RESULTS AND DISCUSSION +=10

5.2

H
A. Electrometric Determination of pH

Table 1. Electrometric Determination of pH of 6.31 x 106

Samples pH [H+]
Distilled Water 5.2 6.31 x 10 -6 Assigned Sample (Vinegar)

Assigned Sample 2.4 3.98 x 10 -3 +=102.4

(VINEGAR) H

Buffer Prepared 7.5 3.16 x 10 -8 3.98 x 103

different samples
Buffer Prepared

The pH meter was used to measure the +=107.5

accurate pH value of the samples. It was H
calibrated at pH 7 by Acid-Base Indicators
immersing it in distilled Color in Color
water and drying it using the in the 3.16 x 108
a soft tissue paper. After more pH more
calibrating, the bulb of the acid rang basic
Indicator range e range
electrode should be fully
pinkish 1.2 -
covered with the sample. Thymol blue red 2.8 yellow
The pH of the vinegar was Bromophenol 3.0 -
B. Colorimetric
2.4. It indicates that the blue yellow 4.6 violet
Determination
assigned sample was very Bromocresol 3.8 -
acidic. green yellow 5.4 blue
Acid- Base Indicators
Bromocresol 5.2 -
The desired pH of purple yellow 6.8 purple
the buffer prepared was 6.8 -
7.50. At the first Phenol red orange 8.4 red
immersion of the meter, 4.2 -
Methyl red red 6.3 yellow
the pH level was less than
3.1 -
7.50. The researchers Methyl orange red 4.4 yellow
added portions of 6.0 M colorles 8.0-
NaOH to increase the pH Phenolphthalein s 9.8 pink
level until it reached the desired pH.

To have the value of H+ of the samples,

get the inverse logarithm of pH.

Distilled Water
 blue respectively: pink, pale yellow, light
yellow, pale yellow, pale yellow, pale yellow,
pale yellow and pale yellow. Thymol blue has a
pH range of 1.2-2.8 which indicates that in the
more acidic range, the color of the solution must
be pinkish red and in the more basic range the
color must be yellow. Now based on the
experiment, the resulting acid color was pink
and the resulting basic color was pale yellow.

For pH 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 12.0,

distilled water, The following are the colors that
resulted from the acid-base indicator
Bromophenol blue repectively: yellow, yellow,
light blue, purple, lavender, green yellow, light
green and blue violet. Bromophenol blue has a
pH range of 3.0-4.6 which indicates that in the
more acidic range, the color of the solution must
be yellow and in the more basic range the color
pH must be violet. Now based on the experiment,

the resulting acid color was pink and the

resulting basic color was light blue.

Acid-base
Indicator 2.0 3.0 5.0

pale light
Thymol blue pink yellow yellow yellow For pH 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 12.0,
light
distilled water, The following are the colors that
Bromophenol blue yelow yellow blue purple
light light resulted from the acid-base indicator
Bromocresol green orange beige green Bromocresol green respectively: orange, light
Bromocresol pale
purple yellow yellow yellow
beige, light green, blue, blue, pale yellow, green
lavander
bright and light blue. Bromocresol green has a pH
Phenol red orange yellow yellow yellowrange of 3.8-5.4 which indicates that in the more
Methyl red pink purple pink yellowacidic range, the color of the solution must be
cherry yellow and in the more basic range the color
Methyl orange red red orange yellowmust be blue. Now based on the experiment, the
colorless
Phenolphthalein colorless colorless to pink resulting acid color was light beige and the
colorless
pH resulting basic color was light green.

Acid Base Indicators
For pH 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 12.0,
distilled water, The following are the colors that
resulted from the acid-base indicator Thymol
For pH 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 12.0,
distilled water, The following are the colors that
resulted from the acid-base indicator Phenol red
respectively: orange, bright yellow, yellow,
yellow, yellow, yellow, light yellow and
yellowish orange. Phenol red has a pH range of
6.8-8.4 which indicates that in the more acidic
range, the color of the solution must be orange
and in the more basic range the color must be
red. Now based on the experiment, the resulting
acid color was yellow and the resulting basic
color was also yellow.
For pH 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 12.0,
distilled water, The following are the colors that
resulted from the acid-base indicator Methyl red
respectively: pink, purple, pink, pale yellow,
pale yellow, pale red, light yellow and pink.
Methyl red has a pH range of 4.2-6.3 which
indicates that in the more acidic range, the color
of the solution must be red and in the more basic
range the color must be yellow. Now based on
the experiment, the resulting acid color was pink
and the resulting basic color was yellow.
For pH 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 12.0,
distilled water, The following are the colors that
resulted from the acid-base indicator Methyl
orange respectively: red, cherry red, orange,
yellow, orange, red orange, yellow, yellow.
Methyl orange has a pH range of 3.1-4.4 which
indicates that in the more acidic range, the color
of the solution must be red and in the more basic
range the color must be yellow. Now based on
the experiment, the resulting acid color was
cherry red and the resulting basic color was
orange.
For pH 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 12.0,
distilled water, The following are the colors that
resulted from the acid-base indicator
Phenolphthalein respectively: colorless,
colorless, colorless to pink, colorless, colorless,
pale yellow, light yellow, colorless.
Phenolphthalein has a pH range of 8.0-9.8 which
indicates that in the more acidic range, the color
of the solution must be colorless and in the more
basic range the color must be pink. Now based
on the experiment, the resulting acid color was
pale yellow and the resulting basic color was
yellow.
The Colorimetric Determination of pH shows
the resulting colors when a particular acid-base
indicator is added to the buffer solution
prepared. These color changes are said to be
caused by changes in electron confinement
where in the more confinement present the
darker the solution is and the less confinement
present the lighter the solution is.
Conclusion
The Electrometric pH is the most
accurate for determination of Hydrogen ion
concentration and it is used for checking and
standardizing Calorimetric Method. The tool pH
meter was used in this method. It was calibrated
at pH 7 (standard for neutral) by immersing it in
distilled water and drying it. Calibration is a
must to assume the perfect response of the
electrode. For the sample (vinegar), the pH
meter got 2.4 which is very acidic. The groups
desired pH of the buffer is 7.50. At first, it was
acidic but then 6M NaOH was added to get the
desired pH.
On the other hand, the Colorimetric
Determination of pH shows the changes in
colors of each indicator when dipped into
different solution of certain pH. Comparison of
the intensity of the color of the indicator is the
way to determine its concentration Different
indicators means different result and color. It
depends on the reagents nature. The table gives
the sort of colors that each indicator can produce
on a certain pH.
 Overall the group learned the concepts
of buffers, its capacity and preparation and
determination of pHs in different indicators.