FARMERS Rabies

NASC 7 U Italy, 1546

Lyme Disease
Diseases From and Through Animals USA 1975
Brucellosis
I. Definitions
Malta, 1850s
Disease: According to Merriam-Webster E. coli
Dictionary, disease is a condition of the Germany, 1885
living animal or plant body or of one of its Salmonella
parts that impair normal functioning and is USA, 1885
typically manifested by distinguishing signs Cryptosporidiosis
and symptoms. USA, 1907
Zoonotic Disease: This is also known as Influenza Pandemic
zoonosis which is an infectious disease that Global , 1918
is transmitted between species from Ebola
animals to humans (or from humans to Africa, 1976
animals). H5N1 (avian influenza)
China, 1997
How do these diseases spread between Nipah Virus
animals and humans? Malaysia, 1999
SARS (Severe Acute respiratory)
1. Direct contact: Coming into contact with the
China, 2003
saliva, blood, urine, nasal secretions, feces or
AH1N1
other body fluids of an infected animal. Swine Influenza, USA 2009
Examples include petting or touching animals, MERS-CoV
and bites or scratches. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
2. Indirect contact: Coming into contact with Corona Virus, 2012
areas where animals live and roam, or objects
or surfaces that have been contaminated with III. Examples of Zoonotic Diseases in Tropical
germs. Examples include aquarium tank Countries
water, pet habitats, coops, plants, and soil, as
well as food and water dishes. A. Rabies
infectious viral disease caused
3. Vector borne: Being bitten by a mosquito, tick, by lyssaviruses
flea or other vector. vaccine-preventable
4. Foodborne: Each year, 1 in 6 Americans get present all over the world except in
sick from eating contaminated food. Eating or Antarctica
drinking something unsafe (such as mostly caused by dogs which contributes
unpasteurized milk, undercooked meat or 99% of all rabies transmission
eggs or unwashed fruits and vegetables that infection causes tens of thousands of
are contaminated with feces from an infected deaths every year, mostly in Asia and
animal). Africa

II. History of Widespread Zoonotic Diseases Symptoms:

fever
A historical timeline of some of the most tingling at the site of exposure
notorious zoonotic diseases (international): violent and uncontrolled movements
fear of water
Black Death (plague)
Treatment:
Europe , 1347
thoroughly washing of wounds with soap
Yellow Fever and water
South America , 16th Century rabies vaccine
 Mode of transmission: caused by parasites transmitted to
Saliva from an infected animal can also humans through the bite of the
transmit rabies if the saliva comes into Anopheles mosquito
contact with the eyes, mouth, or nose. occurs mostly in poor, tropical, and
subtropical areas of the world
B. Avian Influenza congenital malaria can happen if a
Avian (bird) influenza (flu) bird flu mother passes on the disease to her
extremely contagious and aggressive baby at birth
disease can also be transmitted through organ
causes rapid systemic illness and death transplant/transfusion
in susceptible birds
domestic chickens and turkeys are most Symptoms:
severely affected sensation of cold, shivering
can be transmitted to human impaired consciousness
multiple convulsions
Examples: A (H5N1), A (H7N9), and A (H9N2) abnormal bleeding and signs of anemia
deep breathing and respiratory distress
Symptoms:
cough Treatment:
diarrhea Most common antimalarial drugs include:
respiratory difficulties Chloroquine (Aralen)
fever (over 100.4F) Quinine sulfate (Qualaquin)
headache Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)
muscle aches Mefloquine
malaise Combination of atovaquone and
runny nose proguanil (Malarone)
sore throat
E. Leptospirosis
Treatment: bacterial disease
treatment with the antiviral medication caused by bacteria of genus Leptospira
oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or zanamivir that are spread through the urine of
(Relenza) infected animals (i.e. rodents, wild
animals)
C. Swine Influenza outbreaks of this disease are usually
Swine flu caused by exposure to contaminated
respiratory disease waters
caused by influenza viruses that infect if not treated, this might lead to kidney
the respiratory tract of pigs damage, meningitis, and even death
can be transmitted to humans
may mutate (change) so that they are Symptoms:
easily transmissible among humans high fever
jaundice (yellow skin and eyes)
Examples: A (H1N1) and A (H3N2) red eyes
abdominal pain
Symptoms:
barking cough muscle aches
decreased appetite headache
nasal secretions chills
listless behavior however, some have no symptoms at all

Treatment: Treatment:
vaccination antibiotics (doxycycline/penicillin)
contact a health care provider
D. Malaria
F. Dengue
 painful, debilitating mosquito-borne
disease caused by any one of the four
closely related dengue viruses
emerged as a worldwide problem since
the 1950s
transmitted by female mosquitoes mainly
of the species Aedes aegypti
there is no specific treatment for this, but
early detection proved to lower the
fatality rate
V.
Symptoms:
severe headache
joint pain
severe eye pain (behind the eyes)
low white blood cells count
mild bleeding manifestation
muscle and/or bone pain
nausea and vomiting
Treatment:
drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration
papaya leaves extract to increase platelet
count
take bed rest
acetaminophen to relieve pain and reduce
fever
IV. Disadvantages of Having These Diseases
For the animals themselves:
If the disease will not directly kill the animal/s
affected, it will surely weaken their health.
Their behavior will be altered (i.e. rabies
makes them more aggressive).
The next generation for breeding might still get
affected due to the inherited genes from the
generation that suffered the disease.
For humans (especially those taking care of them,
or living near the area these animals are raised):
There is a high possibility that they can
acquire the disease.
Their bodys response might be unpredictable
especially if its their first time being exposed
to the disease.
It might cause death.
For the economy as a whole (economic impact):
The government would have to compensate
for the incurred losses especially by
smallholders.
Producers will have lower yield which may
cause higher cost for their overall operations.
For the simple households, consumers will
have a lower buying power due to higher
prices caused by a disease outbreak.
Due to inefficient use of resources, higher
spending will be required especially if it will
take longer time for the disease/s to be
eradicated.
Ways To Prevent These Zoonotic Diseases
ANIMAL LEVEL making sure that animals do not
get infected by these diseases; thus reducing the
risk of infection as possible
Preventive Measures:
Give animals clean food and water
Manage the feces by removing it from animal
enclosures or anywhere near the animal as
frequent as possible (at least once a day)
Keep animals in clean, dry places
Do not keep animals overcrowded
Do not mix healthy animals with animals that
are not healthy
Maintain animal health through a routine
veterinary care (e.g. vaccinations, fecal tests,
blood tests, deworming)
COMMUNITY LEVEL preventing zoonoses from
spreading between animals and humans
Preventive measures:
Hygienic food preparation- cooking of food
and safe disposal of food wastes
Good personal hygiene- keeping hands clean
to avoid getting infected and spreading germs
or viruses to other people
General hygiene- e.g. surface cleaning,
laundry, etc.
Home health care- e.g. wound treatment
Control of insects and overall care of
domestic animals and pets
Avoid bites and scratches from animals
Awareness of various zoonotic diseases at
home, away from home, and when you travel
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