l CAPE 2008 U2

+ AFFIX SEAL HERE t

! P1 (Trinidad)
I~ .
TESTCODE22207010
MAY/JUNE2008
\! FORM TP2008161
CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
ADVANCEDPROF1CIENCYEXAMINATION

\ BIOLOGY-UNIT2

PaperOl

90minutes

( 11 JULY 2008 (p.m.))

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.

I. This test consists of45 items. You will have 90 minutes to answer them.

- 2.
3.

4.
In addition to this test booklet, you should have an answer sheet.
Do not be concerned that the answer sheet provides spaces for more answers than there are items in this
test.
Eachiteminthistesthasfoursuggestedanswerslettered(A),(B),(C),(D). Readeachitemyouareabout
to answer and decide which choice is best.
5. On your answer sheet, find the number which corresponds to your item and shade the space having the
same letter as the answer you have chosen. Look at the sample item below.

Sample Item
-
Which ofthe following is NOT a form of
energy storage?

(A)
(B)
(C)
ATP
Lipid
Alcohol
Sample Answer

@@
-
(D) Lactic acid

The best answer to this itern is "ATP", so answer space (A) has been shaded.

6. Ifyou want to change your answer, be sure to erase it completely before you fill in your new choice.
7. When you are told to begin, tum the page and work as quickly and as carefully as you can. Ifyou cannot
answer an item, omit it and go on to thenext one. Your score will be the total numberof correct answers.
8. You may do any rough work in this booklet.
9. Figures are not necessarily drawn to scale.
f IO. The use ofnon-programmable calculators is allowed.

. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

CopyrigbtC2608 Caribbean Examinations Council.
All rights reserved.
???0701 O/r A 1>1: '>MR
 -2-

Item 1 refers to the following diagram which 4. Which of the following CORRECTLY
shows a chloroplast. describes the MAIN factors affecting the rate
of photosynthesis?

I. Light intensity and temperature

II. Carbon dioxide concentration and
state of the stomata
III. NAD and ATP availability
IV. Phytochromes and the availability of
ions
,.
(A) I and II only i
I
(B) land III only
(C) I, II and III only
{D) I, II, III and IV

1. RuBP carboxylase can be found in Region

s. High oxygen concentration can limit
{A) I photosynthesis by preventing the formation
(B) II of glycerate phosphate. This is due to
(C) III
(D) IV (A) the oxidation of reduced NADP by
oxygen
(B) oxygen combining with RuBP instead
2. The electrons from non-cyclic ofcarbon dioxide
photophosphorylation pass into the Calvin (C) oxygen combining with Rubisco
cycle via which of the following? instead of carbon dioxide
(D) triose phosphate which cannot
{A) ATP regenerate Ru BP in high oxygen
{B) NADH2 concentration
{C) FAD
(D) NADP
6. Thereactionlinkingglycolysis and the Kreb's
cycle results in the formation of
3. The Calvin cycle is important as it produces
{A) ATP
(A) triose phosphate that can be used for (B) pyruvate
the production of carbohydrates (C) acetylCoA
(B) reduced NAD that is used to (D) triose phosphate
generate ATP
{C) oxygen that helps maintain the
carbon dioxide balance in the
atmosphere
(D) glucose phosphate which can be
used to form sucrose
 -3-

7. The FINAL pathway for all carbon atoms, 8. The oxygen consumed during cellular
derived from food, during cellular respiration respiration is directly involved in
is the
(A) the citric acid cycle
(A) food chain (B) the phosphorylation ofADP
(B) Kreb's cycle (C) the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl
(C) Calvin cycle CoA
(D) electron transport chain (D) accepting electrons at the end of the
electron transport chain

9. Which of the following BEST describes an ecosystem?

(A) Producers + consumers + habitats +non-living component

(B) ' Producers + decomposers + habitats + non-living component
(C) Consumers + decomposers + habitats + non-living component
(D) Producers + consumers + decomposers + non-living component

10. During vigorous exercise pyruvate is 13. Improvement of biodiversity can BEST be
achieved by
(A) reduced to lactate
(B) converted to glycogen (A) controlled hunting
(C) converted to ethanol (B) systematic logging
(D) transferred to acetyl CoA (C) creating green areas
(D) monocropping

11. Which sequence CORRECTLY represents

the action ofnitrifying bacteria? 14. Endangered species may BEST be described
as species
(A) Ammonium~ nitrite ~ nitrate
(B) Nitrogen ~ nitrate ~ nitrite (A) which are under threat of declining
(C) Nitrate ~ ammonium ~ nitrogen in number
(D) Nitrite ~ nitrate ~ ammonium (B) with low population numbers that are
in considerable danger of
becoming extinct
12. Which of the following sequences is (C) which cannot be found in areas that
CORRECTLY ranked in order of they recently inhabited or in other
decreasing size? likely habitats
(D) with sm<11l populations which are
(A) Ecosystem - biome - habitat restricted geographically with
(B) Biome - ecosystem - habitat localised habitats
(C) Habitat- ecosystem - biome
(D) Habitat- biome - ecosystem
 -4-

Item 15 refers to an ocean food pyramid. The 17. Which of the following describes the correct
number in brackets represents the weight of sequence by which water rs lost through
the organism. transpiration?

Trophic I. Water passes from the xylem into

Level the mesophyll cells.
II. Water travels from cell to cell down
4 a water potential gradient.
3 herring (50) Ill. Water evaporates from the surface
of the mesophyll cells.
2 zooplankton (500) IV. Water leaves through the stomata by
1 phytoplankton (2500) diffusion. '

(A) I, II, III, IV

15. The percentage of energy available for (B) I, II, IV, III
transfer to a person eating 0.5 kilograms of (C) II, I, IV, III
tuna is approximately (D) IV, III, II, I
(A) 1%
(B) 5%
Item 18 refers to the following diagram which
(C) 100/o
represents the distribution of tissues in a
(D) 20%
dicotyledonous root

16. Which of the following does NOT describe

how mineral ions are transported from the
soil to the endodermis of the root?

(A) Transported with water via the

apoplast route
(B) Carried across the root cells passively
with water in the transpiration '---IV
stream
(C) By active transport via the apoplast
route 18.
(D) Transport of water along the apoplast
By passive diffusion across the
pathway is prevented by the region labelled
apoplast route
(A) I
(B) TI
(C) III
(D) IV
 -5-

Item 19 refers to the following diagram which Item 21 refers to the following diagram which
shows a longitudinal section of a mammalian shows the heart and associated blood vessels.
heart.

I---"'"-
-+----IV
II---14':::-

21. The inferior vena cava is labelled

(A) I
19. The position of the sinoatrial node is identified (B) II
by the region labelled (C) III
(D) IV
(A) I
(B) II
(C) III Item 22 refers to the following
(D) IV photomicrograph which shows a mature sieve
tube element.

20. Which of the fo:towing is correct for BOTH

arteries and veins?

Arteries Veins x
(A) Thin walled Few elastic fibres
Collagen fibres Small lumen
(B)
present
Few elastic Has valves
(C)
fibres
22. TheregionlabelledXis
!:hick walled Collagen fibres
(D)
present (A) the sieve plate
(B) the sieve-pore
(C) aplastid
(D) a companion cell

----- - - - - - - - - - -
 -6-
Item 23 refers to the following diagram which 26. Which of the following is the CORRECT
shows the pressure changes to the left side mechanism by which glucose in.the kidney is
of the heart and the aorta during the cardiac returned to the blood system?
cycle.
Site Mechanism
14 ---- -- ....... (A) Collecting duct Passive diffusion
..... 12 ----- --- ---- (B) Proximal tubule Active transport
"'t
::i
10 (C) Loop of Henle Passive diffusion
~

...E s6 (D) Distal tubule Active transport

4 27. Jn the manunalian kidney, which substance is

2 NOT reabsorbed from the proximal tubule by
.... - ...... _ _ _ _ _ _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ ... - .. !I., ..... \
active transport?
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Time/ seconds (A) Hormones
(B) Amino acids
23. The section labelled X represents the (C) Glucose
(D) Urea
(A) pressure in the aorta as the heart
empties
(B) pressure in the ventricles as the heart Item 28 refers to the following table which
fills shows the volume of water reabsorbed per
(C) atrial pressure as the heart empties day at different regions of the human kidney
(D) ventricular pressure as the heart fills nephrons. The total volume of filtrate
produced by the glomerulus is 180 dm3/day.
24. Which term BEST describes homeostasis?
Region Volume of water
(A) Variable internal and external reabsorbed/dm3
environment
(B) Maintenance of a constant internal Proximal tubules 147.0
environment
Loop of Henle 10.0
(C) Constant internal environment,
providing complete dependence on Distal tubules 192
the external environment Collecting duct 2.2
(D) Constant internal and external
environment resulting from a fall
in temperature
28. What is the volume ofurine produced per day?

25. The effect ofglucagon on mammalian muscle

)
(A) 1.6 dm3
cells is (B) 2.2 dm 3 )
(C) 21.4 dm'
(A) stimulation ofDNA synthesis (D) 178.4 dm 3
(B) an increase in the hydrolysis oflipids
(C) alteration of the receptor site on the
cell membrane
(D) stimulatioa oftbe rapid conversion of
glycogen to glucose
r

-7-

29. In myelinated neurones the action potential is 32. Alcoholism is a disease which has been
generated linked to intrafamily violence, aggressive
behaviour and petty crime. In which of the
(A) in Schwann cells following categories can alcoholism be
(B) all along the axon placed?
( C) in the myelin sheath only
(D) at the nodes ofRanvier only I. Deficiency
II. Self-inflicted
III. Degenerative
Item 30 refers to the diagram below showing IV. Social
the gap between two neurones.
(A) I and II
(B) I and III
(C) II and IV
(D) III and IV

0
dti' ~ 1
0 0 2

rr:
0 0 0
Item 33 refers to the following diagram
'\_
which shows the structure of a human
\ immuno-deficiency virus (IIlV).

3 0. Which structures indicate where acetycholine

is (i) stored and (ii) released?
glycoprotein
Stored Released
(A) l 3
(B) l 4
(C) 2 3
(D) 2 4

31. Chronic bronchitis is a condition suffered by

33. The function of the structure labelled I is to
persons who smoke cigarettes. The MOST
appropriate meaning of the term 'chronic',
in this context, is (A) anchor the glycoproteins
(B) enclose and support the viral DNA
(A) severe and enzymes
(B) sudden onset (C) inhibit viral replication
( C) . long term (D) transcribe the viral DNA, so it can
(D) intense be inte~rated into the host DNA
 -8-

Item 34 refers to the following diagram. Item 36 refers to the diagram below which
illustrates an antibody molecule.
x
Stem cells

'
y

B lymphocytes T lymphocytes
I
I.
Antibodies
hu'moral
I
II I'
immune III
response cell-mediated 36. The two labels which represent the antigen
immune binding site and the region which gives
response flexibility in binding to antigens are

34. The structure labelled Y represents the (A) 1and4

(B) 1and5
(A) lymph node (C) 2 and 5
(B) thymus gland (D) 3 and4
(C) red bone marrow
(D) hypothalamus
37. Which of the following BEST describes
tolerance, a form of physical drug
35. Mast cells dependence?

(A) are found in lymph nodes only (A) A severe craving for a drug which
(B) are the smallest circulating interferes with a person's ability
granulocytes to function normally
(C) are large granuloctyes which engulf (B) Characterized by the continued desire
pathogens for a drug, even after physical
(D) contain many granules rich in dependence is gone
histamine and heparin (C) Develops in persons who have used
large quantities of substances such

(D)
as alcohol and barbiturates
Occurs when the body becomes
accustomed to a drug and requires
I
l
ever-iqcreasing amounts to
achieve the same effect \

~
i
'
I
;
.,
i
 -9-

Which of the following is NOT a method of 41. A professional athlete and an untrained
38.
transmission of the HIV? individual each engaged in I 0 minutes of
exercise. The athlete's blq9d pressure,
(A) Sexual intercourse pulse and breathing rate remained almost
(B) Sharing intravenous needles unchanged, while the untrained individual
(C) Gene transfer from mother to foetus experienced an increase in all three
(D) Breast feeding or breast milk parameters. Which of the following state-
ments MOST likely accounts for this?

39. Which of the following explains why energy (A) The athlete developed increased
requirements differ in persons? muscle mass.
(B) Cardiac output and lung capacity
I. The amount of activity varies with increased with athletic training.
occupation. (C) The athlete has more stamina due to
II. Metabolic rate reduces with age. a specialized diet.
ID. As a person ages they may be less (D) Endurance levels are higher in the
active. athlete.

(A) lonly
(B) land II only
42. Which of the following describes a possible
outcome of the effect of tobacco smoke on
(C) II and III only
the cardiovascular system?
(D) I, II and III
(A) Haemoglobin combines with carbon
monoxide resulting in leSS-oxygen
40. Body Mass Index (BMI) is now used as a being transported in the blood.
simple means of assessing obesity. Which (B) Nicotine lowers the blood pressure
of the following formulae is used to calculate and therefore the heart rate.
BMI? Platelets become less cohesive and
(C)
BMI = height (m) increase the likelihood of
(A) thrombosis.
body mass 2 (kg 2 )
(D) The blood supply to the body
BMI = body mass (kg) extremities increases and oxygen
(B)
height 2 (m 2 ) is delivered to cells at a faster rate.

BMI = body mass (kg)

(C) 43. With regular consumption of alcohol, fat
age of individual (yrs)
accumulates in the liver because
BMI = body mass {kg)
(D) (A) alcohol is used in the synthesis of fat
height (m) molecules in the liver
(B) alcohol suppresses the ability of liver
cells to secrete fat molecules
(C) fat absorbs alcohol and detoxifies it
(D) liver cells use alcohol instead of fat
as an energy source
 Items 44 - 45 refer to the following diagram which
shows the changes in antibody concentration in the
blood during the primary and secondary responses.

>. ., 100
'g ~
.Q ~
':;:; bJI
secondary response
....; . 10
0
~
:i
a
-1"b ?;>.." 1 primary response
= .:=..
Q,)

= ..
" .Q

u.e. o..J.<:'.:._-,-~-,.~~.--"-~-,-~---,-
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (days)

44. These responses are MOST likely caused by

(A) antigens
(B) antibiotics
( C) antitoxins
(D) antioxidants

45. The secondary response is faster and stronger

because

(A) B cells rapidly transform into plasma cells

(B) B cells rapidly transform into memory cells
(C) memory cells are present and rapidly become
plasma cells
(D) memory cells rapidly transform into T cells

lFYOUFINISHBEFORETIMEISCALLED,CHECKYOURWORKONTHISTEST.

22207010/CAPE2008