents, which
can be hardware as well as software, can monitor the activities of various devices on the
network and report these activities to the network console workstation. Control
information about each device is maintained by a management information block.
Synchronization Status A message that carries quality levels of timing signals on a synchronous timing link.
Message (SSM) Nodes on an SDH network and a synchronization network acquire upstream clock
information through this message. Then the nodes can perform proper operations on their
clocks, such as tracing, switching, or converting to holdoff, and forward the
synchronization information to downstream nodes.
Synchronous Synchronous transfer mode at 155 Mbit/s.
Transport Module level
1 (STM-1)
service level agreement A service agreement between a customer and a service provider. SLA specifies the
(SLA) service level for a customer. The customer can be a user organization (source domain)
or another differentiated services domain (upstream domain). An SLA may include
traffic conditioning rules which constitute a traffic conditioning agreement as a whole
or partially.
signal fail (SF) A signal indicating that associated data has failed in the sense that a near-end defect
condition (non-degrade defect) is active.
signal-to-noise ratio The ratio of the amplitude of the desired signal to the amplitude of noise signals at a
(SNR) given point in time. SNR is expressed as 10 times the logarithm of the power ratio and
is usually expressed in dB (Decibel).
single-ended switching A protection operation method that takes switching action only at the affected end of the
protected entity (for example, trail, subnetwork connection), in the case of a
unidirectional failure.
single-polarized An antenna intended to radiate or receive radio waves with only one specified
antenna polarization.
space diversity (SD) A diversity scheme that enables two or more antennas separated by a specific distance
to transmit/receive the same signal and selection is then performed between the two
signals to ease the impact of fading. Currently, only receive SD is used.
subnet mask The technique used by the IP protocol to determine which network segment packets are
destined for. The subnet mask is a binary pattern that is stored in the device and is matched
with the IP address.
synchronous digital A transmission scheme that follows ITU-T G.707, G.708, and G.709. It defines the
hierarchy (SDH) transmission features of digital signals such as frame structure, multiplexing mode,
transmission rate level, and interface code. SDH is an important part of ISDN and B-
ISDN. It interleaves the bytes of low-speed signals to multiplex the signals to high-speed
counterparts, and the line coding of scrambling is used only for signals. SDH is suitable
for the fiber communication system with high speed and a large capacity since it uses
synchronous multiplexing and flexible mapping structure.
synchronous transport An information structure used to support section layer connections in the SDH. It consists
module (STM) of information payload and Section Overhead (SOH) information fields organized in a
block frame structure which repeats every 125. The information is suitably conditioned
for serial transmission on the selected media at a rate which is synchronized to the
network. A basic STM is defined at 155 520 kbit/s. This is termed STM-1. Higher
capacity STMs are formed at rates equivalent to N times this basic rate. STM capacities
for N = 4, N = 16 and N = 64 are defined; higher values are under consideration.
T
T1 A North American standard for high-speed data transmission at 1.544Mbps. It provides
24 x 64 kbit/s channels.
TCI tag control information
TCP See Transmission Control Protocol.
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TD-SCDMA See Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access.
TDD time division duplex
TDM See time division multiplexing.
TDMA See Time Division Multiple Access.
TE See traffic engineering.
TEDB See traffic engineering database.
TIM trace identifier mismatch
TMN See telecommunications management network.
TOS test operation system
TUG tributary unit group
Telnet A standard terminal emulation protocol in the TCP/IP protocol stack. Telnet allows users
to log in to remote systems and use resources as if they were connected to a local system.
Telnet is defined in RFC 854.
Time Division Multiple An approach used for allocating a single channel among many users, by dividing the
Access (TDMA) channel into different timeslots during which each user has access to the medium.
Time Division- A 3G mobile communications standard found in UMTS mobile telecommunications
Synchronous Code networks in China as an alternative to W-CDMA. TD-SCDMA integrates technologies
Division Multiple of CDMA, TDMA, and FDMA, and makes use of technologies including intelligent
Access (TD-SCDMA) antenna, joint detection, low chip rate (LCR), and adaptive power control. With the
flexibility of service processing, a TD-SCDMA network can connect to other networks
through the RNC.
Transmission Control The protocol within TCP/IP that governs the breakup of data messages into packets to
Protocol (TCP) be sent using Internet Protocol (IP), and the reassembly and verification of the complete
messages from packets received by IP. A connection-oriented, reliable protocol (reliable
in the sense of ensuring error-free delivery), TCP corresponds to the transport layer in
the ISO/OSI reference model.
tail drop A congestion management mechanism, in which packets arrive later are discarded when
the queue is full. This policy of discarding packets may result in network-wide
synchronization due to the TCP slow startup mechanism.
tangent ring A concept borrowed from geometry. Two tangent rings have a common node between
them. The common node often leads to single-point failures.
telecommunications A protocol model defined by ITU-T for managing open systems in a communications
management network network. An architecture for management, including planning, provisioning, installation,
(TMN) maintenance, operation and administration of telecommunications equipment, networks
and services.
time division A multiplexing technology. TDM divides the sampling cycle of a channel into time slots
multiplexing (TDM) (TSn, n=0, 1, 2, 3), and the sampling value codes of multiple signals engross time slots
in a certain order, forming multiple multiplexing digital signals to be transmitted over
one channel.
trTCM See two rate three color marker.
traffic engineering (TE) A technology that is used to dynamically monitor the traffic of the network and the load
of the network elements, to adjust in real time the parameters such as traffic management
parameters, route parameters and resource restriction parameters, and to optimize the
utilization of network resources. The purpose is to prevent the congestion caused by
unbalanced loads.
traffic engineering A type of database that every router generates after collecting the information about TE
database (TEDB) of every links in its area. TEDB is the base of forming the dynamic TE path in the MPLS
TE network.
tributary loopback A fault can be located for each service path by performing loopback to each path of the
tributary board. There are three kinds of loopback modes: no loopback, outloop, and
inloop.
tunnel A channel on the packet switching network that transmits service traffic between PEs.
In VPN, a tunnel is an information transmission channel between two entities. The tunnel
ensures secure and transparent transmission of VPN information. In most cases, a tunnel
is an MPLS tunnel.
two rate three color An algorithm that meters an IP packet stream and marks its packets based on two rates,
marker (trTCM) Peak Information Rate (PIR) and Committed Information Rate (CIR), and their
associated burst sizes to be either green, yellow, or red. A packet is marked red if it
exceeds the PIR. Otherwise it is marked either yellow or green depending on whether it
exceeds or does not exceed the CIR.
U
UART universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter
UAS unavailable second
UBR unspecified bit rate
UBR+ Unspecified Bit Rate Plus
UDP See User Datagram Protocol.
UI user interface
UNI See user-to-network interface.
UPC See usage parameter control.
User Datagram A TCP/IP standard protocol that allows an application program on one device to send a
Protocol (UDP) datagram to an application program on another. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) uses IP
to deliver datagram. UDP provides application programs with the unreliable
connectionless packet delivery service. There is a possibility that UDP messages will be
lost, duplicated, delayed, or delivered out of order. The destination device does not
confirm whether a data packet is received.
unicast The process of sending data from a source to a single recipient.
usage parameter During communications, UPC is implemented to monitor the actual traffic on each virtual
control (UPC) circuit that is input to the network. Once the specified parameter is exceeded, measures
will be taken to control. NPC is similar to UPC in function. The difference is that the
incoming traffic monitoring function is divided into UPC and NPC according to their
positions. UPC locates at the user/network interface, while NPC at the network interface.
user-to-network The interface between user equipment and private or public network equipment (for
interface (UNI) example, ATM switches).
V
V-NNI virtual network-network interface
V-UNI See virtual user-network interface.
VB virtual bridge
VBR See variable bit rate.
VC See virtual container.
VCC See virtual channel connection.
VCCV virtual circuit connectivity verification
VCG See virtual concatenation group.
VCI virtual channel identifier
VCTRUNK A virtual concatenation group applied in data service mapping, also called the internal
port of a data service processing board.
VLAN virtual local area network
VPI See virtual path identifier.
VPLS virtual private LAN segment
VPN virtual private network
VSWR voltage standing wave ratio
VoIP See voice over IP.
variable bit rate (VBR) One of the traffic classes used by ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode). Unlike a
permanent CBR (Constant Bit Rate) channel, a VBR data stream varies in bandwidth
and is better suited to non real time transfers than to real-time streams such as voice calls.
virtual channel A VC logical trail that carries data between two end points in an ATM network. A point-
connection (VCC) to-multipoint VCC is a set of ATM virtual connections between two or multiple end
points.
virtual circuit A channel or circuit established between two points on a data communications network
with packet switching. Virtual circuits can be permanent virtual circuits (PVCs) or
switched virtual circuits (SVCs) .
virtual concatenation A group of co-located member trail termination functions that are connected to the same
group (VCG) virtual concatenation link
virtual container (VC) The information structure used to support path layer connections in the SDH. It consists
of information payload and path overhead (POH) information fields organized in a block
frame structure which repeats every 125 or 500 s.
virtual path identifier The field in the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) cell header that identifies to which
(VPI) virtual path the cell belongs.
virtual user-network A virtual user-network interface, works as an action point to perform service
interface (V-UNI) classification and traffic control in HQoS.
voice over IP (VoIP) An IP telephony term for a set of facilities used to manage the delivery of voice
information over the Internet. VoIP involves sending voice information in a digital form
in discrete packets rather than by using the traditional circuit-committed protocols of the
public switched telephone network (PSTN).
W
WAN See wide area network.
WCDMA See Wideband Code Division Multiple Access.
WDM wavelength division multiplexing
WEEE waste electrical and electronic equipment
WFQ See weighted fair queuing.
WRED See weighted random early detection.
WRR weighted round robin
WTR See wait to restore.
Web LCT The local maintenance terminal of a transport network, which is located at the NE
management layer of the transport network.
Wi-Fi See Wireless Fidelity.
Wideband Code A standard defined by the ITU-T for the third-generation wireless technology derived
Division Multiple from the Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) technology.
Access (WCDMA)
Wireless Fidelity (Wi- A short-distant wireless transmission technology. It enables wireless access to the
Fi) Internet within a range of hundreds of feet wide.
wait to restore (WTR) The number of minutes to wait before services are switched back to the working line.
weighted fair queuing A fair queue scheduling algorithm based on bandwidth allocation weights. This
(WFQ) scheduling algorithm allocates the total bandwidth of an interface to queues, according
to their weights and schedules the queues cyclically. In this manner, packets of all priority
queues can be scheduled.
weighted random early A packet loss algorithm used for congestion avoidance. It can prevent the global TCP
detection (WRED) synchronization caused by traditional tail-drop. WRED is favorable for the high-priority
packet when calculating the packet loss ratio.
wide area network A network composed of computers which are far away from each other which are
(WAN) physically connected through specific protocols. WAN covers a broad area, such as a
province, a state or even a country.
winding pipe A tool for fiber routing, which acts as the corrugated pipe.
X
XPIC See cross polarization interference cancellation.