T VT2 DWDM Jpilar Public PDF

Praha, hotel Clarion
10. 11. dubna 2013
Vyuit WDM
technologie pro
propojovn datovch
center
T-VT2/ L2
Jaromr Pila, Consulting Systems Engineer, CCIE 2910
2011
2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Connect 1
Basic optical
transmission
principles
Single Mode Fiber
Prerequisite for long distance optical transmission
Both the core and the cladding are made primarily of silica (SiO2)
Several types defined by ITU-T standards (most common is G.652)
Typically one pair needed (single fiber systems possible as well)
Refractive Index (n)
- n = c/v, n ~ 1.46 (SiO2), n(core) > n(cladding), difference < 1%
- Propagation delay in fiber: 5 sec/km (given by speed of light)
Core
10m 125m 250m
Cladding
2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Buffer/Coating Cisco Connect 3
Single lambda vs. multiple lambdas
How to transport more than one channel
Single lambda:
- One signal only (e.g. 1000BaseZX, 10GBaseZR etc.)
- More signals using TDM (SDH, EoSDH, FCoSDH) or statistical multiplexing (e.g. MPLS-TP)
Multiple lambdas: (grids defined by ITU standard)
- CWDM 20 nm grid (usually 8 or 16 channels)
- DWDM 200 GHz, 100 GHz or 50 Ghz grid
- WWDM
Combination:
- DWDM (or CWDM) used to scale overall bandwidth
- TDM used for subset of wavelength to efficiently use available bandwidth by slow channels
TDM: WDM:
Welcome to the analog world
Optical Impairments (1/2)
Loss (dB/km)
Attenuation
L-band:15651625nm
C-band:15301565nm
2.0
S-band:14601530nm
Loss of signal strength (absorption a scattering)
Limits transmission distance 0.5
Optical amplifiers can compensate 0.2
800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600
Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR)

Wavelength (nm)
Noise introduced by optical amplifiers

Function of symbol rate - rule of thumb,
2X data symbol => 3 dB higher OSNR needed
Limits number of amps hence distance
Solution provided by FEC/EFEC or regeneration
Chromatic Dispersion (CD) Time Slot
Speed of light is different for different wavelength 2.5Gb/s Fiber
Limits transmission distance (pulses are distorted)

10Gb/s
Inverse to the square of the data rates Fiber
Dispersion compensator compensates for effects

Advanced modulations provides higher tolerance
Welcome to the analog world
Optical Impairments (2/2)
Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD)

Caused by non-linearity of fiber geometry
Very disruptive at higher bit rates (> =10G)
MLSE and advanced modulations to increase tolerance, PDMC or
regeneration to compensate
-5
-10
Four Wave Mixing (FWM)
Power (dBm)
-15
-20
-25
Effects in multichannel systems -30
-35
Effects for higher bit rates -40
1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548
Wavelength (nm)
CD, unequal channel spacing, larger spacings
Self/Cross Phase Modulation (SPM, XPM)

Effected by high channel power
Effected by neighbor channels
CD, reduce launch power, larger spacings
WDM System
Anatomy
WDM system anatomy
Transponder based system
Optically
GE Amplified
OEO
Wavelengths
SDH OEO WDM

Mux
OA OA
(Filter)
Wavelength Optical
Multiplexed Amplifier
FC OEO Signals
OEO = transponder
'Grey' MM/SM Primary functions:
850/1310/1550nm - wavelength conversion
- G.709 encapsulation
ITU-T Grid for DWDM
- FEC/EFEC
- protocol monitoring
- service demarcation point
- can provide TDM multiplexing
- OFC Cisco Connect 8
WDM system anatomy
System with colored clients
Optically
Amplified
GE Wavelengths
SFP(+)/XENPAK/X2/XFP
SDH Colored optics WDM

Mux
OA OA
(Filter)
Wavelength Optical
Multiplexed Amplifier
FC SFP/X2
Signals
Client equipment
ITU-T Grid for DWDM
Where WDM
System Can Help
Bandwidth / Fiber Multiplication
Transport of bandwidths beyond available interface rates (10G, 40G, 100G) requires
multiple channels.
With standard interfaces, multiple channels requires multiple fiber pairs. Fiber is a
scarce resource, and can be costly.
DWDM allows multiple channels over a single fiber pair, and is often more cost effective
than using multiple fiber pairs.
Without DWDM
N fiber pairs
With DWDM
One fiber pair
N wavelengths
Distance
With standard interfaces, distance is limited to the reach of the specified interface
(e.g. LX, EX, ZX 10 km, 40 km, 80 km).
Exceeding these distances requires regeneration of each channel (typically with
router/switch interfaces).
With DWDM, single span distances can reach 250 km.
Amplified, multiple span DWDM distances can reach 1000s of km, with no
electrical regeneration.
Without DWDM
Up to 80km
With DWDM
1000s of km
Optical
Amplifier
Topology Flexibility
With standard interfaces, the physical (layer 1) network topology is restricted to the
fiber topology.
Fiber is expensive, and availability is limited. Metro / regional fiber is most cost
effectively deployed to multiple sites in a ring.
DWDM, specifically ROADM, allows any L1 topology (hub and spoke, mesh) over
any fiber topology typically a ring.
Dark Fiber Dark Fiber

DWDM
Wavelengths
Physical Ring Physical Ring Physical Ring Physical Mesh

Channel Topology Channel Hub & Spoke Channel Mesh Channel Mesh
must be a Ring
Service Protection
Without DWDM (or TDM), service protection must be provided by an upper layer protocol.
This can be complicated and slow.
DWDM provides the ability to protect individual channels at layer 1, with sub 50ms
switching times.
Bandwidth is reserved, with no oversubscription or contention in a failure scenario.
Multiple levels of resiliency are available, at varying cost points.
Line Card Protection

Interface Protection Optical Layer Protection Fiber ProtectionCisco Connect 14
Cisco Optical
Product Portfolio
Cisco optical products portfolio
Optical products are handled by to different groups
Transciever Module Group (TMG)
High End Routing and Optical Group (HERO)
TMG portfolio
Grey, CWDM and DWDM optical pluggable modules (GBIC, SFP, XENPAK, X2, XFP, SFP+, QSFP+, CFP,
CXP, CPAK*)
Supported in Catalyst and Nexus families of switches and routers **
Simple passive filters (CWDM, EWDM)
HERO portfolio (optical part)

Passive filters (ONS 15216 family, DWDM and CWDM)
SDH/SONET products (ONS 15300, ONS 15454 MSPP and ONS 15600 family
Carrier Ethernet solution (CPT family MPLS TP based)
DWDM system (ONS 15454 MSTP)
IPoDWDM (modules for CRS, GSR, ASR 9K and 7600)
* - roadmap, ** - check datasheets for details

Cisco ONS 15454 MSTP
Fully reconfigurable, intelligent DWDM platform
Carrier Class DWDM Transport
Combines TDM, Ethernet, SAN and video services
Originally introduced in 2003 as advanced metropolitan DWDM platform (broad services
range, 800 km reach)
Through multiple releases evolves into platform covering all requirements for enterprise
BC/DR solutions, metropolitan DWDM networks, LH and ULH applications (3000 km with
70 channels @ 100 Gbps tested in public)
Flexible optical networking platform
Cost effective Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (ROADM) with support for
optical mesh
Full band tunable lasers, modular client interfaces
Tight integration with IP core routers (IPoDWDM strategy) and carrier ethernet solutions
(Xponders, MPLS-TP)
Future proof extensible platform
Up to 80/96 wavelengths in C-band, 32 in L-band
Support for 40 and 100 Gbps transport
Further developed to extend the reach and functionality
High level of investment protection
Cisco ONS 15454 MSTP:
Network Topologies
Cisco ONS 15454 MSTP supported clients
Wide range of telco and enterprise client interfaces
TDM Data Storage Video 2R

STM-1 E 1G FC/FICON DV-6000 Any rate from 100
STM-4 FE 2G FC/FICON HDTV Mbps to 2.5 Gbps
STM-16 GE 4G FC/FICON SDI
STM-64 10 GE LAN PHY 8G FC/FICON D1 video
STM-256 10 GE WAN PHY 10G FC/FICON DVB ASI
OTU-2 40 GE ESCON
OTU-2e 100 GE ISC 1
OTU-3 ISC 3
OTU-3e Sysplex CLO
OTU-4 Sysplex ETR
E1 STP
E3 5G Infiniband
BENEFIT: High flexibility in system deployment, most of applications covered
BENEFIT: Broad range of potential service offerings
BENEFIT: 40/100 Gbps support allows for further bandwidth scaling

Interface cards
10G OTU2 Xponder
10G OTN Xponder is a single slot board equipped with 4 10G pluggable interfaces
(XFP based)
supports fixed and full C-band tuneable XFP
Each of the 4 interfaces supports multiple services:
OC-192 / STM-64 (9.95328 Gbps)
10GE WAN PHY (9.95328 Gbps)
10GE LAN PHY (10.3125 Gbps)
10G FC (10.518 Gbps)
OTU-2
Standard G.709 (10.70923 Gbps)
G.709 overclocked to transport 10GE as defined by ITU-T G. Sup43 Clause 7.1 (11.0957 Gbps)
G.709 overclocked to transport 10GE as defined by ITU-T G. Sup43 Clause 7.2 (11.0491 Gbps)
G.709 proprietary overclocking mode to transport 10G FC (11.3168 Gbps)
Port specification
All the 4 ports support NO-FEC and FEC mode (Standard Reed-Solomon FEC defined by
ITU-T G.975)
2 ports (Port 3 and Port 4) also supports E-FEC correction algorithm (Standard
Orthogonal BCH defined by ITU-T G.975.1 Clause I.7)
10G OTU2 Xponder: Card Configurations
10G 10G
(Grey/DWDM) DWDM
2x 10G Multi-rate Transponder

10G 10G
(Grey/DWDM) DWDM
10G 10G
DWDM DWDM
2x 10G FEC/E-FEC Regen

10G 10G
DWDM DWDM
10G
DWDM
1x 10G E-FEC/E-FEC Regen
10G
DWDM
10G 10G
DWDM DWDM
Mixed MR TXP and Regen FEC/EFEC
10G 10G
(Grey/DWDM) DWDM
10G 10G
(Grey/DWDM) DWDM
1x 10G Multi-rate Transponder with protected trunk
10G 10G
DWDM DWDM
Any-Rate Xponder Card
Ultimate Flexibility for DWDM Aggregation and Transport
8 x SFP, 2 x XFP ports Unprotected / Protected
Ethernet: FastE, GigE

2.5G OTU-2
SAN: 1G, 2G, 4G, 8G
10G OTU-3
SDI Video: SD, HD, 3G
Transparent
TDM: OC-3/12/48, OTN
Transponder / Muxponder Pay-As-You-Grow

Ultimate Flexibility for DWDM Aggregation and Transport
2.5G Transponder
2.5G Protected Transponder
2.5G Data Muxponder
2.5G Protected Data Muxponder Replaces the
functionality of all these
4 x 2.5G 10G Muxponder
cards...
8-Port 10G DataMuxponder
Video aggregation
OC-3/12/48 aggregation
...and adds these new
Fast Ethernet aggregation features.
8G Fibre Channel Transponder
Protected 10G Muxponder
EFEC I.7 Transponder/Regen
Sample operating mode (1/2)
Client Client
TSP #1
DWDM Trunk DWDM Trunk Working Client
Protected
Client Client Client
TSP #2 TSP #1
DWDM Trunk DWDM Trunk Protect Client
10G DWDM Trunk
10G DWDM Trunk
Client Client
TSP #3
DWDM Trunk DWDM Trunk Working Client
Protected
Client Client Client
TSP #4 TSP #2
DWDM Trunk DWDM Trunk Protect Client
4 x SFP Transponder 2 x SFP Transponder 2 x 4:1 10G Muxponder

Unprotected Protected Unprotected
1G, 2G or 4G 1G, 2G or 4G 1G, 2G or 4G
Sample operating mode (2/2)
Client Client
Client Client
Client DWDM Trunk Working
Client DWDM Trunk Protect
10G DWDM Trunk Working 8G FC Client
10G DWDM Trunk Protect DWDM Trunk
Client Client
Client Client
Client DWDM Trunk Working
Client DWDM Trunk Protect
8:1 10G Muxponder 8G FC Transponder 2 x 2:1 2.5G Muxponder

Protected Unprotected Protected
Multi-Rate Client Multi-Rate Client
Cisco ONS 15454 MSTP 100Gbps Implementation
100G DWDM Trunk Line Card

M2 with 2x 100G DWDM Trunk
10x 10G Multi-Rate Line Card
M6 with 6x 100G DWDM Trunk 2x CFP Line Card
Outcome of internal development and CoreOptics acquisition

400Gbps and 1Tbps technology demonstrated @ PONC in Monza
Latency sources
Where the latency comes from?
Fiber - speed of light is not infinite

Speed in vacuum c = 3 x 108m/s 3.3s/km
Speed through fiber c 5s/km
Transponder/muxponder
OEO, monitoring, muxponding, etc.
FEC/EFEC
Calculation
DCU
Spool of special fiber
Typical length for Cisco DCUs is from 0.6km (100 ps/nm) to 12km (1950 ps/nm)
Can add 10% of latency in average on G.652
Fibre Bragg Grating DCUs
Dispersion Compensation for Low Latency Optical Networking
Same range of compensation values as

DCF DCUs
Uniform, low loss (3dB)
Near Zero Latency (< 25ns)
Compatible with 100GHz systems
Passive Inventory
Ultra Low Latency Transponder Mode
Software Mode of same 10x10G card
Sub 4ns latency!
No FEC or G.709
Five 10G transponders per slot
Fixed or Tuneable DWDM Trunk Optics
10GE / 10G FC only
TX/RX Client
Normal Mode TX/RX Trunk
TX Client RX Trunk
ULL Mode TX Trunk RX Client
10G TXP/MXP
Latency Details (End-to-End)
10G MR EFEC Transponder:
G.709 Off: 1s
G.709 On No FEC / Standard FEC: 5s
G.709 On Enhanced FEC: 150s
10G Data Muxponder (DE disable):
G.709 Off 1G FC: 58s
G.709 On No FEC / Standard FEC 1G FC: 66s
G.709 On Enhanced FEC 1G FC: 204s
40G TXP and 100G modules
Latency Details (End-to-End)
40G Data Muxponder:
G.709 On No FEC / Standard FEC : 5s
G.709 On Enhanced FEC : 50s
10x10G Linecard:
G.709 Off No FEC : 4s
G.709 On No FEC : 7s
G.709 On Standard FEC : 11s
G.709 On Enhanced FEC : 146s
100G Trunk module:
G.709 On Standard FEC : 4s
G.709 On HG-FEC 7% : 20s
G.709 On UFEC 20% : 39s
What is "skew"
Source - t=0 Destination - t>0

Skew = differential delay
Can be introduced by:

- Different path lengths
- Muxponding
Negative impact on some load balancing schemes (namely Brocade ISL trunking)
Negative impact on protocols with embedded timing information
Must be carefully evaluated

DWDM Encryption Architecture
Key exchange over
OTU2 GCC
Ethernet Ethernet
Fibre Channel Fibre Channel
OTN
OTN
256 bit
AES
DWDM
OTU2 Payload Wavelength(s)
Encrypted with
256 bit AES
10G Multi-Rate Encryption Transponder
One slot, Ten SFP+ pluggable ports
Powerful Layer 1 Encryption for 10G signals

Supports 10GE, 10G FC, 8G FC, OC-192 and OTU-2
Five independent encrypted streams per card
256 bit XTS-AES encryption & GMAC Authentication
Robust key exchange mechanism over G.709 GCC
Integrated transponder functionality

Trunk SFPs can be gray (SR, LR, ER) or DWDM
DWDM trunks include FEC for long reach
Trunks can interface with 40G or 100G muxponders for wavelength
aggregation
10G Multi-Rate Encryption Transponder
Per Port Flexibility
Unencrypted, Gray Client
Encrypted, DWDM Trunk
OTU2 output from AnyRate Xponder
Encrypted, DWDM Trunk
Encrypted, Gray output to 40G or 100G Muxponder
Unencrypted, DWDM Trunk
Low Latency Transponder

Cisco ONS 15454 MSTP ROADM Implementation
Basic implementation
- 2 ROADM
- Multidegree ROADM (optical mesh)
Enhanced functionality
- Omnidirectional
- Colourless
- DWDM aware control plane
EDFA
Integration and space/power efficiency
- Single module ROADM ROADM
- Attractive PAYG bundles
OSA
Comprehensive design tool - Cisco Transport Planner GUI-based Network Design Entry
Traffic requirements:
Any-to-Any Demand provided by ROADM
Point-to-point demands
Comprehensive Analysis checks for:

wavelength routing and selection
optical budget and OSNR
CD, PMD, amplifier tilt etc.
Smooth Transition from Design to Implementation
Bill of Materials
Rack Diagrams
Step-by-Step Interconnect
BENEFIT: Fast and comprehensive network design

Management Applications Options
Cisco Transport Controller (CTC)

Installation and setup
Full node/ring management capability
Cisco Prime Optical (formerly CTM)
EMS/NMS layer applications for advanced optical management
CORBA/TL1 and SNMP NBI available for OOS integration
Cisco Transport Planner
Network design
Network modelling
Computer-aided installation: from network design straight to
installation
Live network import
OSMINE completed
TIRKS, NMA and TEMS
Case Study 1
Public Sector
Customer
Project information
Two systems redundant point-to-point between Ljubljana and Maribor (replacement of existing
ONS 15530) and ring in Ljubljana
Distance Ljubljana Maribor is almost 170 km, solution without in-line amplification required
(RAMAN amplification used)
Distances for ring are between 10 km and 15 km
Traffic for point-to-point system:
1x10GE, 1x8G FC, 1x 4G FC, 8xGE (all channels 1+1 protected)
up to 20 wavelengths @ 100 Gbps validated
Traffic for ring system:
1x10GE, 2x8G FC, 2x2G FC, 8xGE (all channels splitter protected)
up any-to-any traffic combination validated to full capacity of 40 wavelengths and 100 Gbps per
wavelength
Client interfaces 850 nm MMF (easily changeable)
Redundant AC power supplies and chassis controllers
Multishelf graphical management and OSC channel
Prerequisite for DC and switching evolution which will introduce Catalyst upgrade, Nexus 7000
and MDS 9500
Diagrams and rack layouts
Case Study 2
Large Financial
Sector Customer
Project information
Two systems per site (independent, primary and secondary) combined with platform redundancy
(AC PS, shelf controllers)
Primary system traffic requirements:
31x 10GE, 16x GE, 22x8G FC, 17x8G FICON, 12x10G FC, 4x 5G IB
Secondary system traffic requirements:
25x 10GE, 14x GE, 22x8G FC, 17x8G FICON, 12x10G FC, 4x 5G IB
Each system equipped to support for 40 lambdas @ 100 Gbps
High wavelength utilization achieved by use of 10x10->100G multiplexing, only 16 wavelengths
used in primary system and 14 in secondary. Additional 24 still available for use in primary
system and 26 in secondary system
All nodes are multidegree ROADMs to allow future topology expansion
Traffic protection will be managed at end-device level by taking diverse paths via primary and
secondary systems
Graphical management with multishelf capabilities, OSC
Rack Layout
Primary system power consumption:
Maximum 4580 W
Typical 3700 W
Secondary system power consumption:
Maximum 4500 W
Typical 3633 W
8/10G channel latency:
Fiber: 110 s (22x5)
System: 11 s (7+4)
Primary system Secondary system

Case Study 3
Hybrid Bidirectional
Designs
4-channel bidirectional terminal based on FLD
2.5dB 2.5dB
Ch1-RX Ch1-TX Ch1-RX
15216-FLD-4-30.3
15216-FLD-4-30.3
15216-FLD-4-30.3
OPT-AMP-17

COM-TX COM-RX COM-TX

1.5dB
EXP-RX
Single 15216-FLD-4-30.3
Single 15216-FLD-4-33.4 COM-RX

Ch1-TX Ch1-RX Ch1-TX
15216-FLD-4-33.4
15216-FLD-4-33.4
15216-FLD-4-33.4
OPT-PRE

COM-RX COM-TX
2.5dB 2.5dB
40-channel bidirectional terminal based on ID-50
2.5dB max
loss
15216-MD40-EVEN
OPT-AMP-17
15216-MD-ID-50
15216-MD40-ODD
OPT-PRE
(DCU)
Otzky a odpovdi
2011
Prosme, ohodnote
tuto pednku.
2011
Dkujeme za pozornost.

T VT2 DWDM Jpilar Public PDF

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

T VT2 DWDM Jpilar Public PDF

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Praha, hotel Clarion

10. 11. dubna 2013

Jaromr Pila, Consulting Systems Engineer, CCIE 2910

10m 125m 250m

Optical amplifiers can compensate 0.2

800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR)

Noise introduced by optical amplifiers

Speed of light is different for different wavelength 2.5Gb/s Fiber

Limits transmission distance (pulses are distorted)

Dispersion compensator compensates for effects

Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD)

Four Wave Mixing (FWM)

Effects in multichannel systems -30

Effects for higher bit rates -40

1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548

Self/Cross Phase Modulation (SPM, XPM)

SDH OEO WDM

SDH Colored optics WDM

Dark Fiber Dark Fiber

Physical Ring Physical Ring Physical Ring Physical Mesh

Multiple levels of resiliency are available, at varying cost points.

Line Card Protection

HERO portfolio (optical part)

* - roadmap, ** - check datasheets for details

TDM Data Storage Video 2R

BENEFIT: High flexibility in system deployment, most of applications covered

BENEFIT: Broad range of potential service offerings

BENEFIT: 40/100 Gbps support allows for further bandwidth scaling

2x 10G Multi-rate Transponder

2x 10G FEC/E-FEC Regen

8 x SFP, 2 x XFP ports Unprotected / Protected

Ethernet: FastE, GigE

Transponder / Muxponder Pay-As-You-Grow

10G DWDM Trunk

10G DWDM Trunk

4 x SFP Transponder 2 x SFP Transponder 2 x 4:1 10G Muxponder

Client DWDM Trunk Working

Client DWDM Trunk Protect

10G DWDM Trunk Working 8G FC Client

10G DWDM Trunk Protect DWDM Trunk

Client DWDM Trunk Working

Client DWDM Trunk Protect

8:1 10G Muxponder 8G FC Transponder 2 x 2:1 2.5G Muxponder

100G DWDM Trunk Line Card

10x 10G Multi-Rate Line Card

M6 with 6x 100G DWDM Trunk 2x CFP Line Card

Outcome of internal development and CoreOptics acquisition

Fiber - speed of light is not infinite

Same range of compensation values as

Source - t=0 Destination - t>0

Can be introduced by:

Negative impact on protocols with embedded timing information

Must be carefully evaluated

Fibre Channel Fibre Channel

Powerful Layer 1 Encryption for 10G signals

Integrated transponder functionality

Unencrypted, Gray Client

Encrypted, DWDM Trunk

OTU2 output from AnyRate Xponder

Encrypted, DWDM Trunk

Unencrypted, Gray Client

Encrypted, Gray output to 40G or 100G Muxponder