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Citation:
Sedwick, M. B., Lance-Smith, M., Reeder, S. J., & Nardi, J. (2012). Using Evidence-Based Practice to
Ventilator bundle and care practices for nurses in critical care units to reduce the rate of ventilator-associated
pneumonia.
The ventilator bundle developed by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement was expanded to include protocols for
mouth care and hand washing, head-of-bed alarms, subglottic suctioning, and use of an electronic compliance
feedback tool. Compliance audits were used to provide immediate electronic feedback.
Sampling: (What was the sample size and how were participants selected?)
The sample size included patients in the ICU (United States) who were on ventilators and acquired VAP (ventilator
acquired pneumonia). There is a interdiscipilnary team working together to reduce the number of VAPs by using
Data Collection: (What were the data collection strategies-i.e. interview, observation, field note, etc?)
Data collection was done by auditors: a total of 4709 ventilator days were audited for the project from January 2009
through December 2009. In a 38-month study in a surgical ICU, Bird et al compared VAP rates before and after
initiation of the IHI bundle. Before use of the bundle, the VAP rate was 10.2 cases per 1000 ventilator days. During
the study period, the rate decreased to 3.4 cases per 1000 ventilator days.
Adherence to practices included in the bundle increased. Compliance rates were greater than 98% for prophylaxis
for peptic ulcer disease and deep-vein thrombosis, interruption of sedation, and elevation of the head of the bed. The
compliance rate for the oral care protocol increased from 76% to 96.8%. Readiness for extubation reached at least
92.4%. Rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia decreased from 9.47 to 1.9 cases per 1000 ventilator days. The
Limitations: What does the author state as limitations? What other limitations do you see?
The authors believed that the implementation of bundled practices contributed to a reduction of the VAP rates.
However, nurses need to be consistently apprised of patient safety issues and provided with the support to deliver
high-quality care. The feedback tool, use of the electronic medical record, and other strategies can be developed to
address staff performance and other quality issues. Some other limitations I see are having the interdiscipilnary team
being willing to follow through and share the responsibilities of the bundle project. If all the team members arent
Internal Validity: Indicate which category of internal validity applies to the study____
General Comments:
This article shows that even the smallest tasks can prevent major complications for patients and that health care team
members should all be conscientious in practicing the VAP bundle.
Applicability to Practice:
I feel that as a nurse, it is our responsibility to make sure our patients receive quality care regardless of where they
are admitted to. By paying attention to detailed aspects of patient are, we would be able to minimize the number of
HAIs (hospital acquired infections). Something as simple as brushing a patients teeth can minimize the risk of many
infections and reduce the cost of health care.
- The results confirm that nurses can improve patients outcomes through the use of evidence-based practices.
- Accountability for daily patient care is a key component to improving patients outcomes.
- Nurses and other health-care professionals can use this project as a template for addressing other quality projects,
such as pressure ulcers, falls, and bloodstream infections.