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Evolution Review Chapter 22 Artificial Selection

When humans select certain organisms to mate that
have traits they want the offspring to inherit

Artificial Selection relies on 4 main ideas:

Variation
Inheritance
Selection
Time

Variation Inheritance
The differences that exist among individuals in a Genetic traits are inherited from parents and are
species passed onto offspring

Remember this? A species is a group of

organisms that can interbreed and
produce fertile offspring in nature

Selection Time
Individuals with favorable traits are bred together in Getting the desired traits does not usually happen in
the hopes those traits will be passed on to the next one generation
generation
Many generations must be bred selectively to see
change in the species

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Natural Selection
Natural Selection
A mechanism for change in populations Natural Selection relies on the same 4 main ideas as
Remember this? A Population is a group
of organisms of same species in same Artificial Selection:
area at same time Variation
Occurs when organisms with favored traits survive to Inheritance
reproduce and pass on their genetics to the next generation Selection
Time
A trait may be favored due to better survival or
reproduction when living with a particular part of the
environment
Ex:

Natural Selection
Variation (same as before)
Natural Selection
Inheritance (same as before) What does this look like out in the wild?
Video:
Selection: Organisms with traits that are favorable to Natural Selection of the Pocket Mouse
their survival and reproduction are more likely to pass on Natural Selection & Sexual Selection: An Illustrated
Introduction
their genes to the next generation.

Time: Change can happen in a few generations, but

major change, such as speciation, often takes many
thousands of generations.

The development of a new

species

Adaptation Structural Adaptation

Any physical structure, behavior, or internal process The physical features of an organism that help the
that allows an organism to survive or reproduce organism survive or reproduce
Ex:
Thorns on a rose

Thick fur of a polar bear

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Behavioral Adaptation Physiological Adaptation

Action or mannerism done by an organism to survive Relating to an organisms internal chemical processes
Examples: Examples:
Hibernation digestive enzymes in the stomach that breaks down food
Living in a pack or herd Sweat

Natural selection is the selection of traits that

Sexual Selection
increase survival or reproduction of a population Traits that are selected are favorable for reproduction
Or really, in order to survive TO reproduce but often reduce survival
So, why are there traits such as.
Do these look like they help in surviving?
May reduce survival, but what does it do for fitness?
Raises it!

Types of Sexual Selection Types of Sexual Selection

male-male competition: winner gets Female Choice: traits that make males more
female attractive to females are favored
Traits that help male win are favored

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Evidence for Evolution: Molecular

Lines of Evidence Supporting record
Evolution
1. Direct Observation
Seeing evolution now Comparison of DNA, RNA, proteins and amino acids
2. Molecular record More similarities = more recent common ancestor
comparing protein & DNA sequences
3. Anatomical record
comparing body structures
homology & vestigial structures
embryology & development
4. Fossil record
shows change over time
5. Biogeography

Evidence for Evolution: Anatomical Evidence for Evolution: Anatomical

Record Record
Studies show similarities in Homologous Structures = same
embryo development in shape but different functions
closely related species Indicates a common ancestor that exhibited similar
traits

Comparing anatomy can

tell between closely related
and more distantly related
species

Evidence for Evolution: Anatomical Evidence for Evolution: Anatomical

Record Record
Vestigial organs
Analogous Structures = different = organs that are
shape but used for same thing still present but are
Doesnt indicate close ancestor no longer useful
Ex: Bird wings and insect wings Hind leg bones on
whale fossils

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Evidence for Evolution: Fossils
Layers of rock contain fossils
Fossils are an impression or the remains of an
organism that lived long ago, preserved in rock
Transitional Fossils
Evidence for Evolution:
Biogeography
Biogeography: Geographical distribution of species
Species geographically closer together are more related
even though they do not share the same habitat than
those who are further apart, but yet have the same
habitat
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Evidence for Evolution: Fossils
Fossil help establish the time periods when certain
species existed
Transitional Fossils show the intermediate states
between an ancestral form and that of its descendants
Fossils that show intermediate traits between the two
Transitional Fossils
Friday, April 28th, 2017
Finish Chapter 22 notes and short video
Start chapter 23 study guide
Chapter 22 quiz due Monday 11:59
Chapter 23 quiz due Sunday night 11:59
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Descent with Modification

Stated Clearly: Lines of Evidence for Evolution
Theme:
Evolutionary change is based on the interactions
between populations & their environment which
results in adaptations (inherited characteristics)
to increase fitness

Evolution = change over time in the genetic

composition of a population

Key Ideas of Natural Selection:

Overproduction of offspring leads to competition for
resources
Competition for limited resources results in differential
survival.
Evolutionary Fitness: Individuals with more favorable
phenotypes more likely to survive and produce more
offspring, and pass traits to future generations
If environment changes or individuals move to new
environment, new adaptations and new species may arise.
Populations evolve, not individuals.