SK026 / CHAPTER 2: ELECTROCHEMISTRY / GALVANIC CELL

1. Sketch an electrochemical cell in which the cell reaction is

Mg(s) + 2Ag+1 (aq) Mg+2 (aq) + 2Ag(s)

Indicate on the sketch the following:

a) Label the cathode and anode
b) give the sign of each electrode
c) show the direction in which the electrons flow
d) show how the ions move from the salt bridge (use Na2SO4 as salt)
e) give each electrode reaction; anod: cathode:
f) calculate the cell voltage

3.18

2. For each of following two half reactions, Draw a label the cell diagram, write the
half-reaction equations and calculate the standard cell potential.

Zn (s) | Zn2+ (aq, 1.0M) || Cu2+ Fe(s) + 2Fe3+(aq) 3Fe 2+

(aq)
(aq1.0M) | Cu(s)

anod E0cell = anod E0cell =

cathode cathode

H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) 2H+ (aq)+ 2Cl- (aq) 2Fe3+(aq) + Zn (s) 2Fe 2+
(aq) + Zn2+
(aq)

anod E0cell = anod E0cell =

cathode cathode
SK026 / CHAPTER 2: ELECTROCHEMISTRY / GALVANIC CELL

1.10, 1.21, 1.36, 1.53

3. Given the Voltaic cell, Cu(s)|Cu(ClO4)2(1.0M)||AgClO4(1.0M)|Ag(s)

a) Write the equation for each of the half-cells.

b) Write the overall cell reaction

4. A galvanic cell is constructed using a chromium electrode in a 1.0 M solution of

Cr(NO3)3 and a c opper electrode in a 1.0 M solution of Cu(NO3)2. Both solutions
o
are at 25 C.

(a) Write a balanced equation for the spontaneous reaction that occurs as the
cell operates.

(b) Identify the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent.

i. oxidizing agent : _________________

ii. reducing agent : _________________

(b) A partial diagram of the cell is shown below.

Cr Cu

1.0MCr(NO) 1.0MCu(NO)
3 3
3 3

(i) Which metal is the cathode? : _______________

(ii) What additional component is necessary to make the cell operate? :

_______________

(iii) What function does the component in (ii) serve?

SK026 / CHAPTER 2: ELECTROCHEMISTRY / GALVANIC CELL

(iv) How does the potential of this cell change if the concentration of Cr(NO 3)3 is
changed to 3.0 M at 25C?

5. Write cell notations for the following reactions; ( all solution are 1.0 M and at
standard conditions)

i. Fe(s) + Cu2+(aq) Fe2+(aq) + Cu(s)

ii. 3Sn(s) + Cr2O72-(aq) + 14H+(aq) 3Sn3+(aq) + 2 Cr3+(aq) + 7H2O(l)

iii. Cl2 (g) + Br- (aq) 2Cl- (aq) + Br2 (g)

iv. 2Al (s) + 6H+ (aq) Al3+ (aq) + 3H2(g)

6. Write equation for each of the half-cells and overall balance equation for following cells;

i. Sn (s) | Sn2+ (aq)|| Pb2+ (aq)| Pb (s)

Anode :
Cathode :
Overall :

ii. Al (s) | Al3+(aq) || Cu2+(aq) | Cu (s)

Anode :
Cathode :
Overall :

iii. Pt (s) | Cl- (aq), Cl2 (g)|| NO3-(aq), NO(g) | Pt (s)

Anode :
Cathode :
Overall :

iv. Ag (s) | Ag+(aq) || Sn4+(aq), Sn2+(aq) | Pt (s)

Anode :
Cathode :
Overall :
SK026 / CHAPTER 2: ELECTROCHEMISTRY / GALVANIC CELL

v. Pt (s) | Fe2+ (aq), Fe3+ (aq)|| MnO4-(aq), Mn2+ (aq) | Pt (s)

Anode :
Cathode :
Overall :

7. Consider the following standard reduction potentials.

Cr3+ + 3e- Cr Eo=0.74V

Co2++2eCo Eo=0.28V
MnO4+8H++5eMn2++4H2O Eo=+1.51V

Determine; i. The weakest reducing agent :

ii. The strongest reducing agent :
iii. The strongest oxidizing agent :

8. Under standard conditions at 25C, Zn(s) reacts with Co2+(aq) to produce Co(s).
(i) Write the balanced equation for the oxidation half reaction.

(ii) Write the balanced equation for the overall reaction.

(iii) Calculate the standard potential, Eo, for the overall reaction at 25oC.

9. Use half-reaction potentials to predict whether the following reactions are

spontaneous or nonspontaneous in aqueous solutions. If the reaction is
spontaneous, write a balanced equation and calculate E cell.

a). I2 + Cl- I- + Cl2

b). MnO4- + Br- + H+ Mn2+ + Br2 + H2O

c). I2 + Cr2+ I- + Cr3+

SK026 / CHAPTER 2: ELECTROCHEMISTRY / GALVANIC CELL

d). H2O2 + MnO4 + H+ Mn2+ + H2O + O2

10. The diagrams below shows a Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE)

(a) State one use of the Standard Hydrogen Electrode.

(b) Label part X and Y.

(c) Suggest the electrolyte used in Standard Hydrogen Electrode

(d) What type of reaction will occur at the Standard Hydrogen Electrode when
it is connected to the following system.

a) Sn2+(aq) | Sn (s)

b) Cu2+(aq) | Cu(s)

(e) If the Standard Hydrogen Electrode is connected to the following half cell,

Fe2+ (aq) Fe3+(aq) + e- E0 red= +0.77 V

write the overall equation and the cell notation.

11. The cell diagram of an electrochemical cell is

Ni (s) Ni2+ (1.0 M) H+ (1M) H2 (1.0 atm) Pt (s)

(a) Write an ionic equation for the reaction at the anode and cathode.

(b) Suggest an electrolyte that can be used in the anode compartment.

SK026 / CHAPTER 2: ELECTROCHEMISTRY / GALVANIC CELL

(c) What is the standard electrode potential of the cell above?

(d) If the voltmeter reading of the cell above is 0.10 V, calculate the
concentration of H+ in the cathode compartment.

12. A zinc cell was set up using a zinc electrode immersed in a 1M solution of
ZnSO4. This half-cell was then connected to a hydrogen electrode. The potential of
the cell obtained, measured when the positive terminal of the voltmeter was
connected to a hydrogen electrode, was found to be 0.76V.

i. Draw and label the voltaic cell.

ii. Write half-cell and overall rection
iii. State E Zn2+ for the zinc half-cell.
Zn2+(aq, 1M) + 2e Zn(s)

13. At standard conditions, will chromium(III) ions, Cr3+, oxidize metallic copper to
copper(II) ions, Cu2+, or will Cu2+ oxidize metallic chromium to Cr3+ ions? Write the
cell reaction, and calculate Eo cell for the spontaneous reaction.

14. In an acidic solution at standard conditions, will tin(IV) ions, Sn4+, oxidize
gaseous nitrogen oxide, NO, to nitrate ions, NO3-, or will NO3- oxidize Sn2+ to Sn4+
ions? Write the cell reaction and calculate E0 cell for the spontaneous reaction.
SK026 / CHAPTER 2: ELECTROCHEMISTRY / GALVANIC CELL

15. Consider the following; Sn + 2 Ag+ Sn2+ + 2 Ag

(a) Calculate the standard voltage of a cell involving the system above.
(b) Calculate the voltage at 25oC of a cell involving the system above when
the concentration of
+ 2+
Ag is 0.0010 molar and that of Sn is 0.20 molar.

15. Calculate the cell potential at 25 oC for a cell made of a lead strip and a aluminium
strip, each immersed in:
i. 0.5M solution of aluminium salt and 0.2M solution of lead salt
ii. 0.8M solution of aluminium salt and 0.01M solution of lead salt

EAl3+/Al = -1.66 V EPb2+/Pb = -0.13 V

16. Answerthefollowingquestionsthatrefertothegalvaniccellshowninthediagrambelow.

(a) Identifytheanodeofthecellandwritethehalfreactionthatoccursthere.
(b) Writethenetionicequationfortheoverallreactionthatoccursasthecelloperatesand

calculatethevalueofthestandardcellpotential,Ecell.
SK026 / CHAPTER 2: ELECTROCHEMISTRY / GALVANIC CELL

(c) Indicatehowthevalueof Ecell wouldbeaffectediftheconcentrationofNi(NO3)2(aq) was

changedfrom1.0 M to0.10 M andtheconcentrationofZn(NO3)2(aq) remainedat1.0 M.
Explainyouranswer.

17. Consider the following; M(s) + Cu2+(aq) M2+(aq) + Cu(s)

For the reaction above, cell potential, Ecell = 0.740 volt at 25oC

(a) Determine the standard electrode potential for the reduction half reaction: M 2+(aq)
+ 2e- M(s)
(b) Find the ratio [M2+]aq/[Cu2+]aq when the cell reaction above reaches equilibrium.

18. Calculate the cell potential, Ecell, for the Fe3+/Fe2+ electrode when the
concentration of Fe2+ is exactly five times that of Fe3+

19. A cell is constructed at 25C as follows. One half-cell consists of the Fe 3+/Fe2+
couple in which [Fe3+]= 1.00 M and [Fe2+]= 0.100 M; the other involves the
MnO4-/Mn2+ couple in acidic solution in which
[MnO4-]= 1.00 X 10-2 M, [Mn2+]= 1.00 X 10-4M, and [H+]= 1.00 X 10-3 M.

(a) Find the electrode potential for each half-cell with these concentrations, and
SK026 / CHAPTER 2: ELECTROCHEMISTRY / GALVANIC CELL

(b) calculate the overall cell potential.

SK026 / CHAPTER 2: ELECTROCHEMISTRY / GALVANIC CELL

An electrochemical cell is constructed with an open switch, as shown in the diagram

above.

A strip of Sn and a strip of unknown metal, X are used as electrodes. When the switch
is closed, the mass of the Sn electrode increases. The half-reactions are shown below.
Sn2+ (aq) + 2e Sn(s) Eo = 0.14 V
X3+(aq) + 3e X(s) Eo = ?
(a) In the diagram above, label the electrode that is the cathode. Justify your answer.
(b) In the diagram above, draw an arrow indicating the direction of electron flow in the
external circuit when the switch is closed.
(c) If the standard cell potential Ecell is +0.60 V, what is the standard potential, in
volts for the X3+/X electrode?
(d) Identify metal X.
(e) Write balanced net-ionic equation for the overall chemical reaction occurring in the
cell.
(f) In the cell, the concentration of Sn2+ is changed from 1.0 M to 0.50 M, and the
concentration of X3+ is changed from 1.0 M to 0.10 M.
(i) Substitute all appropriate values for determining the cell potential, Ecell, into
the Nernst equation. (Do not do any calculations.)
(ii) On the basis of your response in (f) (i), will the cell potential be greater than,
less than, or equal to Ecell? Justify your answer.
SK026 / CHAPTER 2: ELECTROCHEMISTRY / GALVANIC CELL

Answer:
(a) tinelectrodeisthecathode;cathodeisthesiteofreduction(gaininelectrons)andwillconvertmetal
ionsintoametal.

electron flow

cathode

(b) (seediagram)
(c) red: Sn2+(aq)+2eSn(s) E=0.14V
oxid: X(s)3eX3+(aq) E=+0.74V
Ecell=+0.60V
red: X3+(aq)+3eX(s) E=0.74V
(d) Cr
(e) 3Sn2++2Cr3Sn+2Cr3+
(f) (i)Ecell=0.60log()
(ii)greater;
SK026 / CHAPTER 2: ELECTROCHEMISTRY / GALVANIC CELL

4 (a) How long will it take to deposit 5.00 g of Cd from a Cd2+ solution using a current of 10.0A?
[7 marks]

(b) How are active electrodes involved in copper plating? [3 marks]

3 The diagrams below shows a Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE)

SK026 / CHAPTER 2: ELECTROCHEMISTRY / GALVANIC CELL

(a) State one use of the Standard Hydrogen Electrode.

(b) Label part X and Y.
(c) Suggest the electrolyte used in Standard Hydrogen Electrode
(d) What type of reaction will occur at the Standard Hydrogen Electrode when it is connected to
the following system.
a) Sn2+(aq) | Sn (s)
b) Cu2+(aq) | Cu(s)
(e) If the Standard Hydrogen Electrode is connected to the following half cell,
Fe2+ (aq) Fe3+(aq) + e- E0 red= +0.77 V
write the overall equation and the cell notation.

4 The diagram shows one of the cell in electrochemical cell.

(a) Write all the possible equation at cathode and anode.

(b) Determine product that were produced at cathode and anode.

(c) If 0.50A current is supply for 5 hours, calculate the Faradays constant.

[10 marks]
SK026 / CHAPTER 2: ELECTROCHEMISTRY / GALVANIC CELL

3 The cell diagram of an electrochemical cell is

Ni (s) Ni2+ (1.0 M) H+ (1M) H2 (1.0 atm) Pt (s)

(a) Write an ionic equation for the reaction at the anode and cathode.
(b) Suggest an electrolyte that can be used in the anode compartment.
(c) What is the standard electrode potential of the cell above?
(d) If the voltmeter reading of the cell above is 0.10 V, calculate the concentration of H+ in the
cathode compartment.
[10 marks]

4 (a) State a factor that affects the electrolysis products at electrodes.

(b ) An aqueous solution of gallium salt is electrolysed by passing an electric current of 2.5A for
3 hours. The mass of gallium deposited at the cathode is 6.53g. Determine the charge of the
gallium ion in the salt.
[10 marks]

3 (a) State the first law of Faraday.

(b) An aqueous solution of copper (ll) sulphate is electrolysed using a current of 0.150A for 5
hours. Calculate the mass of copper deposited at the cathode.

[10 marks]

4 (a) A zinc cell was set up using a zinc electrode immersed in a 1M solution of ZnSO4. This
half-cell was then connected to a hydrogen electrode. The potential of the cell obtained,
measured when the positive terminal of the voltmeter was connected to a hydrogen electrode,
was found to be 0.76V.

i. Draw and label the voltaic cell.

ii. State which substance is reduced.
iii. State E Zn2+ for the zinc half-cell.
Zn2+(aq, 1M) + 2e Zn(s)
SK026 / CHAPTER 2: ELECTROCHEMISTRY / GALVANIC CELL

(b) Explain the term Standard Reduction Potential of hydrogen electrode and Standard
Reduction Potential of electrodes.

[10 marks]

3 (a) Outline the differences between an electrochemical cell and electrolytic cell.

[2 marks]

(b) An electrochemical cell is constructed by combining the following two half cell.

Fe3+ + e Fe2+ E = +0.77V

Ag+ + e Ag E = +0.80V

i. indicate the direction of flow of electrons in the external circuit

ii. write an equation for the overall cell rection
iii. Calculate the e.m.f of the cell under standard conditions
[3 marks]

(c) Consider the following electrochemical cell:

Zn(s) Zn2+ (aq) Cu2+ (aq) Cu (s)

i. Name the anode and cathode of the cell

ii. Explain why the anode of the cell is the negative terminal
iii. Explain how e.m.f of the cell depends on the relative concentrations of the
Cu2+ (aq) and Zn2+ (aq) ions. [5 marks]

4 Aqueous sodium sulphate is electrolysed using platinum electrodes. The volumes of

the gas collected at the cathode and anode are in the ratio 2:1.

(a) Draw a diagram of the electrolysis cell

SK026 / CHAPTER 2: ELECTROCHEMISTRY / GALVANIC CELL

(b) Write the balanced equation for the reactions taking place at the anode and
cathode
(c) Explain why the two volume are in the ratio 2:1
(d) What are the acidity of the solutions surrounding the cathode and anode?
Explain your answer
(e) When a current flows through the electrolysis cell for 30 minutes, 35.6cm 3 of gas
is collected at the cathode? Calculate the magnitude of the current.
[10 marks]