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Abstract This paper presents the methodology of defining the perform the cell reselection to a superior LTE target layer cells
measurement trigger conditions and evaluation conditions of even if the serving cells RSRQ went to a significantly low
LTE cell reselection for release 9 capable UEs. In the proposal of level due to high traffic. As a result, the end user will
cell reselection parameters, the RSRQ measurement quantity is experience poor packet performance if RRC connection is
considered to account for the increase of packet traffic in LTE
started.
networks. In addition, the proposal is designed to improve the
end user experiences such the LTE camp-on ratio, the avoidance RSRQ driven cell reselection becomes crucial in case there
of unnecessary cell reselection measurements causing the battery is a possibility that the LTE traffic would not be equally
drain and the ping-pong effect between LTE and WCDMA inter- distributed over the multiple LTE layers. For example, if an
RAT cell reselection or redirection. The cell reselection operator is running multiple LTE frequency bands where the
parameter proposal is made based on the field test data collected eNBs antenna for each LTE frequency band is located in
in Tokyo metropolitan area. different spots resulting in each eNB posing different RF
coverage footprints or even if the eNB for each frequency
Keywords LTE release 9, cell reselection, RSRQ, idle mode band forms the similar RF coverage layout, RSRQs wont be
parameters the similar level in case the eNB vendors do not support traffic
load balancing feature over multiple LTE bands. Also if the
I. INTRODUCTION
eNB vendors are different for each frequency band, the load
The UEs capable of 3GPP Release9 specification started balancing between the multi-vendor are not generally
emerging in the mobile phone markets in the world from 2013 supported and as a result, RSRQ of the different frequency
and eventually Apples iPhone5s/5c and other latest bands could be far different from each other even if RSRP
smartphones have been also released stirring up lots of UE levels are similar.
subscribers desire to purchase the LTE UEs. Even if the Cell reselection is performed according to the system
operators have not experienced high packet data traffic information parameters broadcasted in SIB3, SIB5, SIB6 of
brought by the smart phones yet and do not have LTE and SIB19 of WCDMA. The new parameters
quantitatively measurable record to tell how much the packet additionally provided in Release 9 in the SIBs are summarized
traffic will increase by the LTE UEs, they can down to earth TABLE 1 [3],[4].
anticipate that the packet traffic volume in LTE RAN will
arise significantly and shortly, which will end up with serious TABLE 1. NEW LTE IDLE MODE PARAMETERS IN RELEASE 9
RSRQ deterioration in RF coverage perspective. In this case,
the Release8 idle mode parameters for determining UEs cell SIB Type Parameters
reselection behaviour [1], [2], which adopts only RSRP of the s-IntraSearchP-r9
serving cell and the target cells, wont be good enough in the s-IntraSearchQ-r9
high traffic network scenario and the operators will need the s-NonIntraSearchP-r9
SIB3
provision of Release 9 idle mode parameters to accommodate s-NonIntraSearchQ-r9
q-QualMin-r9
the RSRQ measurement quantity into idle mode cell threshServingLowQ-r9
reselection [3]. It is inferable that some operators have already
q-QualMin-r9
revised their idle mode parameter settings in the preparation of
SIB5 threshX-HighQ-r9
release 9 LTE UE launch. threshX-LowQ-r9
II. LTE IDLE MODE OPTIMIZATION FOR END USER threshX-HighQ-r9
SIB6
threshX-LowQ-r9
EXPERIENCES
qualMinEUTRA
As in the WCDMA network where EcNo gets lower SIB19
threshXhigh2
resulted from the increase of own cell traffic and/or other cell (WCDMA)
threshXlow2
traffic, RSRQ in LTE network is also degraded when the
traffic in the own cell and/or other cell grows. If UEs cell It is aimed in this paper to propose the cell reselection
reselection is performed only according to RSRP but not to parameters taking into account the traffic load increase (RSRQ
RSRQ, which is Release 8 version, UE wont be able to measurement quantity) for LTE network. The target UE model
RSRP Range (dBm) It explains that if RSRQ = -9dB or higher value is used for
the measurement trigger for the cell reselection, nearly 100%
Figure 1. RSRP PDF and CDF for signal bar 3 of locations within the cells coverage area is exposed to UEs
measurement trigger even though there wont be suitable
neighbor cells available for the cell reselection. The RSRQ, -
(3) (4)
The next step is to define the measurement trigger threshold The cell reselection measurement for the inter-frequency
of RSRP for release 9 UE. The lower bound of RSRP has been neighbors of which priority is equal to or lower than the
defined as -90dBm. The upper bound for RSRP, shall be serving LTE layer, needs to be triggered marginally later than
determined in a way that UE can avoid the unnecessary the intra-frequency measurement by 2dB. Therefore it is
measurements for intra-frequency and inter-frequency suggested to define the inter-frequency cell reselection
neighbors. The PDF distribution of RSRP and RSRQ measurement as below:
measured by RF scanner is presented in Figure 3. .
(5)
SBM RSRP, RSRQ Distribution at Cell Edge V. DEFINING RSRP AND RSRQ THRESHOLDS FOR
-8 EVALUATION CONDITION
4.5%-5.0% When the target inter-frequency LTE layer or target inter-
X-zone -9
4.0%-4.5% RAT 3G layer is lower priority than the serving LTE layer,
-10 3.5%-4.0% there are three variants of cell reselection evaluation
3.0%-3.5%
conditions for the release 9 capable UE. For Release 9 UE
-11 2.5%-3.0%
RSRQ [dB]
2.0%-2.5%
with threshServingLowQ provided:
-12
1.5%-2.0%
1.0%-1.5%
-13
0.5%-1.0% (6)
-14 0.0%-0.5%
-15
-112 -108 -104 -100 -96 -92 -88 -84 -80 -76 -72 -68
RSRP [dBm]
, where is assumed to be 0. (7)
Figure 3. PDF of RSRP and RSRQ in a dense urban area LTE network For Release 9 UE without threshServingLowQ provided:
Noriteru Takagaki had been with NSN for a decade mainly focusing on
network key performance indicator analysis and its data processing to identify
the root causes of the abnormal network call performances. In 2011, he joined
MOTiV Research Co., Ltd. as the field test team manager maintaining the
quality of field tests and improving the efficiency of the network data
collections.