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Teaching & Learning

By Linda Campbell
Through Multiple
Bruce Campbell
& Dee Dickinson
Intelligences
If a man does not keep pace
with his companions, perhaps it
is because he hears a different
drummer. Let him step to the
music which he hears, however
measured or far away.

- Henry David Thoreau


What is Multiple Intelligence?
- A theory proposed by Harvard
University Professor Howard Gardner,
which states that there are eight basic
intelligences that all people possess.
- Most people learn predominantly in one
or two intelligences.
- This theory proposes that schools
should incorporate all eight intelligences
into daily lessons in an effort to reach
every student.
The intelligences are languages
that all people speak and are
influenced, in part, by the
cultures in which we are born.
They are tools for learning,
problem solving, and creating
throughout life.

- Howard Gardner, Frames of Mind


The Eight Intelligences
Verbal-Linguistic
Logical-Mathematical
Visual - S p a t i a l
Bodily-Kinesthetic
Musical
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Naturalist
Verbal Linguistic Intelligence
The ability to think in words
and to use language to
express and appreciate
complex meanings.
Authors, poets, journalists,
speakers, and newscasters
exhibit a well-developed
understanding of this
intelligence.
Elements of Verbal-Linguistic
Intelligence
Listening - Students spend 70% of their
classroom time in listening
Speaking - Only 7% of what we
communicate has to do with words.
Reading - Literature serves as the foundation
for developing verbal-linguistic intelligence.
Writing - The process cannot be segregated
from other language acts. It is reinforced by
speaking, listening, and reading.
Listening
Storytelling is a powerful tool for
captivating students interest.
Through vivid, imaginative stories,
content comes alive.
For example, most of us learned that
Thomas Edison invented the light
bulb. But did you know
As a child, Edison conducted all
kinds of quirky experiments like
sitting on an egg himself to see if it
would hatch, or believing that birds
could fly because they ate worms,
he once cut up a bunch of worms,
created an odd concoction, and fed
it to an unsuspecting woman to see
if she would fly.
Edison eventually invented and
patented 2,500 items.
The Goddess of Memory
Speaking
Classroom discussions - It is important to
make sure all students are involved.
Consider giving each student what are
called talking tokens, offering each
person an opportunity to talk and
express themselves in a variety of
ways, or
Create a talking circle, passing an item
around the circle or randomly so that
each student can share ideas.
Memorization - This technique has fallen
out of favor in many schools, but it is
always a powerful tool for helping
children to practice oral speaking skills,
to listen to their own voices, and to learn
new material.
Example: Encourage students to
memorize and present a favorite poem,
song or short story. Nursery rhymes,
jingles, and childrens books are great
sources for inspiration. Older students
might learn part of a famous speech or
recite a monologue from Shakespeare.
Reading

Motivating students to read - Teachers can


make conscious efforts to encourage
students to develop an interest in reading.
Example: post daily quotations or
questions to spark student interest; create
an online message board or a class
notebook for students to share comments
and ideas about what they are reading in
class or at home.
Writing
Developing a passion for words - Teachers
should develop in their students an
understanding that words have POWER.
Putting words on paper can help students to
express emotions, defend an argument,
explain a task, teach a subject, or simply
enjoy the process of communicating with
others.
Students should be encouraged to savor the
sound of words; use words wisely; and
explore subtle shades of meaning.
Logical-Mathematical
Intelligence
The ability to calculate, quantify,
consider propositions and
hypotheses, and carry out complex
mathematical operations.

Scientists, accountants, engineers,


and computer programmers are all
well-versed in this intelligence.
New Ways of Thinking
About Math & Science
The Scientific Method works for ALL subject
areas!
Example: Bring paint to class, and test the
premise that yellow and blue make green.
Averages and percentages can be calculated
using concepts from all disciplines.
Example: Use sports statistics from a
newspaper to create math problems for the
classroom. Determine the ratio of specific
instruments in the school band.
Other Unique Ideas
Create story problems that are linked to various
subject areas and relevant to the real world.
Example: October 17th falls on a Saturday. List the
dates of all Saturdays in April.
Patterns exist everywhere. Helping students to
discover this, can really bring mathematical
concepts alive.
Example: Have students recreate designs in nature
using straight edges, compasses, and
protractors.
Use geometric shapes in interesting and unusual
ways. Consider this
Create a Triangle Poem
With just three simple lines, you can create a
beautiful poem that can be read in any
direction.
s . Th
l e e
b ra
um in
r r fa
de lls
un ge
th nt
nt ly.
is ta
D
The cat crouches under the eaves.
Visual-Spatial Intelligence
The capacity to think in three-
dimensional ways, to perceive
external and internal imagery, to
recreate, transform, or modify
images, to navigate oneself and
objects through space, and to
produce or decode graphic
information.
Sailors, pilots, sculptors, painters and
architects are skilled in this
intelligence area.
Visual Representations
Ever heard the phrase, A picture is
worth a thousand words.? Visual
aids can help give meaning to
students beyond what simple words
can convey.
Examples: Concept mapping, mind
mapping and clustering are all ways
for students to visually demonstrate
their knowledge.
Using Color as a Tool
Working with color in the classroom helps to
engage the senses, making material more
interesting and memorable.
Example: Post commonly misspelled words in
the classroom, showing the problem letters in
color.
Receive Aisle Convenience
Or
Each of the steps in long division can be
highlighted in a different color, and the steps
for problem solving can be posted in varying
colors.
Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
To possess an acute understanding of
how to manipulate objects and fine-tune
physical skills.

Athletes, dancers, surgeons, and


craftspeople are especially talented in
this intelligence.
Movement in the Curriculum
Dancing is an excellent way for students
to get involved in the subject matter
physically and emotionally.

Example: Ask students to physically


depict the mental image that they have
about a character or to re-create
geometric shapes and forms with their
bodies.
Exercise Breaks
In your average classroom, children are
forced to spend the majority of their time
sitting still. Short exercise breaks can
bring new energy into the classroom.

Example: Stretching, simple movements,


breathing exercises, and eye exercises
(especially after long periods of reading
or using the computer).
Musical Intelligence
The gift of sensitivity to pitch, melody,
rhythm and tone.

Composers, conductors, musicians,


critics, instrument makers, and avid
listeners have a keen sensibility when
using this intelligence.
Creating a Musical
Environment
Often, it is difficult to calm children down
after an exciting activity or to get them
motivated when they are tired. Music
can be very effective for creating a
comfortable classroom environment and
for easing transitions. It can also
stimulate creativity.
Example: Play music when students
enter the classroom and between
lessons. Have students paint while
listening to music.
Music in Content Areas
Using music and musically-related
activities to supplement your instruction
is a way to captivate and hold students
attention.

Example: Present students with songs


they can relate to in order to improve
reading skills. Complement social
studies lessons by creating musical
instruments from the time periods being
studied
Interpersonal Intelligence
The capacity to understand and
interact effectively with others.

Teachers, social workers, actors, and


politicians use this intelligence with
ease.
Classroom Rules &
Conflict Management
Rather than handing down rules unilaterally,
teachers might have a better time getting
students to cooperate if they approached this
in a more democratic manner.
Example: Develop a classroom value system
based on discussions that include all
students. Create a conflict management plan
that is based on creating learning
opportunities rather than a reason for handing
out punishments.
Learning Through Service
Projects
Service projects are common in many
schools. However, in order for such projects
to really impact students it must be
emphasized that the purpose is not just for
getting a school credit but to give to the
community and to learn to be a contributing
citizen. The project should connect with
some subject matter being studied.
Example: When studying about a war,
volunteer at a refugee center. When studying
about economics and its impact on society,
volunteer at a homeless shelter.
Intrapersonal Intelligence
To construct an accurate perception of
oneself and to use such knowledge in
planning and directing ones life.

Theologians, psychologists, and


philosophers have a deep awareness of
this intelligence.
Getting to Know Yourself
One aspect of learning that is often neglected is
the study of ones self. Students should be
given plenty of opportunities to reflect on
themselves, their likes and dislikes, their
abilities, their values, their feelings, and
especially their lifes purpose.
Example: Create surveys that ask students
about their personal interests; have students
write about how they feel in different
circumstances that come up.
Emotions in the Classroom
More often than not, teachers and
administrators are fearful of emotional
displays in the classroom. Rather than
encouraging healthy outlets for emotional
expression, teachers prefer to force students
and themselves to bottle up emotions.
Instead, teachers should model healthy ways
to express emotion; create classrooms
conducive to emotional expression; and
provide a variety of formats for expressing
feelings.
Naturalist Intelligence
To observe patterns in nature, identify
and classify objects, and understand
natural and human made systems.

Farmers, botanists, hunters, ecologists,


and landscapers are naturally inclined
to use this intelligence.
Nature is All Around Us
Develop a big picture mentality in students.
Show them a picture of the world, for
example, to help them understand that we
are all connected.
The word museum actually means a place of
inspiration and study. Turn your classroom
into a museum! Display and study collections
of student art work, rocks, shells, plants,
preserved insects, found objects, and other
science-related materials.
Take a Closer Look
A good way to heighten student
awareness is to develop activities that
encourage students to use their
observation skills, either visually or
through other senses.

Example: Blindfolded walking or listening


activities; examining objects through
touch and scent with eyes shut; look at
objects under a magnifying glass; and
record outdoor observations in a field
l
Utilizing Multiple Intelligences
Across the Curriculum
Consider the following quote

Schooling should ideally consist of a total and


continuous experience rather than a series of
abstract, fragmented courses taught by
several educators.

- John Dewey, In School & Society


Key Things to Consider
There is no right or wrong way to
implement Multiple Intelligences Theory
into the curriculum.
Current curriculum can be adapted to
this model. It is not necessary to start
over from scratch.
Not all eight intelligences need to be
included in every lesson.
Most teachers report that after using
this methodology for about a year, the
process becomes second nature.
Examples of Implementation
Learning Centers Instructional Format -
Consists of four blocks throughout the
day: a main lesson, rotating periods at
eight centers, each one engaging one of
the eight intelligences; discussion and
analysis; and independent projects.
Interdisciplinary School Wide Approach
- Create a common school theme, and
have the teachers from all disciplines
use that theme as a basis for
instruction.
The word education evolved from the
Latin educare, which means to draw
out or lead forth. The original
definition of the word, then, suggests
that schooling can facilitate the
expression of what is contained within
ones mind, heart, and the deepest
recesses of being.

- Linda & Bruce Campbell and Dee Dickinson,


Teaching & Learning Through Multiple
Intelligences
Bringing the People Closer Together

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