Sunteți pe pagina 1din 2

Population Evolution (23.1-23.

2): Review Sheet


23.1
Genetic Variation
Discrete Variation
Traits with a single gene locus; Either-or basis
Mendels pea plants had either a purple or white
flower color
Quantitative Variation
Traits influenced by 2 or more genes
Most heritable variation
Geographic Variation
Genetic differences between populations
Mutation
New alleles originate from mutations
Most mutations are either harmful or have no effect
Few are beneficial
Sexual Reproduction
Most of the genetic differences among individuals result from:
crossing over, independent assortment of chromosomes, and
fertilization

23.2
Gene Pools and Allele Frequencies
Population is a localized group of organisms belonging to one species
Populations are united by a gene pool
The aggregate of all the alleles in the population
An allele is fixed when only one allele exists for a
particular locus in a population
The Hardy Weinberg Principle
Allele and genotype frequencies of a population will remain constant if:
the population is large, mating is random, mutation is negligible,
there is no gene flow, and there is no natural selection
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
Population Evolution (23.1-23.2): Key Terms
23.1
Microevolution: change in the allele frequencies in a population over generations
Discrete Characters: traits decided by single gene locus with different alleles making distinct
phenotypes; Ex: flowers either purple or white
Quantitative Characters: traits that are a result of influence of 2 or more genes on single
phenotypic character; Ex: height or weight
Average Heterozygosity: the average percent of loci that are heterozygous
Geographic Variation: differences in the genetic composition of separate populations
Cline: a change in a character on a gradient along a geographic axis
Mutation: a change in the nucleotide sequence of an organisms DNA
Point Mutation: a change in a single base in a gene

23.2
Population: a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and
interbreed to create fertile offspring
Gene Pool: all the alleles for all the loci in all individuals of a population
Hardy- Weinberg Principle: principle that frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population
remain constant from generation to generation
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium: condition describing a non-evolving population (in a a genetic
equilibrium)

S-ar putea să vă placă și