STATISTICS

SAP 1223

Sir AZRUL FAZWAN BIN KHARUDDIN

Section 1

Statistics on

Travelling COST
[UIA to Hometown]
Assignment 1
6 MARCH 2015

MOHAMAD FIKIRI BIN AZMAN Bsc.H.APS 1415547

 QUESTION 1

a) Frequency distribution table of Traveling Cost Spent from UIA to

their hometown exclude refreshment for male and female students.

i. Traveling Cost Spend from UIA to their hometown exclude

refreshment for male students.

K= 1+3.3 log Class width=

(n) Range/K
K= 1+3.3 log Class width= (70-
(40) 8)/6
K= 6.29 Class width= 10.33
K 6 Class width 10

Cumulati
Class Frequenc Cumulati Class ve Midpoi (f)(x) (x2) (f)(x2)
Interval y (f) ve Boundary Relative nt (x)
(RM) Frequenc Frequenc
y y (%)
1 - 10 1 1 0.5 10.5 2.5 5.5 5.5 30.25 30.25
11 - 20 5 6 10.5 15.0 15.5 77.5 1201.2
20.5 240.25 5
21 - 30 7 13 20.5 32.5 25.5 178.5 4551.7
30.5 650.25 5
31 - 40 8 21 30.5 52.5 35.5 284.0 1260.2 10082.
40.5 5 00
41 - 50 6 27 40.5 67.5 45.5 273.0 2070.2 12421.
50.5 5 50
51 - 60 9 36 50.5 90.0 55.5 499.5 3080.2 27722.
60.5 5 25
61 - 70 4 40 60.5 100.0 65.5 262.0 4290.2 17161.
70.5 5 00
Total 40 fx = (x2) = f(x2)
1580.0 11621. =
75 73170.
 00
Table 1
 ii. Traveling Cost Spend from UIA to their hometown exclude
refreshment for female students.

K= 1+3.3 log Class width=

(n) Range/K
K= 1+3.3 log Class width= (90-
(77) 0)/7
K= 7.23 Class width= 12.86
K 7 Class width 12

Cumulati
Class Frequenc Cumulati Class ve Midpoin (f)(x) (x2) (f)(x2)
Interval y (f) ve Boundary Relative t (x)
(RM) Frequenc Frequenc
y y (%)
1 - 12 5 5 0.5 12.5 6.49 6.5 32.5 42.25 211.25
13 - 24 15 20 12.5 25.97 18.5
24.5 277.5 342.25 5133.75
25 - 36 25 45 24.5 58.44 30.5 23256.2
36.5 762.5 930.25 5
37 - 48 7 52 36.5 67.53 42.5 1806.2 12643.7
48.5 297.5 5 5
49 - 60 13 65 48.5 84.42 54.5 2970.2 38613.2
60.5 708.5 5 5
61 - 72 6 71 60.5 92.21 66.5 4422.2 26533.5
72.5 399.0 5 0
73 - 84 3 74 72.5 96.10 78.5 6162.2 18486.7
84.5 235.5 5 5
85 - 96 3 77 84.5 100.00 90.5 8190.2 24570.7
96.5 271.5 5 5
Total 77 fx = (x2) = f(x2) =
2984. 24866. 149449.
5 00 30
Table 2
 b) Histogram for the distributions

i. Traveling Cost Spend from UIA to their hometown exclude

refreshment for male students.

Class Interval Class Boundary Midpoint (x) Frequency (f)

(RM)
1 - 10 0.5 10.5 5.5 1
11 - 20 10.5 20.5 15.5 5
21 - 30 20.5 30.5 25.5 7
31 - 40 30.5 40.5 35.5 8
41 - 50 40.5 50.5 45.5 6
51 - 60 50.5 60.5 55.5 9
61 - 70 60.5 70.5 65.5 4

Histogram of Male Students' Travelling Cost

10
9
8
7
6
5
Frequency (f)
4
3
2
1
0
1 - 10 11 - 20 21 - 30 31 - 40 41 - 50 51 - 60 61 - 70

Class (RM)

Figure 1

Figure 1 shows there is a concentration of observations lie at the

upper end of the distribution, the distribution said to be negatively skewed
(skewed to the left). According to the above histogram, it shows us the highest number
of male students spent their money exclude refreshment for travelling to their hometown from
UIA are 9 and they spent their money around RM 51.00 RM 60.00 on tickets, oil and/or
tolls. This data shows us the 9 students hometowns are far away from their study place (UIA)
and spent more money when go back for break. They might be consider living at north or
south of Malaysia if distance which cause the spent of money.

The lowest number of frequency is 1 which is money spent around RM 1.00 RM 10.00 on
tickets, oil and/or tolls. The student might be living nearer to the study place (UIA) and need
not big expenditure for travelling home to often go back home.
 ii. Traveling Cost Spend from UIA to their hometown exclude
refreshment for female students.

Class Interval Class Boundary Midpoint (x) Frequency (f)

(RM)
1 - 12 0.5 12.5 6.5 5
13 - 24 12.5 24.5 18.5 15
25 - 36 24.5 36.5 30.5 25
37 - 48 36.5 48.5 42.5 7
49 - 60 48.5 60.5 54.5 13
61 - 72 60.5 72.5 66.5 6
73 - 84 72.5 84.5 78.5 3
85 - 96 84.5 96.5 90.5 3

Histogram of Female Students' Travelling Cost

30

25

20

15
Frequency (f)
10

0
1 - 12 13 - 24 25 - 36 37 - 48 49 - 60 61 - 72 73 - 84 85 - 96

Class (RM)

Figure 2

Figure 2 shows there is a concentration of observations lie at the

lower end of the distribution, the distribution said to be positively skewed
(skewed to the right). According to the above histogram, it shows us the highest number
of female students spent their money exclude refreshment for travelling to their hometown
from UIA are 25 and they spent their money around RM 25.00 RM 36.00 on tickets, oil
and/or tolls. This data shows us the 25 students hometowns are average distance to their
study place (UIA) and spent considerable amount of when go back for break. This might be
reason in term of distance, the students living in the same state or just by crossing one state to
arrive to their hometown.

The lowest number of frequency is 3 which are involving two classes of money spent around
RM 73.00 RM 84.00 and RM 85.00 RM 96.00 on tickets, oil and/or tolls. The student
might be living far away from the study place (UIA) and need big expenditure for travelling
home to go back home. The students possibly will go back by flight or in terms of distance
them living in rural/villages area where lack of transportation where the demand make the
tickets price high.
 c) Cumulative frequency polygon for the distributions, estimate the
median from graph in (b).

i. Traveling Cost Spend from UIA to their hometown exclude

refreshment for male students.

Class Interval Class Upper Cumulative Frequency

(RM) Boundary Boundary Frequency (f)
1 - 10 0.5 10.5 10.5 1 1
11 - 20 10.5 20.5 20.5 6 5
21 - 30 20.5 30.5 30.5 13 7
31 - 40 30.5 40.5 40.5 21 8
41 - 50 40.5 50.5 50.5 27 6
51 - 60 50.5 60.5 60.5 36 9
61 - 70 60.5 70.5 70.5 40 4

Cumulative Frequancy Polygon for Male Students' Travelling Cost

45
40
35
30
25
Cumulative Frequency 20
15
10
5
0
10.5 20.5 30.5 40.5 50.5 60.5 70.5

Upper Boundary

Figure 3
The estimation of median class based on figure 1

n+1
Median Class: Cmsample = 2

40+1
= 2

= 20.5 (31 40)

[ ]
n
Cf b
Median: 2
Lm +
fm

= 30.5 + [ 2013
8 ] (10)

= 39.25
ii. Traveling Cost Spend from UIA to their hometown exclude
refreshment for female students.

Class Interval Class Upper Cumulative Frequency

(RM) Boundary Boundary Frequency (f)
1 - 12 0.5 12.5 12.5 5 5
13 - 24 12.5 24.5 24.5 20 15
25 - 36 24.5 36.5 36.5 45 25
37 - 48 36.5 48.5 48.5 52 7
49 - 60 48.5 60.5 60.5 65 13
61 - 72 60.5 72.5 72.5 71 6
73 - 84 72.5 84.5 84.5 74 3
85 - 96 84.5 96.5 96.5 77 3

Cumulative Frequency Polygon for Female Students' Travelling Cost

90
80
70
60
50
Cumulative Frequency 40
30
20
10
0
12.5 24.5 36.5 48.5 60.5 72.5 84.5 96.5

Upper Boundary

Figure 4
The estimation of median class based on figure 2

n+1
Median Class: Cmsample = 2

77+ 1
= 2

= 39.0 (25 36)

[ ]
n
Cf b
Median: 2
Lm +
fm

= 24.5 + [ 38.520
25 ] (12)

= 33.38
 QUESTION 2

a) CALCULATIONS

i. Traveling Cost Spend from UIA to their hometown exclude

refreshment for male students.

fx 1580.0
Mean = f = 40 = 39.5

n+1
Median Class = Cmsample = 2

40+1
= 2

= 20.5 (31 40)

[ ]
n
Cf b
Median = 2
Lm +
fm

= 30.5 + [ 2013
8 ] (10)

= 39.25

Mode = Lm + [ ]
a
a+ b

= 50.5 + [ 96
( 96 ) +(94) ] (10)

= 54.25
( fx )2
2
f x
Variance, s2 = f
f 1

(1580 )2
73170
= 40
401

= 268
Standard Deviation, s = 268

= 16.37
 ii. Traveling Cost Spend from UIA to their hometown exclude
refreshment for female students.

fx 2984.5
Mean = f = 77 = 38.76

n+1
Median Class = Cmsample = 2

77+ 1
= 2

= 39.0 (25 36)

[ ]
n
Cf b
Median = 2
Lm +
fm

= 24.5 + [ 38.520
25 ] (12)

= 33.38

Mode = Lm + [ ]
a
a+ b

= 24.5 + [ 2515
( 2515 ) +(257) ] (12)

= 28.79
( fx )2
f x 2
Variance, s2 = f
f 1

(2984.5 )2
149449.3
= 77
771

= 437.58

Standard Deviation, s = 437.58

= 20.92
 b) The value and comment of Pearson's Coefficient of Skewness (PCS)
for each distribution.

i. Traveling Cost Spend from UIA to their hometown exclude

refreshment for male students.

( MeanMode ) x x^
PCS, = Standard Deviation = s

(39.554.25)
= 16.37

= -0.90

The distribution skewed to the left, which is negatively

skewed.

ii. Traveling Cost Spend from UIA to their hometown exclude

refreshment for female students.

( MeanMode ) x x^
PCS, = Standard Deviation = s

(38.7628.79)
= 20.92

= 0.48

The distribution skewed to the right, which is positively

skewed.