XLIX

Engineering Design Firm

9201 University City Blvd
Charlotte, NC 28223

Transmittal
Date:

Section: ENGR 1201 093

To: Chris McDaniel
Robert Russell
From: Yogeshwar Sookdeo, Patrick Bruce, and Jason Leed
Subject: Innovation Project Design Package

We are Memorandum Design Package Problem Set

submitting:
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Date Description
Innovation Project Design Package

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Individual Assignment Team Assignment -- Team No. 6

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Description

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 Team 6 Innovation Project Design Package
Course: ENGR 1201 - Introduction to Engineering Practices
and Principles I
Section: ENGR 1201 -- 093
Author: Yogeshwar Sookdeo, Patrick Bruce, Jason Leed
Date: Thursday, December 1, 2016

Date: November 21, 2016

Design Process Step 1: Define the problem

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The objective of this project is to design and build a cargo transporter to
transport a hazardous material a distance of twenty feet. For testing
purposes the hazardous material is simulated by baking soda and vinegar.
The design criteria and constraints set forth by the client is listed in Table 1.
The following assumptions are made for this design: the floor is level, servo
motor will work, the battery supplies consistent power.

Table 1. Cargo Transporter Design Criteria

Overall Dimensions 16L x 5H x

Constraint 8W
Distance load is
Transported 20 feet
Cost Limit $15.00
Must travel and stop independently
Use only Discovery Box and Arduino kit for
materials

Design Process step 2: Gather Information

The cargo transport will move hazardous loads, capable of creating a

hazardous chemical reaction should the materials spill. To avoid spillage
requires a smooth acceleration and deceleration. An abrupt start and stop is
not ideal. According to the idea of inertial frame of reference, a body in a
vehicle remains at rest when the vehicle begins to move so the vehicle
accelerates around the body. Conversely, a body in a vehicle maintains its
linear motion when the vehicle decelerates and/or changes direction. This
describes how the load responds to the acceleration and deceleration of the
cargo transporter. Minimalizing the forces acting on the cargo required a
slow acceleration and deceleration.

One way to achieve such delicate acceleration is by using a battery powered

electric motor. However there needs to be a way to control the time the
electric motor runs and the amount of voltage supplied to the electric motor
Assuming the battery supplies constant voltage, the voltage can be regulated
by routing it through a digital circuit board to divide the voltage. In order
automate how long the motor operates, a code is written using C/C++
programming language. The circuit boards are manufactured by Arduino.
Pre-written coding is available to download and can be altered to make
adjustments to the motor operation time.

How the motor accelerates the transporter uses the concept of torque. The
quantitative measure of the tendency of a force to cause or change a bodys
rotational motion is called torque and is always defined with respect to a
specific point (Young and Freeman, p309). On the transporter, the specific
point of reference for torque is the driving axis of rotation. The amount of
torque delivered by the motor specifically controls the acceleration of the
transporter. The amount of torque delivered by the motor is determined by

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the value of the angular rotation ranging from 0-180 degrees with the
maximum power delivered when the value is 180 degrees in the forward
direction and 0 degrees in the reverse direction.

Design Process Step 3: Generate multiple solutions.

Starting with propulsion, the options provided were two electric motors that
could rotate a driving axel or propeller and a mouse trap that could also
rotate the a driving axel. There were two braking system options. The axels
could be free spinning, allowing the transporter to coast to a stop using
added weight to counter the initial acceleration provided by the propulsion
system. The alternative is to couple the drive shaft directly to the motor and
so transporter comes to a stop when the motor shuts off. The options for
securing the load were using duct tape or toothpicks. The options for the
chassis were foam board or wooden board.

Design Process Step 4: Analyze and Select.

For such a complex prototype, the decision matrix is based on choosing the
best options to go into a single design. The braking system was most
important because the transporter had to deliver the load to a specific
destination 20 feet from its starting point. The most consistent way to ensure
the vehicle stopped when it needs to is to control the motion of the wheel
axis. This is best accomplished by coupling the electric motor the axis of a
driving wheel. Allowing the vehicle to coast to a stop using weight would
work but assuming the cargo load would not be consistent. The how soon the
vehicle comes to a complete stop would be subject to the varying weight of
the cargo. The propulsion system chosen was the servo electric motor. It was
the easiest motor to mount and attach directly to the wheel axis it also had
less torque than the alternative DC motor. For a mechanical propulsion
system, a string wrapped around the driving axis and then attached to the
lever of a spring loaded mousetrap would accelerate the transporter.
However the variables of string length, lever length, the tension of the string,
and lack of breaking control proved to be disadvantageous for the design.
Toothpicks surrounding the 4 quadrants of the load provided a sturdier option
than taping the load. The stickiness of the tape would also wear overtime
require constant replacement. The foam board was more customizable than
wood board. The cut out for the driving wheel would have to be made with a
saw, which was not readily available and required more man power.

Table 2:

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 Design Process Step 5: Vehicle selected to Test and Analyze

A: Visio Design

Figure Figure
1: 2:

B: Servo Code

servo1.write(10); // Rotate in one direction at full speed

delay(23000); // wait 3 seconds = 3000 milliseconds
servo1.write(90); // Stop rotation
delay(8000); // wait 3 seconds = 3000 milliseconds
servo1.write(90); // Rotate in other direction at full speed
delay(3000); // wait 3 seconds = 3000 milliseconds
servo1.write(90); // Stop rotation
delay(3000); // wait 3 seconds = 3000 milliseconds

C: Bill of Materials
Table
3:

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References

"Frequently Asked Questions." Https://www.arduino.cc. 2016. Accessed

November 30, 2016. https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/FAQ.

Hugh D Young, Roger A Freedman and A Lewis Ford, Sears and Zemanskys
University
Physics with Modern Physics 13th Edition. (San Francisco: Jim Smith, 2014),
110-111