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Annotated Bibliography
What can we do to stop children from experiencing child sexual abuse in the United
States?
1. Bolen, R. (2003). Child Sexual Abuse: Prevention or Promotion? Social Work, 48(2),
174-185. Retrieved from http://0www.jstor.org.lib.utep.edu/stable/23720842
In this article, Rebecca Bolen expresses her belief that prevention programs do not typically
help reduce child sexual abuse from happening. She shows that studies have shown that this
is not the case. Bolen says that these prevention programs shouldnt be for the children who
experience child abuse, but to those adults who do the abusing. Child sexual abusers should
get more mental help so that they never harm any other children again. Studies mentioned in
this article also show that prevention programs havent helped in the past years, so what
makes us believe that they will help prevent child abuse in the future? I chose this article
because it is so broad on details to child sexual abuse and prevention programs. It gives the
reader a sign of hope that child abuse can be stopped, but using different ways, other than
these prevention programs.

2. Chasan-Taber, L., & Tabachnick, J. (1999). Evaluation of a Child Sexual Abuse


Prevention Program. Sexual Abuse, 11(4), 279-292.
The authors in this article use statistics to show just how much and how often children are
abused sexually. They said that half a million children are abused each year- this is in the
United States only! People try to stop offenders by punishing them and by helping/guiding
victims and their families, but does this really prevent abusers from harming any more
children? Prevention programs are a common way for people to seek help. This article
discusses more broad and bigger ideas and ways to help prevent child abuse. These ideas
include interventions that mainly target adults, communications strategies that help
specialists talk to victims and allows them to recognize abusers, and a systems changed
strategy that is supposed to educate decision-makers and leaders. This article discusses all the
successes that interventions have. The article explains the pros and cons of prevention
programs and how they help victims get past their experiences, or how to avoid them and that
is why this article relates to my topic and research question.

3. Daro, D. (1994). Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse. The Future of Children, 4(2),
198 -223. doi:10.2307/1602531
This journal tells us that there are social groups that will help any children that are sexually
and mentally abused. The journal also states that there are some cases in which children learn
from their experience and their experiences help them move forward and help other children
in the same cases overcome their fear. Children are typically abused between the ages of 7
through 12. Children who experience child abuse conclude that prevention of child abuse is
an essential priority. Child sexual abuse can be done in three levels: primary prevention,
secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention, which are all explained in the text.
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4. Deblinger, E., Mannarino, A., & Cohen, J. (2015). Child Sexual Abuse: A Primer for
Treating Children, Adolescents, and Their Nonoffending Parents (2nd ed.). New York,
NY: Oxford University Press.
The authors of this book had some knowledge of child sexual abuse and it led them to come
up with ways to help prevent sexual abuse on children from happening. They tried different
methods and tested different ideas to figure out which one would be most helpful in the
prevention. Many tests were done and finally discovered that a trauma-focused cognitive
behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) was most helpful. This therapy focused on helping children
overcome their fears of sexual abuse and this test has been tested worldwide and the result
mostly seem to come out positive (meaning that this therapy does help children). This
therapy is different from other intervention programs because this one mostly focuses on
curing traumatic events. TF-CBT has been noticed to be most helpful because it focuses on
both internalizing and externalizing problems. This book is a good citation for my research
question because it gives different ways that help avoid child sexual abuse from happening,
and if it does occur it gives us different types of therapies that could help children move past
their traumatic experiences.

5. Renk, K., Liljequist, L., Steinberg, A., Bosco, G., & Phares, V. (2002). Prevention of
Child Sexual Abuse: Are we Doing Enough? Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 3(1), 68-84.
In the year 2000, the US Department of Health and Human Services noted that 12% of
children in the United States experience sexual abuse. Studies show that children who are
sexually abused get a pathological character and they are never the same anymore. This
article states that the most effective way of prevention of child sexual abuse are prevention
programs. Prevention programs can be used in three different types of stages: primary,
secondary, and tertiary. This article also states that the prevention also comes from when a
child knows how to protect themselves from sexual abuse. Overall, there is still not enough
work being done to fully prevent child sexual abuse from taking place. There is still a lot of
work that needs to be done to stop abusers from abusing innocent children. I chose this
article because it clearly states how helpful prevention programs are and how important it is
to educate children on protecting themselves from sexual abuse so that they never have to
experience it in their lives.

6. Smallbone, S., Marshall, W.L., Wortley, R. (2008). Preventing Child Sexual Abuse:
evidence, policy, and practice. Portland, Or: Willan Publishing.
The authors of this book made a very interesting and realistic point. The point they mad was
that there really isnt anything that can definitely prevent abusers from abusing children.
Prevention programs were made to help children, not before, but after they have experienced
sexual abuse. They also state that theyve noticed that very little work has been done to try to
prevent it from happening, sure, offenders get punishment for abusing children, but what if
that doesnt stop them from doing it again? They already hurt some children so theyre more
than likely to do it again. This book helps people gain better knowledge to help make a more
effective public policy approach to prevent child sexual abuse. This book relates to my topic
because it has a clear answer as to what we can possibly do to help prevent child sexual
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abuse. Reading this book gives us a better understanding as to what to do and how to help
prevent child abuse from happening.

7. Whatley, M., & Trudell, B. (1988). THE ROLE OF THE FAMILY IN CHILD
SEXUAL ABUSE PREVENTION PROGRAMS. The Journal of Education, 170(1),
95-106. Retrieved from http://0-www.jstor.org.lib.utep.edu/stable/42741805
Recognizing the seriousness of the problems of child sexual abuse, a great variety of school-
based prevention programs have been created. Marianme Whatley and Bonnie Trudell state
that the role of the family is greatly needed to help prevent children from experiencing child
sexual abuse- although, in some cases, the involvement of the family sometimes increases the
chances of child abuse happening. Parents are usually the ones whom children seek help
from in these cases. This journal says that the family should have a special and respectful
bond towards each other to prevent child abuse from happening. I thought this journal was a
good one for my topic because it gives me ideas on how child abuse can be prevented in
families and in the world.

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