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The Rise
of Christianity
Mount of the Beatitudes on
the Sea of Galilee in Israel
Step 1 Fold a piece Step 2 Then fold back each half to Reading and Writing
of paper from make quarter folds. As you read the chapter,
top to write the important
bottom. This makes an
accordian events that occurred in
shape. the rise of Christianity.
Step 3 Unfold and label the time Step 4 Fill in Jesus begins
The R ise of Christi anity
A.D.
line as shown. important dates 30 to preach
as you read like A.D.
Romans
persecute
those shown. 64
Christians
A.D. Constantines
312 conversion
The R ise of Christi anity Emperor
A.D.
726 Leo III
removes icons
339
Sequence Clues
Looking for
Sequence Clues
When we speak, read, or write, we automatically use clues to tell
us what happened when. These clues are called sequence words, and
they show us the order in which events occur.
Read the following passage about the spread of Christianity.
Notice the highlighted sequence words or phrases.
340
Finding Clue Words Read to Write
Look at the time line
Read this passage and write down any word or phrase that appears at the
that helps you recognize the sequence of events. bottom of page 342.
Write a paragraph that
uses sequence clues to
describe when these
events occurred.
The apostle
Peter preaching
During Roman times, many Jews hoped What Did Jesus Teach? According to the
that God would send a messiah (muh SY Christian Bible, Jesus preached that God
uh), or deliverer. This leader would help was coming soon to rule the world. He
them win back their freedom. The Israelite urged people to turn from their sins. He
prophets had long ago predicted that a also told them that it was important to love
messiah would come. Many Jews expected God and to love their neighbors. In this
the messiah to be a great king, like David. way, they would be obeying God, whom
They thought the messiah would restore Jesus referred to as his Father.
the past glories of the Israelite kingdom. The main points of Jesus message are
A few decades before the first Jewish given in a group of sayings known as the
revolt against Rome, a Jew named Jesus Sermon on the Mount. In them, Jesus made
(JEE zuhs) left his home in Nazareth it clear that a person had to love and forgive
According to the Bible, just before his death, Jesus gathered his disciples together
for a meal known as the Last Supper. Why did the Romans fear Jesus?
ple in
Can you think of any groups of peo
their
todays world who are persecuted for
beliefs?
Locating Places
Rome
Reasons for
Growth of
Meeting People Christianity
Constantine (KAHN stuhn TEEN)
Helena (HEHL uh nuh)
Theodosius (THEE uh DOH shuhs)
Jerusalem
40E
40
N Black Sea
SPAIN ITALY
Rome
Constantinople
ASIA
MINOR
GREECE
Tarsus Antioch
Sicily Aegean
AFRICA Sea SYRIA
Tyre Damascus
Mediterranean Sea Nazareth
Jerusalem
Alexandria JUDAEA
Even while facing Roman persecution, the
Christian religion continued to grow within the EGYPT
Roman Empire.
Re
Constantines Conversion
Constantine led his troops to victory at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge
after his conversion to Christianity. Constantines enemies were defeated
as a bridge made of boats collapsed under their weight. The X and P sym-
bols on the shields represented the first two letters of the Greek word for
Christ. How did Constantines Edict of Milan support Christianity?
The Early Church Early Church Hierarchy
Early Christians set up a church organi-
zation and explained their beliefs. Patriarchs
Reading Focus How can good organization make the
difference between whether a plan or project fails or
Archbishops
succeeds? Read how early Christians organized their
churches and chose what to include in the Bible.
Bishops
In its early years, Christianity was loosely
organized. Leaders like Paul traveled from
Priests
one Christian community to another. They
tried to unify the scattered groups. In their
teaching, they emphasized that all the Laity
individual groups of Christians were
part of one body called the church. Early
Christians, however, faced a challenge.
How were they to unite?
The bishops explained Christian beliefs.
Organizing the Church The early Christians They also took care of church business.
turned to a surprising model to organize From time to time, bishops met to discuss
the churchthe Roman Empire itself. Like questions about Christian faith. Decisions
the Roman Empire, the church came to be they reached at these meetings came to be
ruled by a hierarchy (HY uhr AHR kee). A accepted as doctrine (DAHK truhn), or offi-
hierarchy is an organization with different cial church teaching.
levels of authority.
The clergy (KLUHR jee) were the lead- What Is the New Testament? Along with
ers of the church. They had different roles explaining Christian ideas, church leaders
from the laity (LAY uh tee), or regular preserved a written record of the life of
church members. As the churchs organi- Jesus and put together a group of writings
zation grew, women were not permitted to to help guide Christians. Jesus himself left
serve in the clergy. However, as members no writings. His followers, however, passed
of the laity, they continued to care for the on what they knew about him. By A.D. 300,
sick and needy. four accounts of Jesus life, teachings, and
By around A.D. 300, local churches were resurrection had become well-known.
led by clergy called priests. Several churches Christians believed these accounts were
formed a diocese (DY uh suhs), led by a written by early followers of Jesus named
bishop. A bishop in charge of a city diocese Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.
was sometimes also put in charge of an Each work was called a gospel (GAHS
entire region. This made him an arch- puhl), which means good news. Christians
bishop. The five leading archbishops later combined the four gospels with the
became known as patriarchs (PAY tree writings of Paul and other early Christian
AHRKS). They led churches in large cities and leaders. Together, these works form the
were in charge of large areas of territory. New Testament of the Christian Bible.
anity has
Do research to find out how Christi
United
influenced the development of the
affected
States. Provide examples of how it has
y.
government, society, and the econom
pope
St. Augustine being blessed by the
357
(t)Scala/Art Resource, NY, (b)Alinari/Art Resource, NY
The Spread of
Christian Ideas
Whats the Connection? Meeting People
In the last section, you read Charlemagne (SHAHR luh MAYN)
about the growth of the Christian Basil (BAY zuhl)
church. In this section, you will learn Benedict (BEH nuh DIHKT)
how the church underwent a great Cyril (SIHR uhl)
division and how Christians spread Patrick
their faith to new lands.
Building Your Vocabulary
Focusing on the icon (EYE KAHN)
Church and government worked iconoclast (eye KAH nuh KLAST)
closely together in the Byzantine excommunicate
Empire. (page 359) (EHK skuh MYOO nuh KAYT)
Christians founded new communities schism (SIH zuhm)
and spread their faith to various monastery (MAH nuh STEHR ee)
parts of Europe. (page 361) missionary (MIH shuh NEHR ee)
Reading Strategy
Locating Places Organizing Information Create a
Byzantine Empire
diagram to show the reach of Christian
(BIH zuhn TEEN EHM PYR) missionaries.
Britain (BRIH tuhn)
Missionaries
Ireland (EYER luhnd)
Eastern Britain/
Europe Ireland
North
50
N Sea
BRITAIN
KEY
ATLANTIC Christian areas by A.D. 325
Added by A.D. 400
OCEAN Added by A.D. 600
GAUL Added by A.D. 800
Added by A.D. 1100 Ca
sp
ia
nS
ITALY Black Sea
ea
SPAIN Rome
Constantinople
ASIA
GREECE MINOR
Sicily
Tarsus Antioch
Aegean
Sea SYRIA
Damascus
AFRICA Mediterranean Sea Nazareth
Jerusalem 30N
Alexandria JUDAEA N
E
By the year A.D. 1100, Christianity had EGYPT W
S
Re
0 500 mi.
spread throughout Western and Eastern
d
Missionaries
A Catholic missionary in Senegal
Apostles, followers, monks, and nuns spread
Christianity throughout western Asia and the
Roman Empire. Paul of Tarsus traveled to
Greece, Turkey, and Damascus to tell Jews
and Gentiles about Christianity. Monks
and nuns served as missionaries, in
addition to providing community
services such as medical care and
education.
Missionaries of many
different religions work around the
world today. While sharing their
religious message, they also help the
poor and the sick. Many are not monks
or nuns. Some people volunteer for mission
trips that can last for weeks or months.
Would you be interested in doing mission work?
Benedictine monks Why or why not?
KEY
d
Se
Analyze
10E 20E 30E
to A.D. 325
Areas largely Christian by A.D. 600