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Compendium

DE

Dairy Extension 44th DAIRY INDUSTRY CONFERENCE

& Economics
Page : 166-178

ICAR-NDRI, Karnal | February 18-20, 2016


Dairy Extension & Economics
Compendium Compendium Dairy Extension & Economics

DE-01 and fodder, inadequate feeds and fodder, low price size of landholding adversely affected (significant milk for buffalo, number of cattle slaughtered for
of milk, high milk price fluctuation, etc. found to at 10 percent) participation meaning that farmers meat production and production of cattle and pig
Economics of Milk Production under Different influence the returns from dairy based farming with larger family size and also those with smaller meat for which the NER showed a better growth
Dairy Based Farming Systems in Mizoram systems in the study area. landholding were more likely to participate in rate in comparison to all India level. It is suggested
Lalrinsangpuii*, R. Malhotra & Laishram Priscilla Key Words: Farming systems, milk production, DCS. Farmers with larger landholding were found that providing government and extension facilities
ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana employment, constraints, Mizoram to mainly take up crop cultivation as their main to the NER in terms of improved breeds, scientific
*mapuii_bh@yahoo.com
occupation and therefore have lower participation management practices, feed and fodder availability
in DCS. etc. can lead to better growth of the livestock
Dairy plays an important role in the mixed farming DE-02
Key Words: Manipur, Dairy Cooperative Societies, sector. As the region showed favourable trend in
system in Mizoram as the demand for milk has been Determinants of Participation of Dairy Farmers Determinants, Logistic Regression meat production, this is a potential area that can
increasing in the state. The study was conducted on
180 sample dairy farmers in the three districts e.g.
in Dairy Cooperative Societies in Manipur be exploited in a sustainable manner and even
revenue can be earned from meat exports.
Aizawl, Kolasib and Champhai of Mizoram during State DE-03
Key Words: North East Region, Livestock Sector,
2014-15 to analyse the cost and returns as well Priscilla L.*, Bulbul Nagrale, A.K. Chauhan & Anoop M. Computation of Compound Growth Rates in Compound Annual Growth Rate
as constraints faced by the dairy farmers under ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana
different dairy based farming systems. Eleven * lp.ndri@gmail.com Livestock Sector in the North East Region of
dairy based farming systems has been identified India DE-04
in the state, among which 17.78 per cent farmers The success of Operation Flood programme and
AMUL paved the way for cooperative movement
Priscilla L.1*, A.K. Chauhan1, Lalrinsangpuii1, R.K. Singh2 & A Comparative Analysis of Marketing Pattern
were following Dairy+Crop+Piggery farming Bulbul Nagrale1
systems. The average net maintenance cost per and gave a momentum for dairy development in 1
ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana; 2 ICAR of Milk by Members and Non members of
SAU per day and per litre cost of milk production almost all the states of the country. But in Manipur, Research Complex, Manipur Centre, Imphal, Manipur
* lp.ndri@gmail.com
Dairy Cooperative Societies in Kumaon Region
the dairy sector is far from realizing its potential.
was highest for Dairy farming system (206.28 and of Uttarakhand
The total milk production of the state was 80
25.61).Component wise analysis of maintenance
thousand tonnes during the year 2012-13 which Agriculture is the prime source of livelihood Ankur Saxena1* & Ashutosh Singh2
costs indicated that the share of variable costs for majority of the population in the North East
1
Post Doctoral Fellow, 2 Professor at College of Agribusiness
was highest in Dairy+Poultry farming system i.e., was one of the lowest in the country. The per capita Management, G.B. Pant; 2University of agriculture and
availability of milk was 80 g/day during 2010-11 Region (NER) and is characterized by subsistence, Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand
96.69 per cent of gross cost while it was lowest low input-low output and technologically lagged
in Dairy+Crop+Piggery+Fishery farming system. which is far behind the national average of 281 g/ *drankurcabm@gmail.com
day. Even so, the state has an encouraging number mixed farming system. Livestock sector can play
Within the different components of variable costs,
feed and fodder costs accounted for the highest of Dairy Cooperative Societies (DCS) compared a good role not only in the issues of food and The present study was carried out in U.S. Nagar
DE to the other North East states. The present study nutritional security in the region but will also be and Almora districts to ascertain the milk marketing DE
share of gross costs for all the farming systems. Milk helpful in income and employment generation.
was conducted in Manipur state to study the pattern, factor influencing cooperative membership
productivity was highest for Dairy+Crop+Poultry Keeping in view the importance of this sector, the
determinants of dairy farmers participation in and proportion of milk output sold. Logit model
farming system and for the overall farming systems present study gives the status and performance
DCS. Four districts, viz., Imphal East and Thoubal, was employed to identify the significant factors
it was 7.17 litre. The per litre cost of milk production of this sector in the NER. The secondary data for
Senapati and Churachandpur were selected influencing cooperative membership, while
varies from 25.61 in Dairy farming system to the last fifteen years (1998-99 to 2012-13) on
purposively from the state. A sample of 240 milk multivariate linear regression equation was fitted
16.32 in Dairy+Crop+Piggery+Fishery farming production and per capita availability of milk and to identify the factors influencing proportion of
44th DAIRY INDUSTRY CONFERENCE

44th DAIRY INDUSTRY CONFERENCE


system. The overall gross income was highest producing households was drawn (120 members
of cooperatives and 120 non-members) from eggs, number and average milk yield per animal in output sold by farmers. The findings of the study
for Dairy farming system i.e., 386.07 and was milk of crossbred cows, local cows and buffaloes,
the study area. The primary data was collected revealed that in the region having cooperative
lowest for Dairy+Crop+Piggery+Fishery farming number of animals slaughtered and meat
on various variables and analysed using Logistic network, DCS was the pre dominate marketing
system (`90.33/day). The result also showed that production of cattle, buffalo and pig were taken
regression technique. The results of the regression agency in both hills and plains as it was patronized
Dairy+Crop+Poultry farming system employed from various issues of Basic Animal Husbandry
showed that average annual milk production, years by the highest proportion of dairy farmers across
highest family labour probably due to higher Statistics, published by Department of Animal
of farming experience and distance to market all hard size categories. In the region outside
expenditures incurred by the farmers towards Husbandry and Dairying, Ministry of Agriculture,
were the important variables (significant at 1 the milk route of dairy cooperative network,
hired labour charges and higher investment Government of India and the Compound Annual
percent) favourably influencing a dairy farmers middlemen were the predominant agency in the
made in dairying which entailed higher imputed Growth Rates (CAGR) were computed to examine
participation in DCS. This implies that farmers plains while in the hills, milk producer sold to
value of interest on fixed capital. Dairy+Poultry the trends in these variables. It was found that
having higher average annual milk production and village consumer. Distance to market and non-
farming system provided the highest overall net the growth of livestock sector has been lower in
more experience in dairy farming are more likely farm income significantly influenced cooperative
income (`4.25) and employment (400 man days / NER compared to the national level. For almost all
to participate in DCS. Also, greater the distance to membership in the both hill and plains. While
year). Computation of different income measures the indicators, the CAGR was found lesser in NER
market, higher the transaction costs for the farmers the affect was positive in both the region for the
revealed that dairying is more profitable for those compared to the national level figure. Exception
which makes them favour participation in DCS former variable, in the case of later, the affect was
who rear crossbred cows as compared to the was found in case of average yield per animal in
located in their villages. Number of dependents and negative in the hills and positive in the plains. While
farmers who have local cows. High cost of feed

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Compendium Compendium Dairy Extension & Economics

landholding had positive influence on cooperative ` 1, 00,000 per heifer and the owner was able to size categories with a view to study their cost and middleman, too much price negotiation, buyers
membership in the plains, it mostly had negative sell around 20-25 heifers in a year. While arriving returns structure.It was observed from the study ask for history (record) of animal, lack of market
influence on intensity of market participation in at the overall profitability of the dairy farm, it was that dairy farming has not remained a profitable and lack of labours were the major problems faced
both hills and plains. Milk production significantly observed that total gross cost on the dairy farm, enterprise at small scale as per litre cost of milk by the sellers. Among the buyers constraints, high
and positively influenced marketed surplus more which included operating cost and capital cost, production is higher at these farms. For making it transport cost was the major constraint followed
for member group than non-member group in the was around ` 1,13,39,824; while opportunity cost profitable, the size of the farm should be increased by too much government formality, high market
both regions, implying that member farmers are was worked out to be around ` 1,80,132. Returns to the minimum level of seven milch animals. It was price of the animal, harassment at check points,
more favourably placed to increase their intensity from the sale of milk was a major source of income further observed from the study that during last lack of market, no guarantee of the performance of
of market participation with increase in scale of on the dairy farm, generating ` 1,17,89,515 couple of years, the cost of milk production has the animal and exploitation by middlemen
production. Price received for milk exerted negative per annum, whereas the sale of animals on the increased fast as compared to milk procurement Key Words: Constraints, Garretts Ranking Technique,
influence on proportion of output sold, implying farm generated a total revenue of ` 16,79,000 prices, thus squeezing the profit margins among un-remunerative margin
that households in the plains which received lower and returns from the sale of dung were around all category dairy farms.To make dairy farming a
price for milk sold a greater proportion of milk ` 1,97,766. The Dairy Farm was therefore found to viable enterprise, the farmers should make efforts
DE-08
produced so as to compensate for lower price be a financially viable entity, earning a total farm to cut down the per litre cost of milk production
with higher volume and thus get higher returns. In income or economic margin of ` 23, 26, 457 and a by adopting better dairy farming management A Study on Regional Disparities in Dairy
the hills however, price had positive influence on handsome net economic margin of ` 21,46,325 per practices. At the same time, cost of milk production Development in Maharashtra
proportion of output sold, suggesting that higher year. This is encouraging, given that the primary should be considered as one of the parameters Bulbul G. Nagrale*, A.K. Chauhan, Smita Sirohi & L. Priscilla
prices enough incentives for the above categories aim of any commercial dairy farm is to make the by procurement agencies while fixing the milk ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana
of households to increase the proportion of milk majority of its income from the sale of milk; the procurement prices. *drbulbul04vet@yahoo.com
output sold. studied farm was able to make lucrative returns Key Words: Cost of production, return structure,
Key Words: cooperative membership, cooperative from the sale of surplus dairy stock too. profitability, procurement price The problem of regional disparities exists at the
network, marketed surplus Key Words: Commercial dairy farming, Surplus stock, international, national as well as at the state levels.
Profitability
DE-07 In India, regional disparity is now a matter of serious
DE-05 concern. Across the various states, Maharashtra is
DE-06
Analysis of Constraints in Unorganized the one where overall development is quite good
Surplus Dairy Stock Management for Marketing of Milch Bovine in Haryana in terms of socioeconomic indicator, but extreme
Commercial Dairy Farming: A Case Study of Rising Cost of Milk Production: A Concern for Shubham Gawande, A. K Chauhan, Bulbul G Nagrale*& L. regional disparities exist. There are a number of
Haryana Sustainability of Dairy Farming in Punjab Priscilla studies on regional disparity in socioeconomic
DE Varinder P. Singh* & Inderpreet Kaur ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana development and agriculture development but not DE
Avinash K. Ghule*, Smita Sirohi & A. K. Chauhan
College of Dairy Science and Technology, GADVASU, Ludhiana
*drbulbul04vet@yahoo.com much emphasis has been given to the dairy sector.
ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001,
Haryana, India
*
dhindsavp@gmail.com Thus a study at the regional level is required for
*
avinashkghule@gmail.com Efficient livestock marketing practices have identification of the factors that are instrumental in
Dairy farming is an important sub sector of been considered as an important component of the controlling regional disparity and developing
Dairy farming has been considered as one of Punjab agriculture. It is one of the remunerative livestock development as it helps in accelerating policy. Keeping all these facts in the view, a study
the activities aimed at alleviating poverty and alternatives to wheat-rice system in Punjab which and sustaining livestock rearing by increasing was conducted to assess the trends in regional
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44th DAIRY INDUSTRY CONFERENCE


unemployment especially in rural areas. India is provide regular income and employment to income. In the view of the poor performance of disparities in dairy development in the state. District
consistently holding the top global position in milk the households. During the last few years, fast organized markets, unorganized bovine markets level secondary data was collected from various
production. The continuously rising demand for rising cost of milk production has affected the still have major role in bovine marketing. Very few sources such as Integrated Sample Survey Report,
milk and its products triggered the establishment profitability of dairy farming especially of small studies have been attributed towards this area of Livestock Census, District Socio-Economic Review
of commercial dairy farms which opens up new sized dairy farms which sometimes are unable to bovine marketing. The present study was carried Report and Economic Survey of Maharashtra
business opportunities for farmers and earnings cover the cost of production. Knowledge of the out during the period 2013-14 in Haryana state, for the year 1992, 1997, 2002, 2007 and 2012.
from sale of heifers and young dairy cattle is an various cost components in milk production is which was selected purposively. Two districts, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method was
attractive business model evolving in many parts prerequisite for identifying the areas where there Rohtak and Karnal were purposively selected used to develop the dairy development index
of the country. Present case study was conducted is scope of improvements and curtailing the costs from the state on the basis of transactions of using 15 dairy indicators. The study shows that
in Karnal district of Haryana. The commercial farm and enhancing the profitability of small sized animals. Further two blocks from each district were the Western Maharashtra is the most developed
selected had 168 dairy cows and a total of 200 plus dairy farms. In this direction, the present study selected purposively. Data was collected from 50 region and Vidarbha is the least developed region
cattle. Though heifers on farm consumed a major was conducted in six districts across three zones sellers, 50 buyers and 10 middlemen from these in terms of dairy development over the year. In
part of the total annual farm income, they could of Punjab, viz. zone I (Sub-mountainous zone), districts. Garretts Ranking Technique was used to Western Maharashtra except grazing area, fodder
repay their maintenance, by getting a handsome zone II (Central zone) and zone III (South-western meet the objective of study. It was found that un- area, cereal grain area and food grain area all
sales price, ranging from around ` 70,000 to zone) covering about 600 dairy farmers of different remunerative margin followed by exploitation by other indicators are strong indicators. In contrast,

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except grazing area all other indicators are weak to 2012-13, the consumption of milk and milk Airtel and Reuters Market Light project.ICT play DE-012
indicators in Vidarbha region. Thus, in order to products has shown a significant positive growth an important role in combating Rural and Urban
have overall dairy development in the state we rate of 9.93% per annum. The consumption of milk poverty i.e. powerful tool in economical and
Perception of Partners towards Research-
need to minimize these disparities across region and milk products was showing a better growth political empowerment. Impact of the ICT in local Industry (R-I) Linkage with Reference to Dairy
by taking special efforts on the region which are rate of 14.92% per annum in period I compared to social system (Transportation and marketing) are and Poultry Sectors in Andhra Pradesh
lacking behind in dairy sector. At the same time we the growth rate of 7.49% per annum in period II. emerging as an area of development. In the march Mahesh P.1*, B. Subrahmanyeswari2, G. R. K. Sharma1 & G.
need to focuson the weak indicators which have The trend in milk production and consumption of towards policy relevant research, critical analytical Gangaraju1
slowed down the rate of progress in the region. milk and milk products showed that there exist a research on various policy issues is slowly replaced 1
SVVU-College of Veterinary Science Tirupati, AP; 2SVVU-N.T.R.
wide gap between growth in milk production and by research on how to implement the government College of Veterinary Science Gannavaram, AP
Key Words: Regional disparities, dairy development *
maheshext6@gmail.com
indicators, Principal Component Analysis. growth in consumption of milk and milk products. programmes and policies.
Key Words: Milk production, Consumption, Trend Key Words: Digital Opportunity Index, ICT, ICT diffusion,
composite index, Fundamental Research
Research-Industry (R-I) partnerships are regarded
DE-09 as one of the widely used interactive best practices,
DE-010 a powerful tool for creating congenial environment
Trend in Production of Milk and Consumption DE-011 for technological innovations and enhancing global
of Milk and Milk Products in Kerala Emerging Trends of ICT in Social Sciences competitiveness, ultimately promoting the interests
Krishnadas M.1, P. K. Dixit*2, Lalith Achoth3 & M. Sivaram2 Arnab Roy* Promoting entrepreneurship among small
of the firms and academia across the world. As yet,
Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, Kerala; 2ICAR-National
1 ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001 holder dairy farmers: A critical view the existing Research-Industry (R-I) relationship has
Dairy Research Institute, SRS, Bengaluru, Karnataka; 3KVAFSU- *royarnab_94@rediffmail.com
Saikat Maji* & B. S. Meena not been effective in many parts of the developing
Dairy Science College, Bengaluru, Karnataka
ICAR-NDRI, Karnal
*drpkdixit@gmail.com
With the advent of new technologies, In the
world including India. The lack of close working
*infosaikat1990@gmail.com and communication relationship between livestock
recent era, research is shifting from Fundamental
Milk and milk products have an important place in to Applied fields i.e. Both are compliments to
research and industry is one of the most difficult
the human diet. The trend in production of milk and each other. Some of the research are directly
Dairy farming is the important source of livelihood institutional problems confronting the livestock
consumption of milk and milk products in Kerala in India though it is mostly an unorganized sector development in many developing countries
attributable to the development i.e.Information &
was analysed in this study by employing exponential dominated by small holder dairy farmers. For including India. Hence, it is important to assess
Communication technology (ICT). The application
growth function. The time series data were obtained bringing in structure in the dairy farming sector the perception of partners towards University
of ICT in agricultural sector is not a new concept. A
from NDDB, Anand; DE&S, Government ofKerala and inclusion of small holder the prerequisite is Research-Industry (UR-I) linkage with reference to
very interesting question can be asked what would
and NSSO, Thiruvananthapuram. The total milk entrepreneurship development in dairy sector. With dairy and poultry sectors in Andhra Pradesh and
be emerging trends in ICTs in the recent past. Few
production of the Kerala showed a meagre positive the highest production of milk in world (132.4 million examine the association between characteristics
DE significant methodological improvements have
tonnes in 2012-13) supported by an astonishing and perception of partners. The empirical analysis
DE
growth rate of 0.85% per annum during the period taken place, but the number of applications got
from 1993-94 to 2012-13. The total milk production growth rate in dairy sector and presence of vibrant based on responses given by researchers of SVVU
multiplied several times. The application of ICT in
showed a better growth of 3.98% per annum in domestic market, promotion of entrepreneurship as technology generators and industry personnel
major agenda of Govt. i.e. Rural Development is
period II (2003-04 to 2012-13) compared to 2.88% in this sector is supposed to be a desirable job from dairy, poultry and pharmaceutical sectors of
low due to poor infrastructure. In the last decade
per annum in period I (1993-94 to 2002-03). During specially for improving socioeconomic condition AP as technology utilizers. The results indicated
ICTs has a contributed a lot to the healthcare
1993-94 to 2012-13, the milk production from of farmers. Various central and state government that majority of both the partners i.e., researchers
in India mostly in education and information
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44th DAIRY INDUSTRY CONFERENCE


indigenous cows showed a negative growth rate of agencies presently provide assistance for setting (63.33%) and industry personnel (62.50%) had
sharing. With the increase in 10 per cent in high
-12.16% per annum. The growth in milk production up commercial dairy farms. Venture Capital medium level of perception followed by low
speed internet connectivity economic growth
from indigenous cows during the period I and Scheme for Dairy and Poultry was launched in 2005 levels. Among the characteristics of researchers
increased by 13 per cent. The Digital Opportunity
period II were -8.05% and -19.90% per annum aimed at providing interest free loans for setting designation, age, total job experience, trainings
Index (DOI) is a composite index that measures
respectively. The milk production from crossbred up dairy units. In 2010, the government launched received, role clarity, organizational climate and
ICT diffusion using diverse set of indicators that
cows showed a significant growth rate of 2.09% theDairy Entrepreneurship Development Scheme experience in research were found significantly
reflect a profile of forward-looking Information
per annum during 1993-94 to 2012-13. During the through NABARD. National Dairy Plan (2012) also related with perception, whereas, in case of
Society. The present indicator of IT Penetration in
period I and period II, the growth rate in crossbred promoting infrastructure development in this industry personnel characteristics like age, total
Indian society are not satisfactory i.e. 1.21 percent
cow milk production in the state were 5.05% and sector on cooperative line. Despite of promotional job experience, trainings received and achievement
whereas China with 4.08 percent and world
4.67% per annum respectively. The buffalo milk effort cost efficiencies of small holder farmers will motivation were found significantly related with
average is 9.63 percent. The potentiality of using
production exhibited a significant negative growth continue to be a subject of closer scrutiny. Thus perception.
new ICT based application in Indian lays both in
rate of -7.27% per annum during the period from enterprising farmers in this sector need to develop Key words: Perception, partners, linkage, university
Intensive and smallholder Livestock system. Mobile
1993-94 to 2012-13. The production of buffalo new skills and functional capabilities to drive research, livestock industry
companies are also targeting rural areas with their
milk was showing negative growth rate of -7.70% initiatives focused on competitiveness.
specific products and services. The Nokia Life
per annum in the period I and -2.49% per annum Tools projectis one such example along with the Key Words: Cooperatives, Cost efficiency,
in the period II. During the period from 1993-94 Entrepreneurship, Small holder farmers

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DE-013 DE-014 DE-015 of disaster, their adaptation at the household level


and opinions on government disaster mitigation
Producer Companies: A Way Forward for Adoption of Clean Milk Production practices Preparedness of Dairy Farmers for Disaster measures. This study is based on both secondary
Farmers by Dairy farmers of Nalanda District of Bihar Mitigation and primary data collected via a survey of 228
Sanjeev Kumar1*, Sujeet K. Jha1, Niketha L.1 &, Bagish Sanjeev Kumar*1, N.K Singh2, B K Singh2, Jitendra Kumar3 Meena H. R.*, B. S. Meena ,Gopal Sankhala & K. dairy farming households from the Chamoli
Kumar2 1
Sr. Scientist-cum-Head, KVK Nalanda (BAU, Sabour); 2Scientist, Ponusamy and Rudraprayag district of Uttarakhand. The
1
Dairy Extension Division, NDRI. Karnal; 2 ICAR - Agricultural KVK,Nalanda; 3Dairy Field Officer ,DDDO,Nalanda ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal
results show that decrease in yield of cereals,
Technology Application Research Institute, Umiam (Barapani) *sanju_kvk@yahoo.co.in *drhrms@gmail.com
*sanjeevagri2000@gmail.com horticultural crops, livestock production and loss
of employment, all associated with decreased
A study was conducted to assess the adoption of The World Health Organization defines disaster
Producer organizations in the form of producer clean milk production practices of Nalanda. The data as any occurrence that causes damage,
income of farmers, were the most immediate
cooperatives exist for over a hundred year in economic impacts of disaster. Social impacts
were collected from 120 dairy farmer randomly by economic destruction, loss of human life and
India. The concept has not been entirely new but such as population migration, impacts on health
Pre-tested interview schedule. Dairy farmers were deterioration in health and health services on
giving it the shape of legal binding and as a draft and schooling of children, hopelessness and
classified into large scale (above 40 dairy animals) , a scale sufficient to warrant an extraordinary
is something which has been the focus of recent sense of loss, conflicts in society for livestock
medium scale (20-40 dairy animals) and small scale response from outside the affected community
development in this area. The Companies Act, 1956 feed and fodder, and malnutrition due to
(1-20 dairy animals) farmers depends upon no of or area. It is an event, concentrated in time and
(the Act) was amended to add the 4th category of changed food preferences were also reported.
animals at their houses. The study revealed that space, which causes social, economic, cultural
companies as -`Producer companies constituting The environmental impacts such as increases
5percent, 10 percent and 85 percent dairy farmers and political devastation and which affects both
the Companies (Amendment) Act 2002. Producer in average atmospheric temperature, pasture-
belong to large, medium and small scale category, individual people and communities. No disaster
Company is a special case of producer organization forest degradation, deteriorated water quality,
respectively. Approximately, 50 percent large scale is exactly the same as another, and the impact
that is registered under Section IX A of the were perceived by farmers to high extent. In
farmers, 40 percent medium scale farmers and and consequences vary from region to region
Companies Act, 1956. During the course of time spite of good perception of severity of disaster
20 percent of small scale farmers adopted drying and community to community. Disasters can
some irregularities has crippled the co-operative impacts by farmers and their familiarity with
of udder by clean muslin cloth before milking be categorised, according to what causes them,
system, which has given the pathway for the various adaptation options, the preference
the animals. Pre- milking teat adopted by 70 as natural disasters, i.e. the result of natural
companies run by primary producers christened given for their adoption in dairying was not
percent large scale farmers, 40 percent medium phenomena, or manmade disasters, i.e. the
as farmers producers company. There are some good enough. Also to mitigate disaster, the
scale farmers and 21 percent small scale farmers. result of mans intervention or nonintervention.
basic differences as compared with cooperative government provided various mitigation
On the other side, post teat dip after milking of Natural disasters account for nearly 80 percent
system like area of operation, membership, and measures, but the level of satisfaction amongst
animal is followed 50 percent, 42 percent and of all disasters that occur in the world. Disasters
share in the companies, administrative control farmers was low. It is expected that this study will
18 percent of the large, medium and small scale can also be classified, according to their
DE and so on. Primary producers can come together farmers, respectively. Majority of large farmers as impact, as localised, widespread, predictable
help policy makers to develop more appropriate DE
to form a company to face the challenges of disaster adaptation policies in India.
well as medium farmers adopted machine milking or unpredictable, and also, major or minor.
modern agriculture which is more knowledge practices. Infra-mammary infusion on the drying The impact of a disaster can be categorised Key words: Farmers, Dairying, Disaster, Uttarakhand,
intensive, high input based and never the less, Preparedness
of animal is adopted by 20 percent, 10 percent as direct, indirect or tertiary. Apart from the
the uncertainty and risk involved in it. In the dairy and 5 percent of the large, medium and small public health consequences of disasters, such
sector some successful examples are Gujarat based scale farmers, respectively. The study revealed that as zoonotic diseases and the threat to the food DE-016
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44th DAIRY INDUSTRY CONFERENCE


MAAHI milk producer company ltd., Rajasthan large scale dairy farmers were more efficient in supply, disasters also have negative economic
based PAAYAS milk producer company ltd. Apart adoption of clean milk production practices than consequences, particularly in developing
A study of empowerment level of rural women
from dairy, and there are many in different fields the medium and small scale farmers. Keeping in countries. Disasters affecting livestock can engaged in livestock rearing in Kathua district
like agro-processing, fruits, coconut and so on. view of importance of clean milk production, there therefore have a negative impact on the of J&K state
These mechanisms provide a robust and more is a need to educate dairy farmers particularly infrastructure of a country, reducing an important Chanoria A.1, Pranav Kumar1*, S.A.Khandi 1 & A. Singh2
independent structure to the farmers and also medium as well as small scale farmers about source of income in rural areas and hindering 1
Division of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension; 2
have been able to address some of the issue of co- various aspects of clean milk production technique the distribution of food and goods. Recurring Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, R. S. Pura ,
operatives. Although these are in the initial phase SKUAST-Jammu (J & K)
and the conducive strategies should be formulated disaster is a major challenge in the flush flood
*pranavahe@gmail.com
of their development as compared to the history by concerned activities for better adoption of clean and landslide Prone Area of Uttarakhand State
of cooperatives but still promises a lot based upon milk production practices in Nalanda district of in India. Agricultural (e.g., rainfed cropping and
many success. Bihar. livestock) is the major income activity of over 95
Women are the vital human infrastructure and their
empowerment in terms of economic, educational,
Key Words: Producer companies, Co-operatives, the Key words: Clean milk production, Nalanda, Dairy percent of the states population. The objective
Companies (Amendment) Act-2002
social and political would hasten the pace of social
Farmers of this study is to understand the dairy farming
development. Rural women in our country share
communitys preparedness for disaster in general
abundant responsibilities both at household and
and flood and landslide in particular, perceived
farm level and perform a wide spectrum of duties
losses due to disaster and psychological impacts

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but their role in livestock management continues improve the family income apart from doing their variability in purposively selected 120 dairy farmers level of knowledge it might be due to inadequate
to be underestimated at large. In J&K state, no hectic household chores. of northern dry zone of Karnataka. Based on the extension intervention, less cosmopolite contacts,
data regarding their role in livestock management Keywords: Empowerment level, Rural women, Livestock result obtained from the study, a climate resilience lower participation in dairy extension activities,
leading to their empowerment was available rearing. model was proposed. On the concept of climate very less number of members of society attended
from any area or region, therefore a study was smart dairy development, in which both side of the training programs might be the reason for low level
undertaken to analyse the empowerment level situation where emission of the green house gases of knowledge of the respondents regarding climate
DE-017
of rural women engaged in livestock rearing in can be minimized and farmers can be made potential variability. In order to improve the knowledge and
Kathua district of J&K state. Kathua district was Prospects of dairying in Rajasthan: An to withstand against vagaries of changing climate adaptation capacity of dairy farmers for sustainable
divided into four clusters having two blocks each Overview were considered. Through this model In order to livestock improvement, a model was proposed. For
(as Kathua district comprises of eight blocks). The Waiz H. A.*, L.Gautam & R.K.Nagda
improve the knowledge and adaptive capacity of developing this model opinion and suggestions
data was collected from four blocks of Kathua College of veterinary and Animal Science,Navania,Udaipur, dairy farmers efforts can be made. For developing was gathered from researchers, farmers, and
district taking 120 female respondents engaged in Rajasthan University of Veterinary & Animal Science this model opinion and suggestions was gathered veterinary officers. The model suggests that,
livestock rearing. Empowerment level was analysed *drhinavet@gmail.com from researchers, farmers, and veterinary officers. gross root innovations led adaptations and locally
using the empowerment score developed by Rao The model suggests that, gross root innovations available resources led adaptations may lead to
(2004) with suitable modifications. Under socio- Rajasthan is having the second largest herd of led adaptations and locally available resources led increases the potentiality of the farmers to with
economic profile context of rural women, it was livestock among Indian states, contributing about adaptations may lead to increases the potentiality stand against vagaries of climate variability.
found that majority of the respondents were of 10 percent of countrys milk and 30 percent of of the farmers to with stand against vagaries of Keywords: Climate variability, dairy farmers, knowledge,
the middle aged, having poor education, marginal mutton production. Animal Husbandry contributes climate variability. northern dry zone of Karnataka
land holding, engaged in mixed type of family 9 percent of GDP to the state.Dairying have always Keywords: Climate variability, climate smart, dairy
occupation and moving towards nuclear family as been inter-depend in the state. Milk and milk farmers, knowledge, model
DE-020
per the normal trends of Indian family system. They products are emerging as important constituents
had medium level of economic, social, political and contributes the only source of animal protein
DE-019
Roles and Issues of Marginalized Dairy holders
for a sizable vegetarian population. The present
(leadership) and psychological empowerment. in Urban and peri Urban areas
The present study indicated that in majority of study evaluates the performance of dairying in Knowledge Status of Dairy Farmers about Kiran R*, Gopal Sankhala, H.R.Meena, Mahalakshmi S &
the state of Rajasthan in the recent years and what
livestock rearing activities, men usually alone took Climate Variability Sushantha M B
the decision and to a lesser degree joint decision. could be the future options to accelerate milk ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, India
Parameswaranaik J*1, Harisha M R2, Darshan G. B3 and C.
Majority (74.2 %) of the rural women were having production. Kavimani2
*
Kirubindas@gmail.com
medium level of economic empowerment. It was Keywords : Dairying, Rajashtan, Milk. 1
Dairy Extension Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research
DE also found from the correlation estimates between Institute, Karnal-132001, (Haryana) India; 2Dairy Engineering The human population in India is expected to DE
Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, reach over 1400 million by 2050 and the 31.16
empowerment level and socio-personal, socio-
DE-018 Karnal-132001, (Haryana) India; 3Dairy Microbiology Division,
economic and communication profile of rural ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, percent urban population is poised to increase by
women engaged in livestock rearing that family A Vision for Climate Smart Dairy Development (Haryana) India over 60 percent by 2050(NAAS, 2010). Predicted
occupation, gross annual income and mass media Parameswaranaik J*, Senthil Kumar R & Sohanvir Singh *Parameshwar.jnaik@gmail.com milk consumption will grow at 3.33 percent per
exposure were positively and significantly related, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute annum (Vision 2030, IGFRI). The main purpose
whereas education and social participation were *Parameshwar.jnaik@gmail.com The present study was conducted in northern dry is to know the environmental and situational
44th DAIRY INDUSTRY CONFERENCE

44th DAIRY INDUSTRY CONFERENCE


positively and highly associated with overall zone of Karnataka, 120 dairy farmers were examined aspects of the urban dairy holders and their role
empowerment level rural women engaged in The dairy sector plays a critical role in food security, for the present study. In order to measure the in the production and disposal pattern of milk
livestock rearing practices. Now the time has poverty reduction and economic growth in India. It knowledge of dairy farmers about climate variability to the urban residents. National Capital Region
come to give the ownership of land and livestock has the potential to act as an instrument to bring a standardized knowledge test was developed. was purposively selected which consists of
to rural women which will increase rural womens about socio-economic transformation, but in Knowledge about climate variability i.e. awareness four subregions. Two sub regions are selected
self esteem, confidence and empowerment level recent days dairy sector is very much affecting due of the issues, causes and source of information on randomly. From each subregion, two districts are
to strengthen their role as income generators to changes in climatic conditions and will have to climate variability and it also includes knowledge selected randomly. From each district, 30 dairy
and aspire themselves to move as independent adapt different mitigating strategies if these are to about projected impacts of climate variability on holders are selected by using random sampling
producers and decision makers. The study was be a provision of adequate food for an increasing livestock production, reproduction, health, feed method. Marginalised dairy holders are selected
concluded with the suggestions that further population. At the same time dairy sector is also a and fodder resources and water resources. The based on the complete enumeration of the
trainings and exposure to updated livestock rearing large emitter of GHGs (Green House Gases). The study reveals that 42 percent of the respondents regions and is defined as the farmers having less
practices and giving more access to credit facilities global dairy sector contributes 4.0 percent to the belonged to low knowledge level category whereas, than 10 animals and the major source of income
will enhance their role and will provide credibility total global anthropogenic GHGs emissions. In this 36 percent belonged to medium knowledge is dairying. Most of the farmers kept animals in
and recognition of their selfless devotion to respect, a study was taken to study the knowledge, category and only 22 percent belonged to the high one of the room of the house(30%) and ground
perception, adaptation strategies and constraints knowledge level category. It is clear that a large floor of the house(50%). Farmers are selling
perceived by the dairy farmers towards climate number of dairy farmers possessed low to medium

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Dairy Extension & Economics
Compendium Compendium Dairy Extension & Economics

manure to vllagers and using for preperation of schedule by holding personal interview with the sustainable livelihood security of dairy farmers. under action research mode aimed at studying the
cow dung cake which is used for cooking and selected dairy entrepreneurs during 2014-15. It An exclusively district level Sustainable Livelihood impact of dairy based entrepreneurship amongst
winter purpose. Most of the respondents(70%) was observed that a majority of the respondents Security Index was developed underline the the rural women Self Help Group (SHG) members
transfer the animals to village for rearing in (55.63%) perceived moderate level of training principle of Human Development Index of UNDP on their overall empowerment. Two dairy based
dry period because of feeding problem and for needs for marketing practices, followed by high by using 17 indicators divided into four sub-indices women SHGs based on Bangalore rural district,
economic purpose. Major Problems are seasonal (32.50%) and low (11.88%) level. Item-wise analysis i.e. Ecological Security index, Economic Efficiency were formed by comprising of 29 members in
availabilty and unavailability of feed, space for revealed that majority of them (81.67%) perceived Index, Infrastructure Sufficiency Index and Social the both group, belonging to weaker, resource
animals for free grazing and waste disposal, cooperative marketing channel as most important Equity Index. The overall mean value of Sustainable poor, landless labourers to modest economic
training etc. Urban residents facing the problems area followed by linkage with super and hyper- Livelihood Security Index was found to be 0.38 background. Subsequently, the two groups were
of smell, rodents attack, traffic etc. Apart from markets (75.83%) and value addition of animal with a range from 0.12 (Purulia district) to 0.59 motivated to take up the dairying as income
this an average of 2400 litres of milk per month products (66.67%). Correlation analysis revealed (Darjeeling district), indicated the sustainability generating activity by availing the bank loan and
is fed to urban population. An eco-friendly and that educational qualification, land holding, status was low. In case of sub indices, Infrastructure each member bought one dairy animal to start
efficient urban dairy will not only be overwhelming, income, caste, dairy farming experience, extension Sufficiency Index (0.49) and Ecological Security dairying activity. The institutes interventions in
contributing to the efforts of adequately feeding contact, social participation, mass media exposure, Index (0.45) were stronger indices than other two terms of both dairy production as well as processing
the cities, but will also create employment and economic motivation, scientific orientation, indices, Economic Efficiency Index (0.32) and Social related technologies were transferred to the SHG
generate income particularly for the poor. So the attitude and market orientation were significantly Equity Index (0.29) which signified the very lower members through on-campus and off-campus
progress in this sector will result in a balanced negatively associated with perceived training level sustainability. Districts were categorized for training, demonstrations, visits etc. The results of the
development of economy through improving needs scores at P<0.01. Farmers in general are better interpretation into three based on overall study indicated that, dairying as whole had a very
the livelihood of marginal dairy holders who aware of new markets and are willing to explore Sustainable Livelihood Security Index score as very positive impact on their livelihood and their overall
forms a major constituent of urban dairy system them given their perceived training needs score for low (less than 0.3), low (0.3 to 0.54), medium (0.55 to empowerment in terms of increased knowledge
by providing fresh milk to the urban residents to linkages with supermarkets and value addition. It is 0.70) and high (greater than 0.70). Districts namely level, better adoption of technologies and improved
satisfy their needs and requirements. suggested that intensive training to select group of Maldah, Uttar Dinazpur, Purulia were having very entrepreneurial behavior of SHG members. The
Key words: urban, peri urban, dairy, marginal, milk farmers for their capacity building to meet quality lower level sustainability in dairy-based livelihood. present project has successfully demonstrated
and safety standards should be given. This should But, it was moderately sustainable in the districts that dairying as an income generating activity
then be followed with facilitating linkages with of Darjeeling, Nadia and Hooghly. Hence, dairy- could be taken up by the rural women through
DE-021
such markets. based Sustainable Livelihood Security Index (SLSI) SHG platform by securing a monthly income of
Perceived Training Needs of Dairy Key Words: Training needs, Marketing practices, Dairy is not only highlighting the state of sustainability Rs.5000-7000 from dairying activity alone. Hence,
entrepreneurs of dairy-livelihood but also emphasized the area SHGs will serve as better platform to empower
Entrepreneurs about Marketing Practices in
DE where necessary policy matter to be intervened for farm women and the fact that dairying could play DE
Haryana improvement of livelihood of dairy farmers. a more constructive role in reducing the poverty
DE-022
Rakesh Ahuja1*, S.P. Singh1, S.S. Sangwan1, Gautam1 Key Words: Sustainable Livelihood Security, Dairy, West by promoting entrepreneurship at farm level needs
& Ruchi Sharma2 Sustainability of Dairy-based Livelihood in Bengal to be recognized and promoted for sustainable
1
Department of Veterinary and A.H. Extension Education,
College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar. 2 Department of the Districts of West Bengal: A Macro Level inclusive dairy development.
Key words: Dairy Entrepreneurship, Women Self Help
Vety. Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar. Analysis DE-023
Group, Dairying, Livelihood.
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44th DAIRY INDUSTRY CONFERENCE


*rakesh.ahuja2009@gmail.com
Sanchita Garai1*, C. Bhakat2, Sanjit Maiti1, T. K. Dutta2, B. Impact of Dairy Entrepreneurship
S. Meena1 & K. Singh1
Dairy entrepreneurship has the potential to 1
ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Development amongst Rural Women DE-024
provide gainful employment to a large number Haryana-132001; 2ERS of ICAR-National Dairy Research S. Subash*, M.C.A. Devi & P.K. Dixit
of youth. Accordingly, a study was conducted on Institute, Kalyani, Nadia-741235 Southern Regional Station of ICAR-NDRI, Bangalore, Karnataka Agripreneurship: A Way for Rural
*sanchita.bckv@gmail.com
160 dairy entrepreneurs selected from 12 villages * subashagri@gmail.com Development through experimental approach
of Hisar and Jind districts of Haryana to assess
their perceived training needs about marketing The concept of sustainable livelihood security Livestock sector greatly contributes to national
Kishor H. Gedam1* and Rachna K. Gedam2
1
Associate Professor,Dept. of Food Technology and
practices. Ex-post facto research design and multi has wider generic meaning pertaining to economy besides securing the livelihood of the Process Engineering, Institute of Technology,Haramaya
stage sampling were used in the study. Six training sustainable development to ensure ecologically millions of farmers in India About 73 percent of rural University,Ethiopia

needs areas related to marketing practices were secure, economically efficient, socially equitable households own livestock and most of them either
2
Assistant Professor, Centre for Management Studies, Jamia
Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi. India.
identified. The training needs were measured and sufficiency in infrastructure in the society. directly or indirectly dependent on dairying activity *ghkishor@gmail.com
on three points continuum i.e. most important, Dairying provides sufficient income to the for their livelihood security. Furthermore, women
farming community of West Bengal. Therefore,
important and least important and a weight-age of
sustainability of dairy-based livelihood in the
form the primary work force for dairy production The agricultural sector till maintain to be
3, 2, and 1 was given, respectively. The data were activities by directly managing almost all the the backbone of our economy even after
collected using pre-tested structured interview districts of West Bengal was assessed to find out operations of dairy farming. The present study industrialization. Rural Development which is
necessary interventions to be required to ensure

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Dairy Extension & Economics
Compendium
concerned with economic growth and social and cultural heritage. Trusting capabilities of our
justice, improvement in the living standard of the farmers and integrating them with superior, even
rural people by providing adequate and quality imported technology, feed and fodder is the way
social services and minimum basic needs becomes ahead. The sector requires renewed attention and
essential. Milk production is a livestock enterprise investments from Government and agricultural
in which small-scale farmers can successfully research and development community. The Dairy
engage in order to improve their livelihoods. The business provides employment to the landless and
main purpose of this study was to gain insight land owners alike and the income thus generated
into the household and farm economics of small- checks urban to rural migration. In addition, milk,
scale dairy farmers in India, the country with the being a complete nutrition, will play a key role in
highest number of small-scale dairy farmers by combating malnutrition and poverty. Indias market
far, and to obtain estimates of their costs of milk potential and current growth rate of traditional
production so as to gauge their vulnerability to dairy products is unmatched. Reconfiguration of
international competition. In the present study, the supply chain will not only require introduction
milk was chosen for detailed study, because it was of technology for large scale manufacture but also
found to be produced by a large number of families. a second intervention in terms of a business model
A simple method of sterilization for increasing to expand the demand of traditional products in
the shelf-life of milk, involving little investment future and upscale their quality standards. Foreign
was chosen for adoption to suit the rural sector firms have been closely examining Telanganas
where cold storage and transportation facilities are suitabilityas a destination for foreign direct
generally not available. The economics of the study investment (FDI). With a population of 35,286,757
was also worked out. These have indicated that the anda GDP of $53.9 billion, there is ample room
technology was economically viable and the rural in Indias newest State for exceptional growth. The
families can earn good income. The standard of industrial policy framework is driven by the slogan
living of the rural families will also improve with In TelanganaInnovate, Incubate, Incorporate.
the rise in their income, in turn; contribute to the The industrial policy announced by the Government
growth of nations economy and peoples welfare. provides a business regulatory environment where
Keywords: Rural Development, enterprise, Milk doing business would be as easy as shaking hands.
DE production, sterilization, shelf-life It is expected that the most significant outcome of
this approach will be the production of high quality
VIJAYA milk products at the most competitive price,
DE-025
which establishes Made in Telangana - Made in
Spirit of Make in India for Rural Prosperity India as a brand with has already attained high
through Dairying in Telangana global recognition.
44th DAIRY INDUSTRY CONFERENCE

Madhusudana Rao*
Deputy Director, APDDCF, Adilabad: 504001
* madhuapdairy@gmail.com

Dairying in India is not just a large economic


activity but also an integral part of our social

ICAR-NDRI, Karnal | February 18-20, 2016


178

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