Notebook #1

Equation Equation Purpose/Applicatio Example

Name n
Grid Ratio Grids are used to What is the grid
reduce scatter ratio when lead
h radiation, which strips are 3.2mm
Grid ratio=
D improves image high and separated
contrast. The higher by 0.2mm?
the grid ratio, the
better the image
contrast, but has a 3.2
Grid ratio=
H = height of lead cost of higher patient 0.2
strips dose.
D = distance between
strips Grid ratio = 16, so
16
the ratio is 1
Grid mAs with grid Whenever a grid is A quality x-ray is
GCF=
Conversion mAs without grid used to removed obtained using
Factor scatter, 2mAs at 70kVp
(GCF) density/image without a grid.
receptor exposure of Now adding a 12:1
radiograph will go grid. What mAs is
down and exposure needed to maintain
factors must be the same exposure
increased to to the IR?
compensate for the
lack of density. 2 mAs 1
=
X 5

2(5) = 1X

10mAs = X
Notebook #1

Grid mAs GCF Whenever a grid is Using 20mAs with

=
Conversion mAs GCF used to removed an 8:1 grid, what is
s scatter, the new mAs with a
density/image 12:1 grid?
receptor exposure of
radiograph will go 20 mAs 4
=
down and exposure mAs 5
factors must be
increased to
compensate for the 20 mAs x 5
mAs=
lack of density. 4

100
mAs=
5

mAs=25

Exposure mAs D 2 To maintain IR If a satisfactory

Maintenan = exposure, mAs must exposure is
mAs D 2
ce Formula be changed to obtained with 20
compensate for the mAs at 72, what
exposure change. mAs will be
required to
maintain the same
exposure at 40?

mAs D 2
2
mAs =
D 2

2 20 mAs 402
mAs =
722

20 mAs 1600

5184

32000

5184

6 mAs
Notebook #1

Relative mAs RS2 Used to convert mAs What is the proper

Speed = from one relative mAs with a 400-RS
mAs RS1
Formula speed to another system when
technical factors od
80kVp and 50mAs
produce an
acceptable image
with a 200-RS
system?

mAs RS2
=
mAs RS1

50 400
=
mAs 200

400 mAs =10,00

0 mAs

mAs =
10,000 mAs
400

mAs = 25mAs

The mAs mA X seconds = mAs To find the total mAs What it the mAs
Formula with given mA and using 50mA and
seconds 0.5seconds?

mA X seconds =
mAs

50mA X 0.5sec =
25mAs
Notebook #1

15% Rule Maintains exposure To maintain exposure What new mAs and
when kVp is changed when increasing kVp: kVp are needed to
Increase kVp 15% produce a
AND decrease mAs radiograph with
to half more contrast and
twice the density, if
To maintain exposure the original
when decreasing technique called
kVp: for 80 kVp, 300 mA
Decrease kVp 15% for 0.035 sec?
AND increase mAs by
2 More contrast
means you want a
lower kVp
When using 15%
rule in this
situation, when we
decrease kVp you
have to increase
mAs by 2. To
double the density,
you have to double
the mAs AGAIN.

300mA (0.035sec)
= 10.5mAs
80kVp (0.15) =
12kVp
80kVp - 12kVp =
68kVp
10.5mAs (2) =
21mAs
21mAs (2) =
42mAs

The new technical

factors are 68kVp
and 42mAs