Biotechnology

By: Tomas, Estrella, Jessica, & Karla

 History of
Biotechnology
1979: human growth hormones are synthesized for the
first time

1981: Scientist at Ohio University produce first

transgenic animals (mice)

1996: first genetically engineered crop is

commercialized

1997: first sheep named Dolly from Scotland becomes

the first animal cloned from an adult cell

2002: the banteng, an endangered species, is cloned

for the first time
Stem Cells
-a stem cell is a cell that is able to replicate into any other cell

-once only extracted by destroying human embryos, but now can be extracted
from blood flowing through the umbilical cord.

-adult stem cells can be found in muscle tissue and bone marrow

-can be used to treat parkinson's, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, arthritis,

burn victims, and certain cardiovascular diseases

-Wrongful implantation of stem cells could cause harm to an individual

Cloning
- Making an identical copy
- Embryonic cells are better for cloning
- Produce embryonic stem cells: same DNA as the donor cell
- Create stem cells: genetically identical to an individual
- Extinct creatures
- Diseased pets
- Drug production
- Expensive and highly inefficient
- Life saver: body parts +
- Violation in society -
GMOs
Genes from the DNA of one organism is forced into the genes of an unrelated plant or
animal.
Genetically modified food can cause health problems such as immune problems,
accelerated aging, faulty insulin regulation, and changes in major organs. Example: 1
cot rn about 85% of corn grown in the U.S. is genetically modified 2-Milk- Cows are
given a rBGH (type of hormone) that increases their production of milk 3- Soy, its the
heaviest genetically modified food in the U.S

Criminal Forensics
When it comes to criminal forensics we wonder if DNA analysis should be
used for this cause.

By using DNA it could be something as simple as a piece of hair or a

fingernail but it basically sums up the fact that humans have their DNA
everywhere and it would be easier to get.

There is 2 types of DNA testing which are mitochondrial DNA and STR DNA.

This helps figure out situations where you need to identify a person, provides
a record of a person at a particular time and/or determining ownership.
Genetic Engineering and Reproduction
Genetic engineering: altering
and cloning genes

Reproduction: creates new trait

in next offsprings genes

Undermine the autonomy of the

resulting child -

Gene therapy +
https://www.genome.gov/25020028/cloning-fact-sheet/

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cloning/whyclone/

http://responsibletechnology.org/gmo-education/

http://responsibletechnology.org/gmo-education/health-risks/

http://www.crimescene-forensics.com/DNA.html

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2598241/

https://www.bio.org/articles/history-biotechnology